Medical Terminology -- Cardiovascular System
Med. Term. 2 Final Study --
In Chabner: The Language of Medicine
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Sensitive tissue in the right atrium wall that begins the heartbeat
- A.
Tricuspid valve
- B.
Atrioventricular node
- C.
Bundle of His
- D.
Epicardium
- E.
Sinoatrial node
Correct Answer
E. Sinoatrial nodeExplanation
The sinoatrial (SA) node is a sensitive tissue located in the right atrium wall that initiates the heartbeat. It is often referred to as the "natural pacemaker" of the heart. The SA node generates electrical impulses that stimulate the contraction of the atria, causing them to contract and pump blood into the ventricles. These impulses then travel to the atrioventricular (AV) node, which acts as a relay station, sending the signals to the ventricles through the Bundle of His. Therefore, the SA node is responsible for initiating the heartbeat and setting the pace for the rest of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Ischemia
- A.
Can lead to myocardial infarction
- B.
Blood is held back from an area
- C.
Can be caused by thrombotic occlusion of a blood vessel
- D.
May be a result of coronary artery disease
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
Ischemia refers to a condition where blood flow to a specific area of the body is restricted, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients. In the case of the heart, ischemia can result in a myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack. This restriction of blood flow can be caused by various factors, including thrombotic occlusion of a blood vessel and coronary artery disease. Therefore, all of the options mentioned in the question can lead to ischemia.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A local widening of an artery
- A.
Thrombosis
- B.
Infarction
- C.
Arterial anastomosis
- D.
Aortic stenosis
- E.
Aneurysm
Correct Answer
E. AneurysmExplanation
An aneurysm refers to a local widening or bulging of an artery. It occurs when the walls of the blood vessel weaken and become stretched, causing the artery to balloon out. This can be a result of various factors such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, or trauma. Aneurysms can occur in different parts of the body, including the brain, aorta, or peripheral arteries. If left untreated, an aneurysm can rupture, leading to severe bleeding and potentially life-threatening complications. Therefore, early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent further complications.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Bluish coloration of the skin (Proper Spelling)
- A.
Cianosis
- B.
Cyanosis
- C.
Cyianosis
- D.
Cyainosis
Correct Answer
B. CyanosisExplanation
Cyanosis is the correct spelling for the bluish coloration of the skin. It is a medical condition caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood or a problem with the circulation. When the oxygen levels in the blood are low, the skin and mucous membranes can appear bluish in color. This can be a sign of underlying health issues such as heart or lung problems.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Traveling clot that suddenly blocks a blood vessel (Proper Spelling)
- A.
Embulus
- B.
Embulos
- C.
Embolus
- D.
Emboulus
- E.
Embolous
Correct Answer
C. EmbolusExplanation
An embolus is a traveling clot that suddenly blocks a blood vessel. The other options (embulus, embulos, emboulus, embolous) are misspelled variations of the correct term.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Petechiae
- A.
Vegetations
- B.
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages
- C.
Dilation of large vessels
- D.
Defects, or holes in heart septa
- E.
Small hemorrhoids
Correct Answer
B. Small, pinpoint hemorrhagesExplanation
The term "petechiae" refers to small, pinpoint hemorrhages that occur under the skin. These hemorrhages are typically caused by the rupture of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Petechiae can be a symptom of various medical conditions, such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications. They often appear as red or purple spots on the skin and may be a sign of bleeding or clotting disorders. Therefore, the correct answer is "small, pinpoint hemorrhages."Rate this question:
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- 7.
Located between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart
- A.
Mitral valve
- B.
Tricuspid valve
- C.
Aortic valve
- D.
Pulmonary valve
- E.
Superior vena cava
Correct Answer
A. Mitral valveExplanation
The mitral valve is located between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart. It acts as a one-way gate, allowing blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle and preventing backflow. When the left atrium contracts, the mitral valve opens, allowing blood to flow into the left ventricle. When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes, preventing blood from flowing back into the left atrium. This ensures that blood is pumped efficiently from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Disease of heart muscle
- A.
Cardiomegaly
- B.
Endocarditis
- C.
Arteriolitis
- D.
Cardiomyopathy
- E.
