ITEC A&p (Cardiovascular) 2 Q&a
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Hepatitis B & C are transmitted by:
- A.
Infected body fluids except blood
- B.
Poisonous food
- C.
Infected body fluids including blood
- D.
Infected red blood cells
Correct Answer
C. Infected body fluids including bloodExplanation
Hepatitis B & C are transmitted through infected body fluids, including blood. This means that the viruses can be spread through activities such as sharing needles, having unprotected sex, or coming into contact with infected blood. It is important to take precautions to prevent the transmission of these viruses, such as practicing safe sex and using clean needles.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is the medical term for blood poisoning?
- A.
Thrombus
- B.
Phlebitis
- C.
Haemophilia
- D.
Septicaemia
Correct Answer
D. SepticaemiaExplanation
Septicaemia is the medical term for blood poisoning, which is a severe infection in the bloodstream. It occurs when bacteria or other pathogens enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, causing systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, rapid breathing, and low blood pressure. If left untreated, septicaemia can lead to organ failure and death. