Clinical Cardiovascular System Quiz

The prefix "cardio" is derived from the Greek word "kardia," which means "heart." Therefore, when we encounter the prefix "cardio" in medical terms, it usually refers to something related to the heart.

The prefix "hema" or "hemo" is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to blood. It is derived from the Greek word "haima" which means blood. This prefix is often used in words related to blood components, diseases, and medical procedures involving blood. Therefore, the correct answer is blood.

The left upper chamber of the heart is called the left atrium. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle, which then pumps the blood to the rest of the body. The left atrium is an important part of the heart's structure and function in maintaining circulation.

The left lower chamber of the heart is called the left ventricle. It is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart, as it needs to generate enough force to push blood throughout the body's systemic circulation.

The name of the upper right chamber of the heart is the right atrium. It receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava and then pumps it into the right ventricle.

The lower right chamber of the heart is called the right ventricle. It is responsible for pumping oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs to be oxygenated. The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and contracts to push the blood out through the pulmonary artery. The right septum, right atrium, and right subclavian are not correct answers as they do not refer to the specific chamber in question.

Bradycardia is a pathology that relates to the heart rate being less than 50 beats per minute. It is a condition where the heart beats at a slower rate than normal, which can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, and fainting. This can be caused by various factors, including certain medications, heart diseases, and abnormalities in the heart's electrical system. Treatment options for bradycardia may include medication, pacemaker implantation, or addressing the underlying cause of the condition.

The correct answer is 4 because the human heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The atria receive blood from the body and lungs, while the ventricles pump blood out to the body and lungs. This division of chambers allows for efficient circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood throughout the body.

The two uppermost chambers of the heart are called the atria or atrium. These chambers receive blood from the veins and then contract to pump the blood into the lower chambers of the heart, known as the ventricles. The atria play a crucial role in the circulation of blood, as they help to ensure that blood flows in the correct direction and is efficiently pumped throughout the body.

The correct answer is the radial artery. The pulse is commonly checked at the radial artery because it is easily accessible and located on the wrist, making it convenient for healthcare professionals to assess the heart rate. The radial artery is also a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the hand, making it an ideal site for measuring the pulse.

A sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope are used to measure the blood pressure. A sphygmomanometer is the device used to inflate and deflate the cuff around the upper arm, while the stethoscope is used to listen to the sounds of blood flow in the arteries. By using these two tools together, healthcare professionals can determine both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings, which provide important information about a person's cardiovascular health.

The term for the muscular middle layer of the heart is the myocardium. It is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the heart, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body. The myocardium is composed of specialized cardiac muscle cells that are capable of generating and conducting electrical impulses, ensuring the coordinated contraction of the heart chambers.

Capillaries are the vessels that connect arterioles and venules. They are the smallest blood vessels in the body and play a crucial role in the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues. Capillaries have thin walls that allow for easy diffusion of substances, making them essential for maintaining proper circulation and delivering oxygen to all cells in the body.

Red blood cells are made in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue found inside the bones. It is responsible for producing red blood cells, along with other blood cells like white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells are essential for carrying oxygen to different parts of the body. The bone marrow continuously produces new red blood cells to replace old or damaged ones, ensuring a constant supply in the bloodstream.

Dysrhythmias refer to abnormal rhythms or rates of the heartbeat. This can include irregular heartbeats, fast heartbeats (tachycardia), or slow heartbeats (bradycardia). Hypertension, coronary heart disease, and peripheral artery disease are all conditions that can affect the heart, but they do not specifically refer to abnormal heart rhythms. Therefore, the correct answer is dysrhythmias.

The correct path of blood flow through the heart starts with the vena cava, which carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium. From there, the blood moves into the right ventricle and then into the pulmonary artery, which takes the blood to the lungs to be oxygenated. After oxygenation, the blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium. It then passes into the left ventricle, which pumps the oxygenated blood out of the heart and into the aorta, the main artery that distributes oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

The largest circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and through the aorta to the body is referred to as systemic circulation. This circulation is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to all the tissues and organs in the body, while also removing waste products.

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are responsible for carrying oxygen to body cells. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to the tissues throughout the body. Erythrocytes are the most abundant type of blood cell and are crucial for maintaining oxygen levels and supporting cellular respiration.

Coronary heart disease is the most common form of heart disease and is caused by plaque build up inside the arteries, which restricts blood flow. Plaque is made up of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, this build up can narrow the arteries and reduce the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. This can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, heart attacks, and other serious complications. Managing risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking can help prevent and manage coronary heart disease.

The prefix "vena" is derived from the Latin word for "vein." Therefore, it refers to veins, which are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

The correct answer is valves. The valves of the heart are located at the entrance and exit of the ventricles. These valves, known as the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, ensure that blood flows in the correct direction through the heart. The atrioventricular valves, consisting of the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve, separate the atria from the ventricles. The semilunar valves, including the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve, are located at the exit of the ventricles, preventing the backflow of blood into the ventricles.

The correct answer is that coronary circulation occurs in the heart, while pulmonary circulation occurs in the heart and lungs. Coronary circulation refers to the circulation of blood within the heart itself, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the cardiac muscle. On the other hand, pulmonary circulation involves the flow of blood between the heart and the lungs, where oxygen is added to the blood and carbon dioxide is removed. Therefore, the key difference between the two is the involvement of the lungs in pulmonary circulation.

Anemia is a condition characterized by a lower than normal level of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues, so a decrease in its levels can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Anemia can be caused by various factors, including iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, chronic diseases, and genetic disorders. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include iron supplements, dietary changes, or medication.

The two main chambers of the heart are called ventricles. The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart and are responsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body. They have thicker walls compared to the atria, which are the upper chambers of the heart. The ventricles receive blood from the atria and then contract to pump it out to the lungs and the rest of the body.

The prefix "thrombo" is derived from the Greek word "thrombos," which means blood clot. Therefore, when we encounter the prefix "thrombo" in medical terminology, it usually indicates a relation to blood clotting or blood clots. This association is consistent with the correct answer, "blood clot."

Veins are the correct answer because they are the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. After oxygen has been delivered to the body's tissues, the deoxygenated blood is collected by the veins and transported back to the heart. Veins have valves that prevent the backward flow of blood and help in the efficient return of blood to the heart.

Veins and arteries have different functions in the circulatory system. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This is because oxygenated blood is pumped out of the heart through the arteries to supply oxygen to the body, and deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart through the veins to be reoxygenated. Therefore, the correct answer is "arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart & veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart."

Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They have thick, elastic walls that allow them to withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped by the heart. Arteries branch out into smaller vessels called arterioles, which eventually lead to capillaries where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with tissues. Veins, on the other hand, carry blood back to the heart, while capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where the exchange of substances between blood and tissues occurs. Therefore, arteries are the correct answer in this case.

Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are responsible for fighting off infections and foreign materials in the body. They play a crucial role in the immune system by identifying and destroying pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. Unlike erythrocytes (red blood cells) which primarily carry oxygen, and thrombocytes (platelets) which aid in blood clotting, leukocytes are specifically designed to combat infections and protect the body from harmful invaders. Therefore, the correct answer is leukocytes.

The smooth layer of cells that line the inside of the heart is called the endocardium. It is responsible for providing a protective lining for the heart chambers and valves, ensuring smooth blood flow and preventing clot formation. The endocardium also plays a role in regulating the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle. Unlike the myocardium, which is the muscular middle layer of the heart, the endocardium is composed of a thin layer of endothelial cells. The pericardium is the outermost layer of the heart, while pseudocardium is not a recognized term in anatomy.

An angioma is a type of tumor that forms in the blood vessels. It is a benign growth that can occur in various parts of the body, including the skin, organs, and brain. Angiomas are typically red or purple in color and may appear as small, raised bumps or flat patches. They are caused by an abnormal overgrowth of blood vessels and are usually harmless, although they can sometimes cause symptoms or complications depending on their location and size.

The pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood. This is because they transport blood from the lungs, where oxygen is added to the blood, back to the heart. The other veins listed in the options, such as superior veins, femoral veins, subclavian veins, and aortic veins, carry deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body back to the heart.

Muscle tissue is primarily responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. The heart is made up of cardiac muscle tissue, which contracts and relaxes to pump blood. This type of muscle tissue is specialized and has the ability to generate its own electrical impulses, allowing it to contract rhythmically and pump blood effectively. Epithelial tissue covers and protects the surfaces of organs, connective tissue supports and connects different structures, and nervous tissue transmits signals throughout the body. However, it is the muscle tissue in the heart that is specifically designed for the pumping action required to circulate blood.

Venipuncture is the correct answer because it refers to the process of removing blood from a vein. It involves puncturing a vein with a needle to collect a blood sample or administer medication. Embolism refers to a blockage in a blood vessel, fibrillation is an abnormal heart rhythm, and angioplasty is a procedure to open blocked or narrowed blood vessels.

The term for the double-layered membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart is called the pericardium. The pericardium provides protection and support to the heart, preventing it from rubbing against other organs or structures in the chest cavity. It also helps to contain and lubricate the heart, allowing it to beat smoothly within the chest.

The correct answer is the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It controls the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, allowing blood to be pumped to the lungs for oxygenation.

The average adult heart beats around 60 to 100 times per minute at rest. This means that in a day, the heart beats approximately 86,400 to 144,000 times. Therefore, the closest option to this range is 100,000, making it the correct answer.

The valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta is called the aortic valve. This valve allows blood to flow from the left ventricle into the aorta, which is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The aortic valve opens and closes to ensure that blood flows in one direction, preventing any backflow into the left ventricle.

Phlebitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the wall of a vein. Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. Deep vein thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, while epitaxis refers to nosebleeds.

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Their main function is to facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues. Specifically, capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen from the artery to the surrounding tissues, while simultaneously allowing for the exchange of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the vein. This process is essential for maintaining proper oxygenation and removal of waste products in the body's tissues.

The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the tricuspid valve. This valve consists of three leaflets and prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during ventricular contraction. It opens during atrial contraction to allow blood to flow into the right ventricle and closes during ventricular contraction to prevent regurgitation. The tricuspid valve is essential for maintaining the proper flow of blood through the heart.

Thrombocytes are blood cells that help in the process of blood clotting. They are responsible for forming clots to prevent excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues. Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are part of the immune system and help in fighting infections. Therefore, the correct answer is Thrombocytes because they specifically aid in blood clotting.

Angioplasty is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical repair of a blood vessel. It is a procedure used to widen narrowed or blocked blood vessels, typically caused by the buildup of plaque. During angioplasty, a small balloon is inserted into the blood vessel and inflated to open up the narrowed area. This allows for improved blood flow and can help alleviate symptoms such as chest pain or shortness of breath. Arteriotomy, angioma, and angiostenosis are not related to the surgical repair of blood vessels.

An embolism refers to the occurrence when a blood clot blocks or obstructs a blood vessel. This can happen when a clot forms in one part of the body and then travels through the bloodstream, eventually getting stuck in a narrower blood vessel. The obstruction can disrupt the normal flow of blood and potentially lead to serious health complications depending on the size and location of the clot.

The prefix "ventricu" is derived from the Latin word "ventriculus" which means "a small cavity." In medical terminology, it is used to refer to the heart cavities, specifically the two lower chambers of the heart called the ventricles. These ventricles are responsible for pumping blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "heart cavity."

The prefix "phleb" is derived from the Greek word "phlebos" which means vein. Therefore, the correct answer is vein.

The prefix "vaso" is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to blood vessels. It is derived from the Latin word "vas" which means vessel. Therefore, the correct answer is blood vessel.

The prefix "angio" is derived from the Greek word "angeion" which means "vessel". In medical terminology, the prefix "angio" is commonly used to refer to blood vessels, such as arteries, veins, and capillaries. Therefore, the correct answer is "vessel".