Aortic stenosis
Correct Answer
D. CardiomyopathyExplanation
Cardiomyopathy refers to a disease of the heart muscle. It is a condition where the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thickened, or stiff, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. Cardiomegaly, on the other hand, refers to an enlarged heart, which can be a symptom of various heart conditions, including cardiomyopathy. Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, while arteriolitis refers to inflammation of small arteries. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve, which can obstruct blood flow from the heart. Therefore, out of the given options, cardiomyopathy is the most appropriate term to describe a disease of the heart muscle.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Four separate congenital heart defects
- A.
Coarctation of the aorta
- B.
Patent ductus arteriosus
- C.
Raynaud disease
- D.
Tetralogy of Fallot
- E.
Peripheral vascular disease
Correct Answer
D. Tetralogy of FallotExplanation
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific abnormalities in the heart's structure. These abnormalities include a ventricular septal defect (hole between the heart's lower chambers), pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery), overriding aorta (aorta positioned over the ventricular septal defect), and right ventricular hypertrophy (thickening of the right ventricle). This condition leads to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, resulting in cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin). It often requires surgical intervention to correct the defects and improve blood flow.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Widening of a vessel (Proper Spelling)
- A.
Vasodialation
- B.
Vassodialation
- C.
Vasodilation
- D.
Vasodiliation
- E.
Vassodilation
Correct Answer
C. VasodilationExplanation
Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, allowing for increased blood flow. This process is important in regulating blood pressure and body temperature. The term "vasodilation" is spelled correctly in the given options, making it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Phlebitis
- A.
Narrowing of a valve with inflammation
- B.
Inflammation of a capillary
- C.
Blockage of a heart valve
- D.
Narrowing of an artery
- E.
Inflammation of a vein
Correct Answer
E. Inflammation of a veinExplanation
Phlebitis refers to inflammation of a vein. This condition occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein, causing the vein to become inflamed. It can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area. Phlebitis is commonly seen in the legs, but it can occur in other parts of the body as well. Treatment typically involves pain relief, anti-inflammatory medications, and sometimes the use of compression stockings to improve blood flow.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs
- A.
Aorta
- B.
Pulmonary artery
- C.
Pulmonary vein
- D.
Superior vena cava
- E.
Inferior vena cava
Correct Answer
B. Pulmonary arteryExplanation
The pulmonary artery is the correct answer because it carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs. It is responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where it will be oxygenated and returned to the heart. The other options listed are not involved in this specific process.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Pain (Proper Spelling)
- A.
Angina
- B.
Anjena
- C.
Anjina
- D.
Angena
- E.
Anginia
Correct Answer
A. AnginaExplanation
Angina is the correct spelling for the term referring to a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. The other options provided, anjena, anjina, angena, and anginia, are all incorrect spellings and do not represent the proper medical term.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Blood clot forms in a large lower limb vessel
- A.
Aortic stenosis
- B.
Mitral valve prolapse
- C.
Deep-vein thrombosis
- D.
Hyperthrombocytitis
- E.
Acute thrombosis syndrome
Correct Answer
C. Deep-vein thrombosisExplanation
Deep-vein thrombosis is the most appropriate answer because it is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins of the lower limbs. This condition typically occurs when there is reduced blood flow or damage to the blood vessels, leading to the formation of blood clots. Aortic stenosis and mitral valve prolapse are conditions related to heart valves and do not directly involve blood clot formation in the lower limb vessels. Hyperthrombocytitis and acute thrombosis syndrome are not recognized medical conditions, and therefore, they are not the correct answers.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Cardiac arrhythmia
- A.
Beta-blocker
- B.
Hypoxia
- C.
Cardiac channel blocker
- D.
Cardiac atheroma
- E.
Fibrillation
Correct Answer
E. FibrillationExplanation
Fibrillation refers to an abnormal and rapid contraction of the heart muscles, causing an irregular heartbeat. This condition can be dangerous as it disrupts the normal blood flow and can lead to various complications, including stroke and heart failure. The other options listed, such as cardiac arrhythmia, beta-blocker, hypoxia, cardiac channel blocker, and cardiac atheroma, are not specific terms for describing fibrillation.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Patent means
- A.
Sold
- B.
Open
- C.
Closed
- D.
