Hormone In The Body Quiz

Explanation
Glucagons are hormones produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. These hormones work to increase the blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. This helps to provide the body with a quick source of energy when blood sugar levels are low. Therefore, the correct answer is that glucagons increase blood glucose levels.

Explanation
Somatotropin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in growth and development. It stimulates the growth of bones, muscles, and other tissues in the body. Additionally, somatotropin also promotes protein synthesis, which is the process by which cells build proteins. This is important for the growth and repair of tissues, as proteins are essential building blocks for cells. Therefore, the correct answer, "growth" and "increase protein synthesis," accurately describe the effects of somatotropin on the body.

Explanation
Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released into the bloodstream. Insulin acts on various cells in the body, allowing them to take up glucose and use it for energy. It also promotes the storage of glucose in the liver and muscles as glycogen. By facilitating glucose uptake and storage, insulin effectively decreases blood glucose levels, helping to maintain them within a normal range.

Explanation
Oxytocin is a hormone that is mainly responsible for two functions: uterine contraction and milk secretion. During childbirth, oxytocin is released to stimulate contractions of the uterus, aiding in the delivery of the baby. After childbirth, oxytocin also plays a role in milk letdown, which is the release of milk from the mammary glands to be available for breastfeeding. Therefore, both uterine contraction and milk secretion are correct functions of oxytocin.

Explanation
The correct answer is "regulate blood volume and blood pressure." Atrial NP, also known as atrial natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by the atria of the heart. It functions to regulate blood volume and blood pressure by promoting the excretion of sodium and water in the kidneys. This helps to reduce blood volume and lower blood pressure. Atrial NP also acts as a vasodilator, widening blood vessels and further contributing to the regulation of blood pressure. Overall, atrial NP plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis.

Explanation
T3 and T4 are hormones produced by the thyroid gland that play a crucial role in regulating metabolism. They increase oxidative metabolism, which refers to the process of converting nutrients into energy. Additionally, these hormones are involved in growth and maturation, influencing the development and functioning of various organs and tissues in the body. Moreover, T3 and T4 can also increase body temperature as a result of the increased metabolic activity.

Explanation
Calcitrol is a form of vitamin D that plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of calcium, meaning that more calcium is retained in the body rather than being excreted in urine. This helps to maintain adequate levels of calcium in the blood, which is important for various physiological processes such as bone health, muscle function, and nerve transmission. Therefore, the correct answer is that calcitrol increases calcium reabsorption.

Explanation
Testosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues, including the testes and prostate gland. It stimulates the production of sperm cells in the testes, a process known as sperm production. Testosterone is responsible for the maturation of sperm cells and also regulates their quantity and quality. Therefore, the correct answer is sperm production because testosterone directly influences and controls this essential reproductive function in males.

Explanation
Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body. It works by inhibiting bone breakdown and promoting calcium deposition in the bones, which ultimately leads to a decrease in blood calcium levels. Although it also has some effect on phosphate levels, the primary role of calcitonin is to lower blood calcium levels.

Explanation
Gastrin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating digestive functions. It is primarily produced in the stomach and stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, which aids in the breakdown of food. Gastrin also promotes the contraction of the stomach muscles, facilitating the movement of food through the digestive system. Additionally, it stimulates the release of enzymes and bile from the pancreas and gallbladder, respectively, further enhancing the digestive process. Overall, gastrin is essential for the proper functioning of digestion in the body.

Explanation
Erythropoietin is a hormone that is responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells. It is produced mainly by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the body. When oxygen levels are low, erythropoietin is released into the bloodstream and travels to the bone marrow where it promotes the production of red blood cells. These red blood cells are essential for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues and organs. Therefore, the correct answer is "Red Blood Cell production."

Explanation
Thymosins are a group of hormones that play a crucial role in the development and maturation of immune cells. They stimulate the maturation process of immune cells, such as T-cells, which are important for the body's immune response. By promoting the maturation of these cells, thymosins contribute to the proper functioning of the immune system and its ability to defend the body against pathogens and foreign substances.

Explanation
Plasma Epinephrine is a hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress or danger. It acts as a neurotransmitter and mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for action in response to a perceived threat. Epinephrine increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels, and increases blood sugar levels, among other effects. Therefore, the statement that Plasma Epinephrine mimics the sympathetic nervous system is accurate.

