What Do You Know About Hormones?

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. This includes regulating temperature, pH levels, and other physiological variables. Hormones play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by transmitting signals between various organs and systems in the body. They help regulate processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction, ensuring that the internal environment remains balanced and optimal for the body's functioning.

Melatonin is a hormone that is mainly produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It is derived from the amino acid tryptophan, which is converted into serotonin and then further converted into melatonin. Therefore, the correct answer is amino acid.

Cortisol is the correct answer because it is known as the stress control hormone. It is produced by the adrenal glands and helps the body respond to stress by regulating blood sugar levels, reducing inflammation, and suppressing the immune system. Cortisol is often referred to as the "fight or flight" hormone as it prepares the body to handle stressful situations.

Exocrine system hormones are the correct answer because they are secreted indirectly in ducts. Unlike endocrine system hormones, which are released directly into the bloodstream, exocrine system hormones are released into ducts that lead to specific target organs or tissues. These hormones play a role in various bodily functions such as digestion, lubrication, and sweat production. Prohormones and metahormones are not valid options as they are not commonly recognized terms in the context of hormone secretion.

Thyroxine is derived from amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and thyroxine is a hormone that is synthesized by the thyroid gland. The synthesis of thyroxine involves the incorporation of iodine into the amino acid tyrosine, resulting in the formation of thyroxine. Therefore, the correct answer is amino acid.

Testosterone is an example of a steroid because it is a hormone that is produced primarily in the testes in males and in smaller amounts in the ovaries in females. Steroids are a class of organic compounds that have a specific structure and function as hormones in the body. They play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including growth, development, and metabolism. Testosterone is particularly known for its role in the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics, such as muscle mass and body hair.

Steroids are derived from cholesterol. Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is found in cell membranes and is a precursor for the synthesis of various steroid hormones, such as cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone. These hormones play important roles in regulating various physiological processes in the body. Therefore, cholesterol serves as the starting point for the production of steroids.

Lipoxin is derived from lipids. Lipoxins are a type of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators that are derived from arachidonic acid, which is a type of fatty acid found in lipids. These lipids play a crucial role in resolving inflammation and promoting tissue repair. Lipoxins are involved in regulating the immune response and promoting the resolution of inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory molecules. Therefore, lipoxin is the correct answer as it is directly derived from lipids.

DR Hormones is the correct answer because it is the only option that refers to a specific type of hormone that secretes directly into the bloodstream. The other options, such as the Endocrine system and Exocrine system, are not hormones themselves but rather systems or processes related to hormone secretion. Prohormones, on the other hand, are inactive precursors that are converted into active hormones within the body, and therefore do not directly secrete into the bloodstream.

Steroids are a class of organic compounds that include many hormones, one of which is a plant hormone called brassinosteroid. Brassinosteroids play a crucial role in various plant growth and developmental processes, such as cell elongation, vascular differentiation, and stress responses. Therefore, the correct answer is Steroid.