European INFLuence The Pre-test

The correct answer is Greeks and Romans because both civilizations are considered classical civilizations of Europe. The Greeks and Romans had a significant impact on Western civilization, particularly in areas such as art, literature, philosophy, and political systems. They laid the foundation for many aspects of European culture and their contributions are still influential today. The other options, Mongols and Tibetans, Aztecs and Mayans, and Palestine and Ottomans, are not classical civilizations of Europe.

The bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death, was a devastating disease that spread across Europe in the mid-1300s. It was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which was transmitted through fleas that infested rats. The disease caused high fever, painful swelling of lymph nodes, and eventually death. It is estimated that the bubonic plague decimated approximately one-third of the population of Europe during this time, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history.

During the Middle Ages, knights were regarded as the defenders of the manor, the lord, and the country. They were known for their horse-riding skills, wearing armor, and wielding swords made of steel. The description perfectly fits the role and image of knights during that period.

Athens and Sparta are Greek city-states because they were both independent and self-governing political entities in ancient Greece. They had their own governments, laws, and military forces. Athens was known for its democracy and focus on education and culture, while Sparta was known for its militaristic society and emphasis on discipline and warfare. Both cities played significant roles in Greek history and were influential in shaping the development of Greek civilization.

Democracy was first established in Greece. Ancient Greece is widely considered the birthplace of democracy, with the city-state of Athens being the primary example. In Athens, citizens had the right to participate in decision-making processes and hold public office, making it a direct democracy. This system of government laid the foundation for democratic principles and influenced political systems around the world.

The correct answer is Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael. These three names are famous Renaissance artists who made significant contributions to art during the Renaissance period. Leonardo da Vinci was known for his iconic paintings such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Michelangelo is renowned for his sculptures, including the famous statue of David and his work on the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Raphael is recognized for his beautiful paintings, such as The School of Athens and The Transfiguration.

Socrates was a famous philosopher because he was known for his contributions to the field of philosophy. He is considered one of the founding figures of Western philosophy and is known for his Socratic method of questioning and his pursuit of knowledge and truth. Socrates' teachings and ideas have had a significant impact on the development of philosophy and continue to be studied and debated today.

Monarchy is the correct answer because it is a form of government where leaders, known as kings and queens, inherit their positions through noble birth. In a monarchy, the power is usually passed down within a ruling family, and the monarch holds the highest authority in the country. This type of government is different from democracy, fascism, and communism, as they have different methods of leadership selection and distribution of power.

Martin Luther is the correct answer because he is known for starting the Protestant Reformation. He famously nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517, which criticized the Catholic Church's practices and teachings. This act symbolized his break from the Catholic faith and sparked a movement that led to the establishment of Protestantism as a separate Christian denomination. David Beckham, Julius Caesar, and Martin Luther King Jr. are not associated with the Protestant Reformation.

The correct answer is France and America. France and America were both influenced to start revolutions after the ideas of the Enlightenment became popular. The ideas of natural rights and the pursuit of life, liberty, and property from philosophers like John Locke inspired the French Revolution in 1789 and the American Revolution in 1775. These revolutions sought to overthrow oppressive governments and establish democratic systems based on the principles of the Enlightenment.