Half closed
- E.
Oxygenated
Correct Answer
B. OpenExplanation
The term "patent" refers to something that is open or accessible to the public. It is not sold, closed, half closed, or oxygenated. Therefore, the correct answer is "Open".Rate this question:
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- 17.
A Holter monitor is
- A.
An EEG test
- B.
A belt worn for stress test
- C.
Part of a chest CT scan
- D.
An EKG taken during daily activity
- E.
An EEG taken during daily activity
Correct Answer
D. An EKG taken during daily activityExplanation
A Holter monitor is an EKG taken during daily activity. It is a portable device that records the electrical activity of the heart while the person goes about their normal daily routine. This allows for continuous monitoring of the heart's activity over a period of time, typically 24 to 48 hours. It is used to detect and diagnose abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias that may not be captured during a standard EKG test performed in a medical facility.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Instrument to measure blood pressure
- A.
Sphygomometer
- B.
Sphygmomanometer
- C.
Electrocardiogram
- D.
Stethoscope
- E.
Cardiac catheterization
Correct Answer
B. SphygmomanometerExplanation
A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure blood pressure. It consists of an inflatable cuff that is wrapped around the upper arm and a pressure gauge to measure the pressure in the cuff. The cuff is inflated to temporarily stop the flow of blood in the artery, and then slowly released while listening to the sounds of blood flow using a stethoscope. The pressure at which the sounds of blood flow are first heard is the systolic pressure, and the pressure at which the sounds disappear is the diastolic pressure. Therefore, a sphygmomanometer is the correct instrument to measure blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Angina is
- A.
A painful abnormal heart rhythm
- B.
Pain caused by rheumatic fever
- C.
Painful extra heart sound
- D.
Chest pain relieved with nitroglycerin
- E.
Chest pain associated with Raynaud phenomenon
Correct Answer
D. Chest pain relieved with nitroglycerinExplanation
Angina is chest pain that is relieved with nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is a medication that helps to relax and widen the blood vessels, allowing more blood flow to the heart. Angina occurs when there is a reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, usually due to a blockage in the coronary arteries. This reduced blood flow can cause chest pain or discomfort. Nitroglycerin helps to relieve this pain by dilating the blood vessels and improving blood flow to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Abnormal rapid heart rhythm
- A.
Fibrillation
- B.
Filbrilation
- C.
Fibrilation
- D.
Fibrillaition
- E.
Fibrilaition
Correct Answer
A. FibrillationExplanation
Fibrillation refers to an abnormal rapid heart rhythm, characterized by uncoordinated contractions of the heart's atria or ventricles. It is a condition where the heart beats irregularly and often too fast, compromising its ability to effectively pump blood. This can lead to various symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, and even fainting. Fibrillation can occur in different parts of the heart, including atrial fibrillation (affecting the atria) and ventricular fibrillation (affecting the ventricles). Prompt medical attention is necessary to manage fibrillation and prevent complications such as stroke or cardiac arrest.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
- A.
Coronary capillaries
- B.
Venae cavae
- C.
Coronary arteries
- D.
Carotid arteries
- E.
Renal arteries
Correct Answer
C. Coronary arteriesExplanation
Coronary arteries are the blood vessels that branch from the aorta and supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. These arteries play a crucial role in delivering nutrients and oxygen to the heart, ensuring its proper functioning. Without an adequate supply of oxygenated blood, the heart muscle can become damaged, leading to various heart conditions. Therefore, the presence of coronary arteries is essential for maintaining a healthy heart.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Pertaining to the heart (Proper Spelling)
- A.
Coronery
- B.
Coronary
- C.
Corenary
- D.
Coranary
- E.
Coronory
Correct Answer
B. CoronaryExplanation
The correct spelling for pertaining to the heart is "coronary".Rate this question:
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- 23.
Relaxation phase of the heart beat
- A.
Diastole
- B.
Diostole
- C.
Dieastole
- D.
Diastoile
- E.
Dieastolie
Correct Answer
A. DiastoleExplanation
Diastole refers to the relaxation phase of the heart's cardiac cycle. During diastole, the heart muscles relax, allowing the chambers to fill with blood. This phase is essential for the heart to receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and pump it to the rest of the body. The correct answer, diastole, accurately represents this relaxation phase, while the other options are misspellings or variations of the word.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Upper chamber of the heart
- A.
