Er Reproduction Part 5: Postpartum Emergencies
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Retained placenta can predispose to ______.
- A.
Metritis
- B.
Dystocia
- C.
Toxemia
- D.
Postpartum depression
Correct Answer
A. MetritisExplanation
Retained placenta refers to the condition where the placenta does not detach from the uterus after childbirth. This can lead to the accumulation of bacteria in the uterus, causing inflammation and infection known as metritis. Therefore, retained placenta can predispose to metritis.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Select the signs of retained placenta.
- A.
Foul smelling discharge
- B.
Fever
- C.
Vomiting
- D.
Anorexia
- E.
Lethargy
- F.
Toxemia
- G.
Possible death
- H.
Funny how there's no mention of the placenta still being there.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Foul smelling discharge
B. Fever
C. Vomiting
D. Anorexia
E. Lethargy
F. Toxemia
G. Possible deathExplanation
The signs of retained placenta include foul smelling discharge, fever, vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, toxemia, and possible death. These symptoms indicate that the placenta has not been fully expelled from the uterus after childbirth. It is important to seek medical attention if these signs are present to prevent complications and ensure proper postpartum care.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What do the treatments of dystocia and retained placenta have in common?
- A.
Ecobolic agents
- B.
Surgical intervention ASAP
- C.
Systemic disease treatment
- D.
Shock treatment
Correct Answer
A. Ecobolic agentsExplanation
The treatments of dystocia and retained placenta have in common the use of ecobolic agents. Ecobolic agents are medications that are used to induce or enhance uterine contractions, which can help in the expulsion of the fetus or placenta. In both cases, the goal is to stimulate the uterus to contract and expel the retained material. Therefore, the use of ecobolic agents is a common approach in treating both dystocia and retained placenta.Rate this question:
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- 4.
_____ is a bacterial uterine infection that develops immediately after parturition and occasionally after abortion/non-sterile insemination.
- A.
Metritis
- B.
Dystocia
- C.
Retained placenta
- D.
Pyometra
Correct Answer
A. MetritisExplanation
Metritis is a bacterial uterine infection that can occur right after giving birth or sometimes after an abortion or non-sterile insemination. It is characterized by inflammation of the uterus and can cause symptoms such as fever, foul-smelling discharge, and uterine pain. Prompt treatment is necessary to prevent complications and ensure a full recovery.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What can we say about the signs and symptoms of metritis?
- A.
Pretty much the same as retained placenta
- B.
Just an infected uterus
- C.
Puppies die during parturition
- D.
Low WBC count
Correct Answer
A. Pretty much the same as retained placentaExplanation
This answer suggests that the signs and symptoms of metritis are similar to those of retained placenta. It implies that both conditions may present similar clinical manifestations, indicating that the uterus may be infected in both cases. However, it does not provide any information about other possible signs or symptoms of metritis, such as fever, foul-smelling discharge, or abdominal pain.Rate this question:
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- 6.
______ is recommended for the treatment of metritis.
- A.
Ovariohysterectomy
- B.
Hysterectomy
- C.
Prostaglandin
- D.
Dextrose
Correct Answer
A. OvariohysterectomyExplanation
Ovariohysterectomy is recommended for the treatment of metritis. This procedure involves the removal of both the ovaries and the uterus, which helps to eliminate the source of infection and inflammation in the reproductive tract. By removing the reproductive organs, the risk of recurrence or complications associated with metritis is significantly reduced. Additionally, ovariohysterectomy also prevents future reproductive issues such as pyometra, which is a life-threatening condition. Therefore, this surgical intervention is considered the most effective and commonly recommended treatment for metritis.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Postpartum hemorrhage is caused by the rupture of _______, uterine rupture, bleeding from _____sites or coagulation disorders.
- A.
Uterine vessels, placental
- B.
Uterine horns, placental
- C.
Uterine horns, vaginal
- D.
Uterine horns, uterine
Correct Answer
A. Uterine vessels, placentalExplanation
Postpartum hemorrhage is caused by the rupture of uterine vessels and bleeding from placental sites. The uterine vessels are responsible for supplying blood to the uterus during pregnancy, and if they rupture, it can lead to excessive bleeding. Additionally, bleeding from the placental sites can occur if the placenta does not detach properly from the uterine wall after delivery. Both of these factors contribute to postpartum hemorrhage, which is a potentially life-threatening condition if not managed promptly.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Transfusion may be necessary to treat postpartum hemorrhage.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Transfusion may be necessary to treat postpartum hemorrhage because this condition involves excessive bleeding after childbirth, which can lead to severe blood loss. Transfusions provide the patient with additional blood to replenish the lost volume and restore their blood pressure and oxygen levels. This intervention is often crucial in managing postpartum hemorrhage and preventing complications such as organ failure or even death. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 9.
