NCLEX Nursing Questions On Cardiovascular System
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Here is a quiz for your practice "NCLEX Nursing Questions On Cardiovascular System." This quiz is to test your nursing knowledge of the cardiovascular system. This will give you better clarity and understanding too on the subject. Questions are hard and medium level, so it may seem a bit challenging quiz. However, give your best and try to get a good score as you take this quiz. Best of luck!
- 1.
Which is the major determinant of diastolic blood pressure?
- A.
Baroreceptors
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Renal function
- D.
Vascular resistance
Correct Answer
D. Vascular resistanceExplanation
Vascular resistance is the major determinant of diastolic blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between contractions. Vascular resistance refers to the resistance to blood flow in the blood vessels. When the blood vessels constrict, the resistance increases, leading to an increase in diastolic blood pressure. On the other hand, when the blood vessels dilate, the resistance decreases, resulting in a decrease in diastolic blood pressure. Therefore, changes in vascular resistance have a significant impact on diastolic blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What can cause blood pressure to drop to normal levels?
- A.
Kidneys’ excretion of sodium only.
- B.
Kidneys’ retention of sodium and water
- C.
Kidneys’ excretion of sodium and water
- D.
Kidneys’ retention of sodium and excretion of water
Correct Answer
C. Kidneys’ excretion of sodium and waterExplanation
The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. When the kidneys excrete sodium and water, it helps to decrease the volume of blood in the body, which in turn lowers blood pressure. This is because sodium attracts water, so when the kidneys excrete sodium, water is also excreted, reducing the overall fluid volume and thus reducing blood pressure. Therefore, the kidneys' excretion of sodium and water can cause blood pressure to drop to normal levels.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Aorta and Baroreceptors in the carotid artery walls respond to
- A.
Changes in blood pressure
- B.
Changes in arterial oxygen tension
- C.
Changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension
- D.
Changes in heart rate
Correct Answer
A. Changes in blood pressureExplanation
The aorta and baroreceptors in the carotid artery walls respond to changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure increases, the baroreceptors detect the change and send signals to the brain, which then triggers a response to lower the blood pressure. Similarly, when blood pressure decreases, the baroreceptors detect the change and send signals to increase the blood pressure. Therefore, the aorta and baroreceptors play a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure homeostasis by responding to changes in blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What describes the force against which the ventricle must expel blood?
- A.
Afterload
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Overload
- D.
Preload
Correct Answer
A. AfterloadExplanation
Afterload refers to the force that the ventricle must overcome in order to eject blood from the heart into the systemic circulation. It represents the resistance that the ventricle encounters when pumping blood out of the heart. This resistance is mainly determined by the peripheral vascular resistance and the compliance of the arterial system. Therefore, afterload can be seen as the force against which the ventricle must expel blood. Cardiac output, overload, and preload are not accurate descriptions of this force.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What describes the amount of stretch on the myocardium at the end of diastole?
- A.
Afterload
- B.
Cardiac index
- C.
Cardiac output
- D.
Preload
Correct Answer
D. PreloadExplanation
Preload refers to the amount of stretch on the myocardium at the end of diastole. It represents the volume of blood in the ventricles just before contraction. When the ventricles are filled with a greater volume of blood during diastole, it results in a higher preload and leads to a more forceful contraction during systole. Therefore, preload is an important determinant of cardiac output and is directly related to the stroke volume.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A 57-year-old client who has a history of asthma is prescribed propranolol (Inderal) for the purpose of controlling hypertension. Before administered propranolol. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A.
Monitor the apical pulse rate
- B.
Instruct the client to take the medication with food
- C.
Question the physician about the order
- D.
Caution the client to rise slowly when standing.
Correct Answer
C. Question the physician about the orderExplanation
The nurse should question the physician about the order because propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker, which can cause bronchospasm in clients with a history of asthma. It is contraindicated in clients with asthma because it can worsen their respiratory symptoms. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to clarify the order with the physician before administering the medication to ensure the client's safety.Rate this question:
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- 7.
One hour later, administering IV furosemide (Lasix) to a client who had heart failure. A short burst of ventricular tachycardia appears on the cardiac monitor. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect?
- A.
Hypocalcemia
- B.
Hypermagnesemia
- C.
Hypokalemia
- D.
Hypernatremia
Correct Answer
C. HypokalemiaExplanation
The correct answer is hypokalemia. Hypokalemia refers to low levels of potassium in the blood. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urine output. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal cardiac function, and low levels can lead to arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia. Therefore, the nurse should suspect hypokalemia as the electrolyte imbalance responsible for the appearance of ventricular tachycardia on the cardiac monitor.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A client receives spironolactone to treat hypertension. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
- A.
“Eat foods high in potassium.”
- B.
“Take daily potassium supplements.”
- C.
“Discontinue sodium restrictions.”
- D.
“Avoid salt substitutes.”
Correct Answer
D. “Avoid salt substitutes.”Explanation
The nurse should instruct the client to "Avoid salt substitutes" when receiving spironolactone to treat hypertension. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which means it helps the body retain potassium and excrete sodium. Salt substitutes often contain high amounts of potassium, so consuming them can lead to excessive potassium levels in the body, which can be dangerous. Therefore, it is important for the client to avoid salt substitutes to maintain a balanced potassium level while taking spironolactone.Rate this question:
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- 9.
When assessing an ECG, The nurse is aware that the P-R interval represents the time taken for the:
- A.
Impulse to begin atrial contraction
- B.
Impulse to transverse the atria to the AV node
- C.
SA node to discharge the impulse to begin atrial depolarization
- D.
Impulse to travel to the ventricles
Correct Answer
D. Impulse to travel to the ventriclesExplanation
The P-R interval represents the time taken for the impulse to travel to the ventricles. This interval measures the time between the beginning of atrial depolarization (represented by the P wave) and the beginning of ventricular depolarization (represented by the QRS complex). It reflects the time it takes for the electrical signal to travel from the atria, through the AV node, and into the ventricles.Rate this question:
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- 10.
After a treadmill test and cardiac catheterization, the client seems to have coronary artery disease, which is inoperative. He is taken to the cardiac rehabilitation unit. During the first visit to the unit, he says that he doesn’t know why he should be there because nothing can make him better. The best nursing response should be:
- A.
“Cardiac rehabilitation is not a cure but can help restore you to many of your former activities.”
- B.
“Here, we teach you to gradually change your lifestyle to accommodate your heart disease.”
- C.
“You are probably right, but we can gradually increase your activities so that you can live a more active life.”
- D.
“Do you feel that you will have to make some changes in your life now?”
Correct Answer
A. “Cardiac rehabilitation is not a cure but can help restore you to many of your former activities.”Explanation
The correct answer is "Cardiac rehabilitation is not a cure but can help restore you to many of your former activities." This response acknowledges the client's belief that nothing can make him better, while also providing information about the purpose of cardiac rehabilitation. It emphasizes that although it is not a cure, it can still help the client regain some of their previous abilities and improve their quality of life. This response offers hope and encourages the client to participate in the rehabilitation program.Rate this question:
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Mar 11, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Expert Reviewed by
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Sep 20, 2017Quiz Created by
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