Atrium
- B.
Ventricle
- C.
Aorta
- D.
Inferior Vena Cava
- E.
Venule
Correct Answer
A. AtriumExplanation
The correct answer is "Atrium." The atrium is the upper chamber of the heart, responsible for receiving blood from the veins and pumping it into the ventricles. It acts as a reservoir for blood and helps regulate the flow of blood into the ventricles. The atrium is an important component of the heart's structure and function, playing a crucial role in the circulation of blood throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Valve that lies between the right atrium and right ventricle
- A.
Mitral valve
- B.
Inferior valve
- C.
Pulmonary valve
- D.
Capillary valve
- E.
Tricuspid valve
Correct Answer
E. Tricuspid valveExplanation
The tricuspid valve is the valve that lies between the right atrium and right ventricle. It is called the tricuspid valve because it has three cusps or flaps. This valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during ventricular contraction. When the right atrium contracts, the tricuspid valve opens, allowing blood to flow into the right ventricle. When the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes, preventing blood from flowing back into the right atrium.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Lower chamber of the heart
- A.
Ventricle
- B.
Venule
- C.
Atrium
- D.
Aorta
- E.
Mitral
Correct Answer
A. VentricleExplanation
The lower chamber of the heart is called the ventricle. It is responsible for pumping blood out of the heart and into the circulatory system. The ventricle receives blood from the atrium and contracts to push the blood out of the heart. There are two ventricles in the heart, the left ventricle which pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, and the right ventricle which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The ventricles play a crucial role in maintaining blood flow and circulation throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
- A.
Pulmonary artery
- B.
Pulmonary capillary
- C.
Pulmonary vein
- D.
Pulmonary valve
- E.
Inferior Vena Cava
Correct Answer
C. Pulmonary veinExplanation
The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. After the blood has been oxygenated in the lungs, it is transported back to the heart through the pulmonary vein. This vein plays a crucial role in the circulation of oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Brings blood from the lower half of the body to the heart
- A.
Inferior Vena Cava
- B.
Superior Vena Cava
- C.
Pulmonary Vein
- D.
Pulmonary Artery
- E.
Tricuspid Valve
Correct Answer
A. Inferior Vena CavaExplanation
The Inferior Vena Cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the heart. It is responsible for returning blood from the legs, abdomen, and pelvis back to the heart for oxygenation. The Superior Vena Cava, on the other hand, brings blood from the upper half of the body to the heart. The Pulmonary Vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart, while the Pulmonary Artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The Tricuspid Valve is a valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle that prevents backflow of blood.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Brings oxygen-poor blood into the heart from the upper parts of the body
- A.
Inferior Vena Cava
- B.
Inferior Ventricle
- C.
Superior Ventricle
- D.
Superior Vena Cava
- E.
Upper Vena Cava
Correct Answer
D. Superior Vena CavaExplanation
The superior vena cava brings oxygen-poor blood into the heart from the upper parts of the body. It is one of the two main veins that bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The superior vena cava collects blood from the head, neck, arms, and upper chest, and delivers it to the right atrium of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Small hole between the upper heart chambers; congenital anomaly
- A.
Mitral valve prolapse
- B.
Patent ductus arteriosus
- C.
Congestive heart failure
- D.
Coarctation of the aorta
- E.
Atrial septal defect
Correct Answer
E. Atrial septal defectExplanation
Atrial septal defect is a congenital anomaly characterized by a small hole between the upper heart chambers. This condition occurs when the septum, the wall that separates the left and right atria, fails to develop properly during fetal development. As a result, oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium can mix with oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium, leading to inefficient oxygenation of the body. Symptoms of atrial septal defect can vary depending on the size of the hole, but they may include fatigue, shortness of breath, and recurrent respiratory infections. Treatment options include medication, catheter-based procedures, or surgery to repair the defect.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart
- A.
Hypertensive heart disease
- B.
Tetralogy of fallot
- C.
Coarctation of the aorta
- D.
Pericarditis
- E.
