Hormones Multi Cellular Organisms Quiz

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  • 1/50 Questions

    .Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback control system?

    • During birth, the baby’s head presses against the cervix and stretches it; stretch of the cervix stimulates the release of oxytocin; oxytocin causes contractions of muscles in the uterus; this pushes the baby against the cervix harder, increasing the stretch of the cervix.
    • Loss of water through perspiration while hiking in the desert decreases the amount of water in the blood decreased levels of water in the blood stimulate the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary; ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb water from the urine; blood levels of blood increase; levels of ADH decrease.
    • Four hours after lunch blood glucose levels start falling; low blood glucose levels stimulate the release of glucagon, glucagon causes the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the blood;blood glucose levels rise; no more glucagon is released.
    • None of the above is an example of a positive feedback system.
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About This Quiz

Explore the role of hormones in multicellular organisms with this quiz. Covering neurohormones, epithelial tissue functions, hormone classifications, evolutionary biology, and receptor sites, this quiz assesses key physiological concepts and their environmental interactions.

Hormones Multi Cellular Organisms Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following is not one of the distinct chemical groups to which hormones belong?

    • Steroids

    • Proteins

    • Carbohydrates

    • Amines

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbohydrates
    Explanation
    Carbohydrates are not one of the distinct chemical groups to which hormones belong. Hormones are typically classified into three main groups: steroids, proteins, and amines. Steroids are derived from cholesterol and include hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. Proteins are made up of amino acids and include hormones like insulin and growth hormone. Amines are derived from amino acids and include hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine. Carbohydrates, on the other hand, are not involved in hormone production or function.

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  • 3. 

    Most types of communication between cells use

    • The exchange of cytosol between the cells.

    • A direct electrical connection between the cells.

    • The release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message.

    • The exchange of DNA between the cells.

    • The movement of the cells.

    Correct Answer
    A. The release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message.
    Explanation
    Cells communicate with each other through the release of chemical signals. These chemical signals, also known as signaling molecules or ligands, are released by the cell sending the message and can travel through the extracellular fluid to reach the target cell. Once the signaling molecule reaches the target cell, it binds to specific receptors on the cell surface, initiating a response within the target cell. This type of communication allows cells to coordinate their activities, regulate processes, and respond to changes in their environment.

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  • 4. 

    Hormones are involved in regulating processes related to:

    • Production, use and storage of metabolic energy

    • Reproductive functions

    • Growth and development

    • Salt and water balance

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Hormones play a crucial role in regulating various processes in the body. They are involved in the production, use, and storage of metabolic energy, ensuring that the body has the necessary energy for its functions. Hormones also regulate reproductive functions, including the menstrual cycle in females and sperm production in males. They are essential for growth and development, controlling the growth of tissues and organs during childhood and adolescence. Additionally, hormones help maintain salt and water balance in the body, ensuring proper hydration and electrolyte levels. Therefore, all of the options mentioned are correct as hormones are involved in regulating all of these processes.

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  • 5. 

    In regulatory systems, the phenomenon of negative feedback

    • Is the least common type of feedback mechanism

    • Stimulates a return to set point

    • Amplifies a response

    • Disrupts homeostasis

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Stimulates a return to set point
    Explanation
    Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism that helps maintain stability and balance in a system. It works by detecting any deviation from the set point and initiating corrective actions to bring the system back to its desired state. Therefore, the correct answer, "stimulates a return to set point," accurately describes the role of negative feedback in regulatory systems.

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  • 6. 

    Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

    • Organs

    • Membranes

    • Organ systems

    • Organelles

    • Organisms

    Correct Answer
    A. Organs
    Explanation
    Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Organs, on the other hand, are made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the body. Therefore, organs are the correct answer because they are composed of tissues functioning together. Membranes are thin layers of tissue that cover surfaces or line body cavities, but they do not make up organs. Organ systems are groups of organs that work together to perform a specific function, and organelles are small structures within cells that perform specific functions. Organisms refer to living beings as a whole, which is beyond the scope of the question.

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  • 7. 

    Feedback regulation is an important feature of endocrine communication. Which type of feedback predominates?

    • Negative

    • Positive

    • Ergometric

    • Neutral

    • Homeometric

    Correct Answer
    A. Negative
    Explanation
    Negative feedback predominates in endocrine communication. This means that when the levels of a hormone in the body reach a certain threshold, the endocrine system will release a signal to decrease the production or release of that hormone. This helps to maintain homeostasis and prevent excessive hormone levels. Positive feedback, on the other hand, amplifies the production or release of a hormone, while the other options (ergometric, neutral, homeometric) are not relevant to the concept of feedback regulation in endocrine communication.

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  • 8. 

    The hormones antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and oxytocin are produced by the

    • Anterior pituitary and released by the posterior pituitary.

    • Hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.

    • Pituitary and signal to the hypothalamus.

    • Hypothalamus and signal to the brain.

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.
    Explanation
    The hormones antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and oxytocin are produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus is responsible for producing these hormones and then sending them to the posterior pituitary for release into the bloodstream. This is a well-known and established fact in endocrinology.

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  • 9. 

    Bone is a type of tissue.

    • Connective

    • Epithelial

    • Matrix

    • Muscle

    • Nervous

    Correct Answer
    A. Connective
    Explanation
    Connective tissue is the correct answer because bone is classified as a connective tissue. Connective tissues are characterized by having cells dispersed in an extracellular matrix, which provides structural support and connects different tissues and organs in the body. Bone tissue contains specialized cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts that are responsible for bone formation and remodeling. The extracellular matrix of bone is composed of collagen fibers and mineralized deposits, giving bone its strength and rigidity. Therefore, bone fits the characteristics of connective tissue, making connective the correct answer.

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  • 10. 

    The neurohormones antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and oxytocin are produced by the

    • Anterior pituitary and released by the posterior pituitary

    • Hypothalamus u s and released by the posterior pituitary

    • Pituitary and signal to the hypothalamus

    • Hypothalamus and signal to the brain

    • Pituitary and signal to the reproductive organs

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypothalamus u s and released by the posterior pituitary
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "hypothalamus u s and released by the posterior pituitary." The hypothalamus produces antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and oxytocin, which are then transported to the posterior pituitary for storage and release into the bloodstream when needed. Therefore, the hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following is not one of the distinct chemical groups to which hormones belong?

    • Steroids

    • Proteins

    • Peptides

    • Carbonhydrates

    • Amines

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbonhydrates
    Explanation
    Carbohydrates are not one of the distinct chemical groups to which hormones belong. Hormones are typically classified into four main groups: steroids, proteins, peptides, and amines. Carbohydrates do not possess the necessary chemical structure or properties to function as hormones. They primarily serve as a source of energy in the body and play a role in cellular processes, but they are not involved in hormonal signaling.

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  • 12. 

    The integrator for human temperature regulation is located in the

    • Spinal cord

    • Heart and lungs

    • Hypothalamus

    • Autonomic nervous system

    • Thyroid

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypothalamus
    Explanation
    The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating body temperature in humans. It acts as the integrator by receiving information from temperature sensors throughout the body and then sending signals to other parts of the body to initiate appropriate responses. These responses can include sweating or shivering to adjust body temperature as needed. The hypothalamus is located in the brain and plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.

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  • 13. 

    In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the

    • Cell body

    • Synaptic terminals

    • Axonal region

    • Dendritic region

    • Synapse

    Correct Answer
    A. Cell body
    Explanation
    The nucleus is found in the cell body of a typical nerve cell. The cell body, also known as the soma, is the main part of the neuron that contains the nucleus along with other organelles necessary for cellular function. It is responsible for maintaining the overall health and functioning of the neuron. The axonal region is where the axon originates from the cell body, while the dendritic region is where the dendrites extend from the cell body. The synaptic terminals are located at the end of the axon and are involved in transmitting signals to other neurons at the synapse.

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  • 14. 

    Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the

    • Hypothalamus

    • Adenohypophysis

    • Anterior pituitary

    • Adrenal cortex

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypothalamus
    Explanation
    Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including the production and release of hormones. Oxytocin is involved in a variety of physiological processes, such as childbirth and breastfeeding, while antidiuretic hormone helps to regulate water balance in the body. Both of these hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and then transported to the posterior pituitary gland for storage and release into the bloodstream when needed.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is an effect of increased levels of antidiuretic hormone in the blood?