Explanation
The correct answer is "stimulates ovulation" because lutenizing hormone is responsible for triggering the release of an egg from the ovary during the menstrual cycle. It plays a crucial role in the reproductive system by stimulating the development of the ovarian follicles and the production of estrogen and progesterone. However, its primary function is to induce ovulation, making it the most appropriate explanation for the given answer.

Explanation
The zona fasiculata is a region in the adrenal cortex that produces glucocorticoids, with cortisol being the main glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids are involved in various metabolic processes, including gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This process is important in maintaining blood sugar levels during stress or fasting. Additionally, cortisol has immunosuppressive effects, meaning it can depress the immune system and reduce inflammation. This is beneficial in certain situations, such as controlling excessive immune responses or preventing tissue damage during stress.

Explanation
Parathormone is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands. Its main function is to regulate calcium levels in the blood. When blood calcium levels are low, parathormone is released to stimulate the release of calcium from bones, increase calcium absorption from the intestines, and decrease calcium excretion by the kidneys. This ultimately leads to an increase in blood calcium levels. Therefore, the statement "Parathormone increases blood calcium levels" is correct.

Explanation
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. It is responsible for controlling the body's internal clock, also known as the circadian rhythm. Melatonin levels increase in the evening, promoting sleepiness, and decrease in the morning, promoting wakefulness. By controlling the body's internal clock, melatonin helps to regulate various physiological processes, including sleep, hormone production, and body temperature.

Explanation
Secretin is a hormone produced in the small intestine that plays a role in the regulation of digestion. When secretin is released into the bloodstream, it stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice. This juice helps to neutralize the acidic chyme from the stomach as it enters the small intestine, creating a more favorable environment for digestion and absorption of nutrients. Therefore, it can be concluded that secretin stimulates the pancreas.

Explanation
Somatostatin is a hormone that inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon. Insulin is responsible for lowering blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, while glucagon raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. Therefore, somatostatin plays a regulatory role in maintaining blood sugar balance by inhibiting the release of both hormones.

Explanation
ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body. One of its main functions is to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, which helps to conserve water and prevent dehydration. Additionally, ADH also plays a role in regulating blood pressure by constricting blood vessels, which increases peripheral resistance and helps to maintain blood pressure levels. Therefore, the correct answer is "increase water reabsorption, regulation of blood pressure, patent vasoconstrictor."

Explanation
Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) is a hormone that stimulates the production of testosterone in males. Testosterone is a crucial hormone responsible for the development of male sexual characteristics and plays a vital role in sperm production, libido, and overall male reproductive health. Therefore, the correct answer is testosterone production, as ICSH directly influences and stimulates its production.

Explanation
The adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) is responsible for the release of steroid hormones, specifically glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids are a type of steroid hormone that play a key role in regulating various physiological processes in the body, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response. ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce and release glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, into the bloodstream. These glucocorticoids then exert their effects on target tissues throughout the body, helping to maintain homeostasis and respond to stressors. Therefore, the correct answer is the release of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids).

Explanation
Estrogen is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the maturation of ova, or eggs, in females. It stimulates the growth and development of the ovarian follicles, which contain the eggs. Estrogen also helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy. Without sufficient levels of estrogen, the ova may not fully mature, leading to fertility issues or irregular menstrual cycles. Therefore, the correct answer is "maturation of ova."

Explanation
The zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex that produces mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone. Aldosterone plays a crucial role in regulating sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. It acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephrons, promoting the reabsorption of sodium and water back into the bloodstream. This leads to an increase in blood volume and blood pressure. Additionally, aldosterone also stimulates the excretion of potassium ions, helping to maintain electrolyte balance in the body.

Explanation
The zona reticularis is a layer of the adrenal cortex that produces androgens and some estrogens. These hormones are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics and play a role in regulating reproduction.

Explanation
Thyrotropin, also known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in controlling the production and release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are important for regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body. Therefore, the statement "controls production and release of thyroid hormones" accurately describes the function of thyrotropin.

Explanation
Prolactin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in milk production. It is produced by the pituitary gland in response to the stimulation of the nipples during breastfeeding or pumping. Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands in the breasts to produce milk and helps in its secretion. This hormone also inhibits the release of other hormones that can interfere with milk production. Therefore, the presence of prolactin is essential for the production and maintenance of milk supply in lactating individuals.