Mitralitis
Correct Answer
D. PericarditisExplanation
Pericarditis refers to the inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart, known as the pericardium. This condition can be caused by various factors such as infection, autoimmune diseases, or heart attack. Symptoms of pericarditis include chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Treatment usually involves addressing the underlying cause, managing pain, and reducing inflammation. It is important to differentiate pericarditis from other heart conditions such as hypertensive heart disease, tetralogy of Fallot, and coarctation of the aorta, as they have different causes and treatment approaches. Mitralitis is not a recognized medical condition, hence it is not the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Sepecialized conductive tissue at the base of the wall between the two upper heart chambers
- A.
SN node
- B.
AN node
- C.
AV node
- D.
ST node
- E.
SV node
Correct Answer
C. AV nodeExplanation
The AV node, or atrioventricular node, is a specialized conductive tissue located at the base of the wall between the two upper heart chambers. It acts as a relay station, receiving electrical signals from the SA node and slowing down the conduction of the signals before passing them to the ventricles. This delay allows for proper coordination between the atria and ventricles, ensuring efficient pumping of blood through the heart.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood
- A.
COPD
- B.
Infaraction
- C.
Hypertensive heart disease
- D.
Congestive heart failure
- E.
Interatrial septum
Correct Answer
D. Congestive heart failureExplanation
Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This can happen due to various reasons such as weakened heart muscles, damage to the heart valves, or high blood pressure. Symptoms of congestive heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. It is a serious condition that requires medical intervention to improve heart function and manage symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The contractive phase of the heartbeat is called
- A.
Systole
- B.
Diastole
- C.
Viastole
- D.
Dystole
- E.
Statole
Correct Answer
A. SystoleExplanation
The contractive phase of the heartbeat is called systole. During systole, the heart muscle contracts, pumping blood out of the chambers and into the arteries. This phase is followed by diastole, which is the relaxation phase of the heartbeat. Viastole, dystole, and statole are not correct terms to describe the contractive phase of the heartbeat.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Specialized conductive tissue in the wall between the ventricles
- A.
Endocardium
- B.
Visceral pericardium
- C.
Pericarditis
- D.
Bundle of His
- E.
Flutter
Correct Answer
D. Bundle of HisExplanation
The correct answer is Bundle of His. The Bundle of His is a specialized conductive tissue located in the wall between the ventricles of the heart. It is responsible for conducting electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles, allowing for coordinated contraction and pumping of blood.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Congenital narrowing of the large artery leading from the heart
- A.
Coarctation of the aorta
- B.
Coronary artery disease
- C.
Patent ductus arteriosus
- D.
Tetralogy of Fallot
- E.
Fibrillation
Correct Answer
A. Coarctation of the aortaExplanation
Coarctation of the aorta refers to a congenital condition where the aorta, the main artery leading from the heart, is narrowed. This narrowing can cause a restriction in blood flow to the rest of the body, leading to various symptoms such as high blood pressure, heart murmurs, and weakened pulses in the lower extremities. It is a common congenital heart defect and usually requires surgical intervention to correct the narrowing and restore normal blood flow. Therefore, coarctation of the aorta is the most appropriate explanation for the given correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 37.
A duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth
- A.
Atrial septal duct
- B.
Mitral valve duct
- C.
Patent ductus arteriosus
- D.
Hypertensive ductus
- E.
Congestive duct
Correct Answer
C. Patent ductus arteriosusExplanation
A patent ductus arteriosus is a condition where the duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth, instead of closing as it should. This can lead to abnormal blood flow between the two major blood vessels, causing symptoms such as difficulty breathing, poor feeding, and failure to thrive. Treatment options include medication or surgery to close the ductus arteriosus and restore normal blood flow.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The wall of the heart between the right and left atria is
- A.
Endocardium
- B.
Systole septum
- C.
Coarctation septum
- D.
Interatrial septum
- E.
Atrialcardium
Correct Answer
D. Interatrial septumExplanation
The correct answer is interatrial septum. The interatrial septum is the wall that separates the right and left atria of the heart. It helps to maintain the separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, ensuring that they do not mix.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Pain, tension, and weakness in a limb after walking has begun
- A.
Claudication
- B.
Auscultation
- C.
Raynaud disease
- D.
Vegetations
- E.
Peripheral vascular diseas
Correct Answer
A. ClaudicationExplanation
Claudication refers to pain, tension, and weakness in a limb that occurs after walking has begun. This condition is typically caused by reduced blood flow to the muscles due to narrowed or blocked arteries. The symptoms usually improve with rest. Auscultation refers to the act of listening to internal sounds of the body, such as heart or lung sounds, using a stethoscope. Raynaud disease is a condition characterized by episodes of reduced blood flow to the fingers and toes, resulting in color changes and pain. Vegetations refer to abnormal growths on heart valves. Peripheral vascular disease is a condition that affects the blood vessels outside of the heart and brain, causing reduced blood flow to the limbs.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Listening with a stethoscope
- A.
Murmur
- B.
Vegetations
- C.
Claudication
- D.
Auscultation
- E.
Ischemia
Correct Answer
D. AuscultationExplanation
Auscultation is the process of listening to internal body sounds using a stethoscope. It is commonly used by healthcare professionals to detect and identify abnormal sounds such as heart murmurs, which are abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent blood flow. Auscultation can also help in diagnosing other conditions like vegetations, which are abnormal growths on heart valves, and claudication, which is pain or cramping in the legs caused by reduced blood flow. Ischemia, on the other hand, refers to inadequate blood supply to a particular organ or tissue. Therefore, auscultation is the most relevant term among the given options in the context of listening with a stethoscope.Rate this question:
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- 41.
High blood pressure in the arteries when the etiology is idiopathic
- A.
Essential hypertension
- B.
Secondary hypertension
- C.
Essential hypotension
- D.
Secondary hypotenstion
Correct Answer
A. Essential hypertensionExplanation
Essential hypertension refers to high blood pressure in the arteries with an unknown cause, also known as idiopathic. This means that the underlying reason for the high blood pressure cannot be determined. It is the most common form of hypertension and typically develops gradually over time. Factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices, and certain medical conditions can contribute to essential hypertension. Treatment usually involves lifestyle modifications and medication to manage blood pressure levels and reduce the risk of complications.Rate this question:
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- 42.
High blood pressure related to kidney disease
- A.
Essential hypertension
- B.
Secondary hypertension
- C.
Essential hypotension
- D.
Secondary hypotension
Correct Answer
B. Secondary hypertensionExplanation
Secondary hypertension is the correct answer because it refers to high blood pressure that is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease. Unlike essential hypertension, which has no identifiable cause, secondary hypertension can be traced back to a specific underlying condition or factor. Therefore, in the given scenario, where high blood pressure is related to kidney disease, it is classified as secondary hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Episodes of ischemia with pallor and numbness in fingers and toes caused by a temporary constriction of arterioles in the skin
- A.
Rheumatic heart disease
- B.
Peripheral vascular disease
- C.
Raynaud disease
- D.
Cardioversion disease
- E.
Serum enzyme disease
Correct Answer
C. Raynaud diseaseExplanation
Raynaud's disease is characterized by episodes of ischemia, which is the restriction of blood flow, leading to pallor and numbness in the fingers and toes. This condition occurs due to temporary constriction of arterioles in the skin. Rheumatic heart disease is a condition affecting the heart valves, peripheral vascular disease refers to the narrowing of blood vessels outside of the heart and brain, cardioversion is a medical procedure to restore normal heart rhythm, and serum enzyme disease is not a recognized medical condition. Therefore, Raynaud's disease is the most appropriate explanation for the given symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Intravenous injection of a radioactive substance and measurement of its accumulation in the heart
- A.
Lipid tests
- B.
Cardioversion tests
- C.
Angiography
- D.
Serum enzyme tests
- E.
Thallium 201 scan
Correct Answer
E. Thallium 201 scanExplanation
A Thallium 201 scan is a diagnostic test that involves the intravenous injection of a radioactive substance and the measurement of its accumulation in the heart. This test is used to assess the blood flow to the heart muscle and to detect any areas of reduced blood flow or damage to the heart. It is commonly used to diagnose coronary artery disease and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments such as angioplasty or bypass surgery. By analyzing the accumulation of the radioactive substance in the heart, doctors can identify areas of the heart that may be experiencing reduced blood flow and take appropriate actions to treat the condition.Rate this question:
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