    • Let down of milk from mammary tissues

    • Uterine contractions during birth

    • Water conservation by the kidney

    • Production of somatomedins by the liver

    • Production of enkephalins by the hypothalamus

    Correct Answer
    A. Water conservation by the kidney
    Explanation
    Increased levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the blood result in water conservation by the kidney. ADH, also known as vasopressin, is released by the posterior pituitary gland in response to low blood volume or increased blood osmolality. It acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing the amount of water excreted in urine. This helps to maintain water balance in the body and prevent dehydration. The other options listed are not effects of increased levels of ADH.

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  • 16. 

    Muscles are joined to bones by

    • Ligaments

    • Tendons

    • Loose connective tissue

    • Haversian systems

    • Spindle fibers

    Correct Answer
    A. Tendons
    Explanation
    Tendons are the correct answer because they are the fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. They are strong and flexible, allowing for movement and transmitting the force generated by the muscles to the bones, enabling movement and stability. Ligaments, on the other hand, join bones to other bones, while loose connective tissue is a type of connective tissue that provides support and flexibility. Haversian systems and spindle fibers are unrelated to the attachment of muscles to bones.

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  • 17. 

    When blood glucose levels increase, which of the following increases?

    • Glucagon

    • Insulin

    • Cortisol

    • Epinephrine

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Insulin
    Explanation
    Insulin increases when blood glucose levels increase. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas releases insulin to signal cells to absorb and use the excess glucose for energy or storage. This helps lower blood sugar levels back to normal.

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  • 18. 

    A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormones

    • Secretory cell.

    • Plasma cell.

    • Endocrine cell.

    • Target cell.

    • Regulatory cell.

    Correct Answer
    A. Target cell.
    Explanation
    A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called a target cell because it is the specific cell that the hormone acts upon. The hormone binds to the membrane-bound proteins on the target cell, triggering a response or signaling pathway within the cell. This interaction between the hormone and its target cell is crucial for the hormone to exert its effects and regulate various physiological processes in the body.

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  • 19. 

    The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because

    • The environment imposes identical problems regardless of where the animals are found.

    • The development of the specialized structures in an animal is influenced by the animal’s ability to learn.

    • The simplest animals are those with the most recent appearance among the biota.

    • They permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes.

    • The most complex animals are the ones with the most ancient evolutionary origin.

    Correct Answer
    A. They permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes.
    Explanation
    The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes. This means that these structures allow animals to adapt and survive in different environments, regardless of their location. By having specialized structures, animals can effectively respond to various challenges and changes in their surroundings, enhancing their chances of survival and reproductive success.

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  • 20. 

    Endothermy

    • Is a characteristic of most animals found in tropical zones

    • Is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature

    • Is a term equivalent to cold-blooded

    • Is a characteristic of mammals but not of birds

    • Is seen only in insects and in certain predatory fishes

    Correct Answer
    A. Is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature
    Explanation
    Endothermy is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature. This means that these animals are able to regulate their body temperature internally, regardless of the external temperature. They can generate heat through metabolic processes and maintain a stable body temperature, which allows them to thrive in various environments. This is different from ectothermic animals, which rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. Endothermy is not limited to any specific group of animals, but is found in a variety of species including mammals, birds, and some reptiles.

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  • 21. 

    The endocrine glands include the

    • Parathyroid glands

    • Salivary glands

    • Sweat glands

    • Sebaceous glands

    • Gallbladder

    Correct Answer
    A. Parathyroid glands
    Explanation
    The parathyroid glands are a part of the endocrine system. They are small glands located near the thyroid gland in the neck. These glands produce and release parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body. PTH acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase calcium levels in the blood when they are too low. Therefore, the parathyroid glands are responsible for maintaining proper calcium balance in the body.

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  • 22. 

    An example of effectors’ roles in homeostatic responses is observable when

    • An increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering

    • An increase in body temperature results from exercise

    • The rising sun causes an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal

    • An increase in body temperature results from fever

    • A decrease in body temperature results from shock

    Correct Answer
    A. An increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering
    Explanation
    When the body temperature increases, involuntary shivering is a response that helps to regulate and lower the body temperature. Shivering is an effect of the body's homeostatic response to maintain a stable internal temperature. It occurs when the body tries to generate heat by contracting and relaxing muscles rapidly. This response increases the metabolic rate and generates heat, which helps to counteract the increase in body temperature. Therefore, the given answer correctly identifies the role of effectors (involuntary shivering) in a homeostatic response to an increase in body temperature.

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  • 23. 

    Melatonin is secreted by

    • The hypothalamus during the day

    • The pineal gland during the night

    • The autonomic nervous system during the winter.

    • The posterior pituitary gland during the day

    • The thyroid gland during cold seasons

    Correct Answer
    A. The pineal gland during the night
    Explanation
    Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. It is primarily secreted by the pineal gland, a small gland located in the brain, during the night. The secretion of melatonin is influenced by the amount of light received by the retina. When it gets dark, the pineal gland releases melatonin, which helps to induce sleep and promote a restful night's sleep. During the day, the secretion of melatonin is inhibited by the presence of light. Therefore, the correct answer is that melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland during the night.

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  • 24. 

    Insulin secretion from the pancreas increases in response to:

    • Ingestion of a high fat meal

    • Increased blood glucose concentration

    • Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

    • Decreased blood glucose concentration

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased blood glucose concentration
    Explanation
    Insulin is a hormone released by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels. When blood glucose concentration increases, the pancreas detects this and secretes insulin to help regulate it. Insulin allows cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream, thus lowering blood glucose levels. Therefore, increased blood glucose concentration triggers insulin secretion from the pancreas.

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  • 25. 

    Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

    • Parathyroid glands.

    • Adrenal glands.

    • Thyroid glands.

    • The endocrine pancreas.

    • The exocrine pancreas.

    Correct Answer
    A. Thyroid glands.
    Explanation
    Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the thyroid glands. The thyroid glands are responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development in the body. Iodine is a crucial component in the production of these hormones, and a deficiency in iodine can lead to thyroid disorders such as goiter or hypothyroidism. Therefore, adding iodine to table salt helps ensure that individuals receive an adequate amount of this essential mineral and maintain proper thyroid function.

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  • 26. 

    For hormones that homeostatically reu1ate cellular functions

    • Negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion

    • The circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback loops

    • Both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors

    • Endocrine organs release their contents into the bloodstream via specialized ducts

    • It is impossible to also have neural regulation of that system

    Correct Answer
    A. Negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion
    Explanation
    Negative feedback is a mechanism in which the output of a system inhibits or dampens the original stimulus, thus maintaining stability and balance. In the context of hormone regulation, negative feedback is the most common mechanism used to maintain homeostasis. When hormone levels rise above a certain threshold, negative feedback signals the endocrine gland to decrease hormone secretion. Conversely, when hormone levels fall below a certain threshold, negative feedback signals the endocrine gland to increase hormone secretion. This feedback loop helps to keep the circulating level of hormones within a narrow range, ensuring proper cellular functions.

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  • 27. 

    As body size increases in animals,

    • There is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio.

    • Reproduction becomes limited to terrestrial environments.

    • There is greater variability in metabolic rate.

    • Migration to tropical areas becomes necessary for thermoregulation.

    • It becomes more difficult to conserve body warmth in cold environments.

    Correct Answer
    A. There is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio.
    Explanation
    As body size increases in animals, there is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio. This is because the volume of an animal increases at a faster rate than its surface area as it grows larger. The surface-to-volume ratio is important for various physiological processes such as exchange of gases and nutrients with the environment. A smaller surface-to-volume ratio means that there is less surface area available for these exchanges, which can lead to limitations in the animal's ability to obtain necessary resources.

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  • 28. 

    The reason that the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body is that

    • Only its target cells get exposed to aldosterone

    • Only its target cells contain aldosterone receptors

    • It is unable to enter nontarget cells

    • Nontarget cells destroy aldosterone before it can produce any effect

    • Nontarget cells convert aldosterone to a hormone to which they do respond

    Correct Answer
    A. Only its target cells contain aldosterone receptors
    Explanation
    The reason that the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body is that only its target cells contain aldosterone receptors. These receptors are specific to aldosterone and are present only in the cells that are intended to respond to its effects. Therefore, only the cells with aldosterone receptors are able to bind and respond to aldosterone, while the other cells in the body do not have the necessary receptors to be affected by this hormone.