IV fluid therapy is used in postpartum hemorrhage to treat _____.
- A.
Shock and fluid loss
- B.
Shock
- C.
Fluid loss
- D.
Thirst
Correct Answer
A. Shock and fluid lossExplanation
IV fluid therapy is used in postpartum hemorrhage to treat shock and fluid loss. Postpartum hemorrhage is a condition where there is excessive bleeding after childbirth. This can lead to a decrease in blood volume, causing shock. IV fluid therapy helps to replenish the lost fluids and restore blood volume, preventing further complications and stabilizing the patient. Additionally, the fluids also help to maintain hydration and prevent dehydration, which can occur due to the excessive blood loss.Rate this question:
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- 10.
When does mastitis occur?
- A.
Upon lactation
- B.
It coinciides with retained placenta
- C.
If still-birth occurs
- D.
When you don't keep your herd clean. Shame on you.
Correct Answer
A. Upon lactationExplanation
Mastitis occurs upon lactation because it is an inflammation of the mammary gland, typically caused by bacterial infection. During lactation, the mammary gland is actively producing and secreting milk, making it more susceptible to infection. This can happen when bacteria enters the teat canal, either from unclean milking equipment or poor hygiene practices. Therefore, mastitis is commonly associated with the lactation period in dairy animals.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Select the options involved in treating mild mastitis.
- A.
Antibiotics
- B.
Warm compresses
- C.
Milking out affected glands daily
- D.
Anti-inflammatories
- E.
IV fluids
Correct Answer(s)
A. Antibiotics
B. Warm compresses
C. Milking out affected glands dailyExplanation
The options involved in treating mild mastitis are antibiotics, warm compresses, and milking out affected glands daily. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to treat mastitis as they help to fight off the infection. Warm compresses can help to relieve pain and reduce inflammation in the affected area. Milking out the affected glands daily helps to remove the milk and bacteria, promoting healing and preventing further infection.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Severe mastitis exhibits........
- A.
Abscessed or necrotic gland
- B.
Enlarged gland
- C.
Hard and painful gland
- D.
Very high levels of WBC in the California mastitis test
Correct Answer
A. Abscessed or necrotic glandExplanation
Severe mastitis exhibits an abscessed or necrotic gland. This means that the gland affected by mastitis may develop an abscess, which is a localized collection of pus, or it may undergo necrosis, which is the death of the glandular tissue. These conditions are indicative of a severe and advanced stage of mastitis, characterized by inflammation, infection, and tissue damage in the affected gland.Rate this question:
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- 13.
_____ is characterized by the loss of calcium through lactation which exceeds the absorption from the gut and the mobilization from bones.
- A.
Eclampsia
- B.
Postparturient hypercalcemia
- C.
Hypocalemia
- D.
Milk fever
Correct Answer
A. EclampsiaExplanation
Eclampsia is characterized by the loss of calcium through lactation, which exceeds the absorption from the gut and the mobilization from bones. This condition typically occurs in postpartum women and can lead to seizures, muscle spasms, and other neurological symptoms. It is caused by a deficiency of calcium in the body, which is necessary for proper muscle and nerve function.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Select the signs of eclampsia.
- A.
Restlessness/panting/pacing
- B.
Whining
- C.
Salivation
- D.
Tremors/muscle spasms
- E.
Tachycardia/brick red MM
- F.
Stiffness
- G.
Contracting pupils
- H.
Seizures
- I.
Death
Correct Answer(s)
A. Restlessness/panting/pacing
B. Whining
C. Salivation
D. Tremors/muscle spasms
E. Tachycardia/brick red MM
F. Stiffness
G. Contracting pupils
H. Seizures
I. DeathExplanation
Eclampsia is a serious condition that can occur in female dogs after giving birth. The signs listed in the answer are all potential signs of eclampsia. Restlessness, panting, pacing, whining, salivation, tremors, muscle spasms, tachycardia (rapid heart rate) with brick red MM (mucous membranes), stiffness, contracting pupils, seizures, and even death can all be seen in dogs with eclampsia. These signs indicate a medical emergency and immediate veterinary attention is necessary.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Oral calcium should be used before whelping to prevent eclampsia.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
AVOID AVOID AVOID before whelping.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Uterine prolaps occurs within the first ______ hours postpartum.
- A.
48
- B.
24
- C.
12
- D.
30
Correct Answer
A. 48Explanation
Uterine prolapse refers to the downward displacement of the uterus into the vaginal canal. It can occur after childbirth due to the weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments. The correct answer of 48 hours postpartum suggests that uterine prolapse is more likely to occur within the first 48 hours after giving birth. This is because the uterus is still enlarged and heavy during this time, and the pelvic floor muscles may not have fully recovered. After 48 hours, the uterus begins to involute and return to its pre-pregnancy size, reducing the risk of prolapse.Rate this question:
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