Diseases Of The Blood Vessels And Heart

Chronic ischemic heart diase will result in pump failure

• True

• False

Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the US population 

• True

• False

Which of the following is a clinical syndrome of ischemic heart disease? A. Angina pectoris B. Sudden cardiac death C. Chronic ischemic heart disease D. Acute myocardial infarction

• All of the above

• None of the above

• 3 of the above

• 2 of the above

 What are the principle mechanisms that causes vascular disease? A. Narrowing or complete occlusion of the vessel lumen B. Weakness of the blood vessel wall C. Damage to the adventitia D. Damage to the small arteries that prevents proper vasoconstriction and vasodilation   

• A and B

• A, B and C

• ALL the choices

• None of the choices

What are examples of clinical signs during a hypertensive emergency? A. Funduscopic changes   B. Increased intracranial pressure C. Confusion D. Heart Failure

• All of the above

• Three of the above

• Two of the above

• One of the above

 Which of the following statements if FALSE regarding varicose veins? A. More common to occur on the lower extermities of a patient. B. Due to an inflammatory condition of the blood vessel wall C. Complications resulting from it include: edema, ulcers and stasis dermatitis

• A

• B

• C

• B and C only

• All of the above

Select the false statements: A. Blood pressure = cardiac output x blood volume B. Cardiac output is affected by blood volume and Na concentration C.  Peripheral resistance is not affected by neural and hormonal inputs, only blood volume and Na concentration. D. Steroids and Decongestants can cause or contribute to hypertension E. Among the lab exams you would order regarding diagnosis of hypertension are serum potassium and creatinine

• A,C

• A,E

• C,D

• A,D,E

• C,D,E

Which of the following is the correct definition for a false aneurysms? A.  It involves all Three layers of the arterial wall. B. Breach in the vascular wall leading to an extravascular hematoma C. Blood enters the wall of the artery

• A

• B

• C

• A,B only

• B and C only

Which of the following would be considered reasonable medications to prescibe for hypertension? A. ARB's B. ACE inhibitors C. Calcium Channel blockers D. Albuterol E. Macrolide

• B,C

• A,B,C

• A,B,D

• C,D,E

• A,B,C,D

Identify the true statements A. Ischemic heart disease is an imbalance of oxygen supply to meet the muscle demand in the heart B. The most rare type of congenital heart disease is a left to right shunt C. Cor Pulmonale is an example of right-sided heart failure D. Patients with a mitral valve prolapse are at increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias

• All of the above are true

• None of the above are true

• A,B only

• B,C only

• C,D only

• A,C,D only

Which of the following statements regarding Right to left shunt congenital heart disease is FALSE? A. It is a cyanotic heart disease B. Poorly oxygentated blood from right side mixes with left side oxygenated blood. C. Examples are ASD, VSD, PDA

• A

• B

• C

• A, B only

• B and C only

• All of the above

Hypertensive heart disease is _______ enlargement due to _________ and no other cause

 Which of the following statements regarding left-sided heart failure is FALSE? A. Causes include systemic hypertension and diseases of the myocardium B. Signs include rales at the lung bases C. Results in decrease blood flow to the kidney D. The most common cause is right-sided heart failure  

• A

• B

• C

• D

• B and D only

• C and D only

What is the first step in teh pathogenesis of atherosclerosis? A. Platelet adhesion B. SMC proliferation C. Lipoprotein accumulation D. Endothelial injury E. Lipid accumulation  

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Which of the following pairs are complications of atherosclerosis? A. Occlusion and Calcification B. Occlusion and Spasm C. Aneurysm formation and Ulceration D. Dilation and Ulceration E. Dilation and Calcification  

• A,B,C

• C,D,E

• A,B

• D,E

Which of the following statements is true? A. The usual cause of sudden cardiac death is an arrhythmia B. Sudden cardiac death hHas been see in world class atheletes C. Telangiectasias are common in obsese individuals with a history of diabetes D. Rheumatic Valvular disease is most often seen in children 5-15 years

• All of the above statements are true

• None of the above statements are true

• A and B only

• A and C only

• A,B,D only

• A,C,D only

What vessel leads to easy penetration of tumors and inflammatory processes? A. Capillaries B. Venules C. Lymphatics  

• A

• B

• C

• B and C only

• All the above

During a hypertensive emergency, what symptoms may be reported? A. HA (headache) B. Malaise C. Increased urination D. Blurred vision

• A,B

• A,D

• A,B,C

• B,C,D

• A,B,D

• All of the above

Which of the following may be a cause of heart murmurs? A. Metabolic rate B. Congenital abnormalities C. Vessel stenosis

• A

• B

• C

• B and C

• All of the above

Which of the following statements pretain to thrombophlebitis? A. Inflammation of the lymph system from infection B. Accumulation of interstitial fluid due to obstruction C. Venous thrombosis and inflammation E. Signs include: heat, tenderness and Homan's sign D. Patient may show no signs

• A,C

• C,E

• C,E,D

• A,C,D

• B,E,D

Which of the following is a cause of ischemic heart disease? A. Diminished oxygen carrying capacity B. CO poisoning C. Hypertension D. A reduction in Coronary artery blood flow E. Stroke

• A,D

• B,C

• A,B,C,D

• B,C,D,E

• All of the above

Congestive heart failure is a clinical syndrome with ________ cardiac output to the level that it cannot keep pace with the venous return leading to __________.

Which of the following statements regarding right sided heart failure is FALSE? A. Signs include ascites and pleural effusion B. The most common cause is left sided heart failure C. The examiner will appreciate a mid-systolic click upon auscultation D. Symptoms include very few respiratory symptoms

• A

• B

• C

• D

• A and B only

• C and D only

Which of the following is NOT associated with a symptom of angina pectoris? A. Dyspnea B. Substernal chest pain C. Vomiting D. Relief by oxygen and nitroglycerin E. Radiation to the epigastrium

• None of the above are true

• A and C only

• C and D only

• B and C only

• B and E only

• All of the above

 What statements are true regarding congenital hemangiomas? A. Most commonly found on skin and mucus membranes B. They can be described as a "wad" of capillaries C. They are an abnormal dilation of pre-existing small vessels in the skin

• A

• B

• C

• A and B only

• B and C only

• All of the above

Which of the following will NOT be credible evidence in the diagnosis of Rheumatic fever? A. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate B. Serological evidence of previous streptococcal infection C. 2 or more major criteria from the Jones criteria D. An X-ray exhibiting a patchy distribution in the right upper lobe.

• None of the Above

• All of the above

• A and B only

• A and C only

• A and D only

• C and D only