Diversity In Living Organisms

Cilia are tiny hair-like projections found on the surface of a paramecium's cell. These cilia beat in coordinated waves, allowing the paramecium to move through its environment. They also help to create a current that sweeps food particles into the paramecium's oral cavity, where they can be ingested and digested. Therefore, cilia are the correct name for these locomotory organelles.

Carolus Linnaeus introduced the system of binomial nomenclature for organisms. This system, also known as the Linnaean system, assigns a unique two-part name to each organism, consisting of the genus name and the species name. Linnaeus is considered the father of modern taxonomy and his work laid the foundation for the International Code of Biological Nomenclature, which provides the rules and guidelines for naming organisms in a standardized and universally accepted manner.

Angiosperms, or flowering plants, have seeds that are covered with coats and are found within fruits. This is a distinguishing feature of angiosperms, as opposed to gymnosperms, which have naked seeds. The fruit acts as a protective covering for the seed and aids in dispersal. This adaptation allows angiosperms to have a wider range of habitats and increases their chances of successful reproduction.

Both fungus and algae are placed under the same division "Thallophyta" because the plant body in both organisms is not differentiated into root, stem, and leaves. This means that both fungus and algae have a simple, undifferentiated structure without specialized organs for absorption, support, and photosynthesis. This similarity in the organization of their plant body is the reason why they are grouped together under the division "Thallophyta".

The correct answer is the presence of notochord. The notochord is a flexible rod-like structure that provides support and acts as a precursor to the backbone in chordates. It is found in all chordates at some stage of their development, although it may be replaced by the vertebral column in vertebrates. The presence of a notochord is a defining characteristic of chordates and distinguishes them from other animal phyla.

Arthropoda and Mollusca have an open circulatory system. An open circulatory system is a type of circulatory system in which the blood or hemolymph is not enclosed in blood vessels and directly bathes the organs and tissues. Arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans, have a tubular heart that pumps hemolymph into the body cavity, where it comes into direct contact with organs and tissues. Mollusks, such as snails and clams, also have an open circulatory system where the heart pumps hemolymph into the body cavity, bathing the organs and tissues. Annelida and Cnidaria, on the other hand, have a closed circulatory system where the blood is enclosed in blood vessels.

Student S has labeled the parts correctly. In a hydra, A refers to tentacles, B refers to the mouth, C refers to the young hydra, D refers to the bud, and E refers to the gastrodermis. Student S has correctly identified each part according to its function and location in the hydra.

Animal I possesses a water vascular system.

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The statement "fishes, amphibians and reptiles are oviparous" is incorrect. While it is true that many fishes, amphibians, and reptiles are oviparous (lay eggs), there are exceptions to this rule. Some species of fishes, such as certain species of sharks and rays, give birth to live young. Similarly, some amphibians and reptiles, such as certain species of frogs and snakes, also give birth to live young instead of laying eggs. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that all fishes, amphibians, and reptiles are oviparous.

While habitat preference can influence an organism's traits, it's not a primary factor in scientific classification. Mode of nutrition (how an organism obtains food), body symmetry (arrangement of body parts), and cellular structure (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) are fundamental characteristics used to categorize organisms into different groups.

The correct answer describes Spirogyra as filamentous, meaning it forms long, thread-like structures. It also mentions the presence of cytoplasmic strands, which are characteristic of Spirogyra and help in the movement of cytoplasm within the cell. Additionally, it states the presence of pyrenoids, which are organelles involved in the storage of starch in Spirogyra cells. These characteristics accurately describe Spirogyra and differentiate it from the other options provided.

The correct answer is "They have three chambered heart." Reptiles actually have a four-chambered heart, which is a characteristic that distinguishes them from amphibians. Reptiles have a more advanced circulatory system compared to amphibians, allowing for better separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

The correct answer is unicellular eukaryotic organisms. This means that the kingdom to which the mushroom belongs consists of single-celled organisms that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The term "unicellular" refers to the fact that these organisms are made up of a single cell, while "eukaryotic" indicates that their cells have a nucleus. This distinguishes them from prokaryotic organisms, which lack a nucleus. The term "autotrophic" refers to organisms that can produce their own food, which is not applicable to mushrooms.

The ability to live in water is the adaptation that differentiates the frog from the fish. While both frogs and fish are aquatic creatures, frogs have the unique ability to also live on land. This adaptation allows frogs to survive in a variety of habitats, including both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Fish, on the other hand, are strictly aquatic and cannot survive out of water. Therefore, the ability to live in water also is a distinguishing characteristic of frogs.