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  • 29. 

    Most cellular functions are limited to a temperature ranging (in °C) from to

    • 20; 100

    • 20; 40

    • 0; 40

    • 0; 100

    Correct Answer
    A. 0; 40
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 0; 40. This is because most cellular functions are optimized to occur within a specific temperature range. Temperatures below 0°C can cause the formation of ice crystals that can damage cellular structures, while temperatures above 40°C can denature proteins and disrupt cellular processes. Therefore, the temperature range of 0; 40°C is considered optimal for cellular functions.

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  • 30. 

    Of the following choices, the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is

    • Simp1e squamous epithelium.

    • Simple cuboidal epithelium.

    • Simple columnar epithelium.

    • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

    • Stratified squamous epithelium.

    Correct Answer
    A. Simp1e squamous epithelium.
    Explanation
    The epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is simple squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium consists of a single layer of flat cells, which allows for efficient diffusion of substances across the cell membrane. The thinness of the cells reduces the distance that molecules need to travel, facilitating rapid diffusion. In contrast, other types of epithelium such as simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium have thicker cells and therefore longer diffusion distances. Stratified squamous epithelium is composed of multiple layers of cells, further increasing the diffusion distance. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is also thicker due to the presence of cilia, which adds to the diffusion distance.

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  • 31. 

    Steroid hormones

    • Bind to receptor proteins in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

    • Bind with receptor proteins in the plasma membrane

    • Are synthesized from epinephrine in the adrenal gland.

    • Are released from the cells that make them by exocytosis.

    • Are mostly derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.

    Correct Answer
    A. Bind to receptor proteins in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
    Explanation
    Steroid hormones are able to bind to receptor proteins in the cytoplasm or nucleus. This is because steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can easily pass through the cell membrane. Once inside the cell, they bind to specific receptor proteins located in the cytoplasm or nucleus. This binding activates the receptor, leading to changes in gene expression and protein synthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is that steroid hormones bind to receptor proteins in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

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  • 32. 

    All skeletal muscle fibers are both

    • Smooth and under involuntary control

    • Smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibers

    • Striated and under voluntary control

    • Smooth and under voluntary control

    • Striated and electrically coupled to neighboring fibers

    Correct Answer
    A. Striated and under voluntary control
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle fibers are striated because they have a striped appearance due to the arrangement of contractile proteins. They are under voluntary control, meaning that they can be consciously controlled by the individual. This allows for precise movements and coordination.

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  • 33. 

    Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of

    • Conduction.

    • Convection.

    • Radiation.

    • Evaporation.

    • Metabolism.

    Correct Answer
    A. Evaporation.
    Explanation
    Evaporation is the process by which a liquid turns into a gas. In terms of heat transfer, evaporation allows humans to lose heat from their bodies. When sweat evaporates from the skin, it takes away heat energy from the body, cooling it down. On the other hand, conduction, convection, and radiation are all processes that involve the transfer of heat to an object or from one object to another, but they do not specifically involve the loss of heat from the human body. Metabolism is the chemical processes occurring within a living organism to maintain life, and it does not directly involve heat transfer.

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  • 34. 

    Interstitial fluid is

    • The fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra

    • The internal environment inside animal cells

    • Identical to the composition of blood.

    • The route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells

    • Found only in the lumen of the small intestine

    Correct Answer
    A. The route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells
    Explanation
    Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds and bathes the cells in the body. It is derived from blood plasma and contains nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products. It serves as a medium for the exchange of materials between the blood and body cells, allowing for the delivery of nutrients and removal of waste products. This exchange is essential for maintaining cellular function and homeostasis.

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  • 35. 

    The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is

    • Skeletal muscle.

    • Cardiac muscle.

    • Striated muscle.

    • Intercalated cells.

    • Smooth muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Smooth muscle
    Explanation
    Smooth muscle is the correct answer because it is the type of muscle tissue that surrounds internal organs, other than the heart. Smooth muscle is involuntary and lacks striations, unlike skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. Intercalated cells are found in cardiac muscle and are responsible for coordinating contractions. Therefore, smooth muscle is the most appropriate choice for the given question.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following statements about muscle tissue is false?

    • It consists of cells that can contract.

    • It is the most abundant tissue in the body.

    • It is a form of connective tissue.

    • It uses a lot of energy when animals are active.

    • It includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

    Correct Answer
    A. It is a form of connective tissue.
    Explanation
    Muscle tissue is not a form of connective tissue. Connective tissue is a type of tissue that supports, connects, or separates different types of tissues and organs in the body. Muscle tissue, on the other hand, is responsible for movement and contraction. It is made up of specialized cells called muscle fibers that have the ability to contract and generate force. Therefore, the statement that muscle tissue is a form of connective tissue is false.

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  • 37. 

    Receptors for many steroid hormones are located:

    • Within the nucleus

    • In the cytoplasm of non-target cells

    • In the bloodstream

    • On the cell’s plasma membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Within the nucleus
    Explanation
    Steroid hormones are lipophilic molecules that can easily cross the cell membrane. Once inside the cell, they bind to specific receptor proteins located within the nucleus. This hormone-receptor complex then acts as a transcription factor, directly affecting gene expression and leading to various cellular responses. Therefore, the correct answer is "within the nucleus."

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  • 38. 

    Hormones are secreted by

    • Endocrine glands, such as the thyroid gland

    • Individual cells, such as those lining portions of the digestive tract.

    • Exocrine glands, such as the pancreas.

    • Both a and b

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted by various glands and cells in the body. The endocrine glands, such as the thyroid gland, are specialized organs that release hormones directly into the bloodstream. However, individual cells, such as those lining portions of the digestive tract, can also secrete hormones. Additionally, exocrine glands, like the pancreas, can release hormones along with other substances through ducts. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as hormones can be secreted by endocrine glands, individual cells, and exocrine glands.

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  • 39. 

    The nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity by the

    • Smooth muscles

    • Adipose tissue

    • Endocrine system

    • Intercalated disks

    • Glial cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Glial cells
    Explanation
    Glial cells provide nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons. They help in maintaining the overall health and functioning of neurons by supplying them with essential nutrients, removing waste products, and providing structural support. Glial cells also play a role in insulating neurons by forming a protective covering called myelin around their axons, which helps in the efficient transmission of electrical signals. Additionally, glial cells contribute to the regulation of the chemical environment around neurons and provide support during injury or disease.

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  • 40. 

    In addition to producing thyroxine, the mammalian thyroid gland produces

    • Adrenaline

    • Prolactin

    • Iodine

    • Calcitonin

    • Thyrotropin

    Correct Answer
    A. Calcitonin
    Explanation
    The mammalian thyroid gland produces calcitonin in addition to thyroxine. Calcitonin is a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels in the body. It works by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone tissue and release calcium into the bloodstream. By inhibiting osteoclast activity, calcitonin helps to decrease blood calcium levels. This hormone is important in maintaining calcium homeostasis and preventing excessive calcium loss from the bones.

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  • 41. 

    Which of the following statements about hormones, hormone-producing cells, and target cells is false?

    • Target cells have the appropriate receptors for binding a particular hormone.

    • Some endocrine cells exist as single cells within a tissue.

    • Endocrine glands do not have ducts that lead to the outside of the body.

    • All hormones travel in the blood to target cells.

    Correct Answer
    A. All hormones travel in the blood to target cells.
    Explanation
    The statement "All hormones travel in the blood to target cells" is false. While many hormones do travel in the blood to reach their target cells, there are also hormones that can travel through other bodily fluids or can act locally without entering the bloodstream. For example, some hormones can act on nearby cells without being transported in the blood. Additionally, some hormones can be transported through other bodily fluids such as lymph.

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  • 42. 

    Analysis of a blood sample from a fasting individual who had not eaten for 24 hours would be expected to reveal high levels of

    • Insulin.

    • Glucagon

    • Secretin.

    • Gastrin.

    • Glucose.

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucagon
    Explanation
    When an individual is fasting and has not eaten for 24 hours, the body needs to maintain stable blood glucose levels. Glucagon is a hormone released by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream, increasing blood glucose levels. Therefore, it is expected that the analysis of a blood sample from a fasting individual would reveal high levels of glucagon.

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  • 43. 

    Columnar cells are a type of epithelial tissue often found in the ________ and their function is_______

    • Kidneys, absorption

    • Lungs, diffusion

    • Skin, protection

    • Intestines, absorption

    Correct Answer
    A. Intestines, absorption
    Explanation
    Columnar cells are a type of epithelial tissue often found in the intestines. Their function is absorption. These cells have a tall and narrow shape, which allows for increased surface area for absorption of nutrients and other substances from the digested food in the intestines. The columnar shape also helps in the secretion of mucus and enzymes that aid in the digestive process.

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  • 44. 

    Humans are called homeotherms because we maintain constant

    • Rates of heat loss to the environment

    • Skin temperature

    • Core temperature

    • Rates of heat production in any environment

    • Skeletal muscle tension

    Correct Answer
    A. Rates of heat production in any environment
    Explanation
    Homeotherms are organisms that are able to maintain a relatively constant internal body temperature regardless of the external environment. This is achieved by regulating the rates of heat production in their bodies. By adjusting metabolic processes and increasing heat production, homeotherms can stay warm in cold environments and cool down in hot environments. This ability allows them to function optimally and survive in a wide range of environmental conditions.

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  • 45. 

    Conduction removes heat from the body whenever the body is:

    • In contact with an object that is cooler than core temperature

    • Placed away from bright light

    • Sweating

    • ìn contact with an object that is cooler than skin temperature

    • In contact with an object that is warmer than skin temperature

    Correct Answer
    A. ìn contact with an object that is cooler than skin temperature
    Explanation
    Conduction is the transfer of heat between two objects that are in direct contact with each other. In this case, if the body is in contact with an object that is cooler than skin temperature, heat will be transferred from the body to the cooler object through conduction. This will result in the removal of heat from the body.

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  • 46. 

    Cardiac muscle cells are both

    • Striated and interconnected by intercalated disks

    • Striated and operate independently of other cardiac cells

    • Smooth and under voluntary control

    • Striated and under voluntary control

    • Smooth and under involuntary control

    Correct Answer
    A. Striated and interconnected by intercalated disks
    Explanation
    Cardiac muscle cells are striated, meaning they have a striped appearance due to the arrangement of contractile proteins. Additionally, these cells are interconnected by intercalated disks, which allow for synchronized contraction of the heart. This interconnection ensures that the cardiac muscle cells work together as a unit, enabling efficient pumping of blood. Therefore, the correct answer is "striated and interconnected by intercalated disks."

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  • 47. 

    The hypothalamus

    • Functions only as an endocrine target, by having lots of receptors on its cells.

    • Functions only in neuronal transmission.

    • Does not have any hormone receptors on its cells.

    • Secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the gonads.

    • Inc1udes neurosecretory cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary.

    Correct Answer
    A. Inc1udes neurosecretory cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "includes neurosecretory cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary." The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including hormone production and release. It contains neurosecretory cells that produce hormones, such as oxytocin and vasopressin, which are then transported and released in the posterior pituitary gland. These hormones, in turn, regulate processes such as childbirth, lactation, and water balance. Therefore, the statement that the hypothalamus includes neurosecretory cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary is an accurate description of its function.

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  • 48. 

    Under which of the following conditions would a mammal tend to increase thyroxine levels?

    • Following childbirth in a female

    • During illness and fever

    • When blood glucose levels are high

    • During sleep and rest

    • When exposed to cold

    Correct Answer
    A. When exposed to cold
    Explanation
    When exposed to cold, a mammal tends to increase thyroxine levels. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland, and it plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism and maintaining body temperature. When the body is exposed to cold temperatures, it needs to generate more heat to keep warm. Increasing thyroxine levels helps to increase the metabolic rate, which in turn generates more heat and helps the mammal adapt to the cold environment.

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  • 49. 

    Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine activity?

    • The pituitary gland

    • Parathyroid glands

    • Salivary glands

    • The pancreas

    • Adrenal glands

    Correct Answer
    A. The pancreas
    Explanation
    The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine activity. It functions as an endocrine gland by producing and releasing hormones such as insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels. Additionally, it acts as an exocrine gland by producing enzymes that are released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 4, 2024 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 04, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • May 03, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Itsaliciayall8

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