Finals Review Part II

List one meal in which you ate at three tropic levels (if you’re vegetarian, make up one)

Could autotrophs survive without heterotrophs?  Why or why not? 

Define the following terms, Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration. Explain the relationship of these two terms and its importance to us.  You may include a diagram.

Explain the movement of Energy in Ecosystems.  Compare and contrast this movement to matter (nutrients). You may use diagrams in your answer.

Mr. and Mrs. Anderson both have tightly curled hair. (The hair form gene shows incomplete dominance. There are two alleles, curly and straight. The heterozygote has wavy hair.) The Andersons have a child with wavy hair. Mr. Anderson accuses Mrs. Anderson of being unfaithful to him. Is he necessarily justified? Why or why not?

Colorblindness is an X-linked trait, and the normal allele is dominant to the colorblindness allele. Ethan is colorblind. His wife, Edna, is homozygous for the normal color vision allele. If they have eight children, how many of them would you expect to be colorblind? Using Punnett squares, find and compare the genotypic and phenotypic ratios expected for the offspring of this marriage.

An allele that prevents other alleles from expressing traits is

• Dominant

• Recessive

• Heterozygous

• Always most fit for the environment

In terms of evolution, a species can be defined as

• A group of organisms that can live in a specific area without depleting the resources

• A group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

• A group of organisms that have symbiotic relationships that have evolved together

• A group of organisms with similar body features, adapted to the same environment

If a pea plant’s alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents? 

• Both parents were tall.

• Both parents were short.

• Both parents contributed a recessive allele.

• Both parents contributed a dominant allele.

The process of survival and reproduction of organisms becoming most fit to their environment is 

• Natural variation

• Adaptation

• Acclimation

• Natural selection

In pea plants, smooth pods are dominant to wrinkled pods, and green pods are dominant to yellow pods.  Two pea plants with smooth green pods are crossed.Both plants are heterozygous for pod texture and pod color.Which phenotype ratio in the offspring is most likely?

• 9 smooth green : 3 smooth yellow : 3 wrinkled green : 1 wrinkled yellow

• 6 smooth green : 6 smooth yellow : 2 wrinkled green : 2 wrinkled yellow

• 8 smooth green : 0 smooth yellow : 0 wrinkled green : 8 wrinkled yellow

• 16 smooth green : 0 smooth yellow : 0 wrinkled green : 0 wrinkled yellow

Which of the following statements could explain the change in population size in region X?

• Birth rate is greater than death rate

• Emigration rate is greater than birth rate.

• Death rate is greater than immigration rate.

• Emigration rate is greater than immigration rate.

Which best describes the process illustrated below?          

• The process of natural selection

• The process of artificial selection

• The process of evolution

• The process of inbreeding

A purebred tall pea plant is crossed with a purebred short pea plant, and the offspring are all tall.  What is the genotype of the offspring (assuming pea plant height is a single gene trait)? 

• Heterozygous

• Homozygous dominant

• Homologous pairs

• Homozygous recessive

Ms. Conklin hypothesizes that a study guide will help her students do better on their final exams.  She only gives period 6 a study guide.  The students who do not get the study guide are her 

• Dependent variable

• Independent variable

• Constant variable

• Control group

The students’ performance on the midterm is Ms. Conklin’s 

• Dependent variable

• Independent variable

• Constant variable

• Control group

Which of the following most likely resulted when (invasive) brown tree snakes were introduced to Guam? 

• Forest biodiversity increased.

• Many bird populations disappeared.

• Immigration of new bird species decreased.

• All reptile species experienced increases in population size.

Brad jumps into a cold swimming pool and his body temperature goes down.  His muscles, blood vessels and nervous system work together to restore his body temperature.  Which term best describes this process? 

• Hypothermia

• Reflex

• Homeostasis

• Respiration

 A particular genetic disorder leads to very high levels of cholesterol (a fat) in the blood.  The gene linked to this trait has only two alleles, N and S.  The table below shows the three possible combinations of how these alleles can be expressed. GenotypePhenotypeNNNormal cholesterol levelsNSSlightly elevated cholesterol levelsSSGreatly elevated cholesterol levels Which of the following statements describes the inheritance pattern of the N and S alleles? 

• The N allele is recessive to the S allele.

• The N allele is incompletely dominant to the S allele.

• The N allele is codominant with the S allele.

• The N allele is dominant to the S allele.

Wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995.  Wolves hunt elk, but the elk population in the park has declined more than it was expected to decline from direct predation by wolves.Other than direct predation, which of the following factors most likely contributed to the decline in elk population? 

• Decreased birth rate in elk

• Decreased emigration of elk

• Decreased parasites in elk

• Decreased competition between elk

A student views cells from several different prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms under a microscope.  Which of the following statements describes how the prokaryotic cells appear different from the eukaryotic cells?

• The prokaryotic cells are much larger.

• The prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei.

• The prokaryotic cells are more complex.

• The prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

 Fossils typically provide evidence for evolution because 

• Charles Darwin invented them.

• They exist in oceans.

• They show patterns of biological change over time.

• They contain hair which has DNA.

Genes are found on which parts of a cell? 

• Ribosomes

• Proteins

• Chromosomes (DNA)

• Centrioles

Which of the following is NOT a monomer of nucleotides?

• Sugar (ribose)

• Phosphate

• Lipids

• Nitrogenous bases (A, T, C and G)

In a chemical reaction, the subscript tells us:

• The number of molecules.

• The number of atoms in one molecule.

• The number of valence electrons in one atom.

• The number of bonds the atom can form.

A buffer is

• Can cause the blood to have a pH of 6.5 or below.

• Would not be found in human blood.

• Can either bind OH- or H+ ions.

• Is usually a strong acid.

Which of the following is NOT true of one water molecule:

• Contains hydrogen bonds

• Is polar

• Has atoms with differing electronegativities

• Requires energy to separate

Which of the following is the best general representation of a synthesis reaction?

• AB --> A + B

• A + B --> AB

• A + BC --> AB + C

• AB + CD --> AC + BD

An acid added to a base reacts in a double displacement reaction. ____________

• True

• False

A cation is formed when an element loses electrons. ____________

• True

• False

Ionic bond is to compound as covalent bond is to molecule. ____________

• True

• False

Water with a pH of 8 is slightly acidic. ____________ 

• True

• False

Covalent bonds strongly hold atoms together because one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to the other. ____________ 

• True

• False

​Electrons have approximately the same mass as protons, but they have the opposite charge. _______

• True

• False

The identity of a chemical element is determined by its atomic mass. ____________

• True

• False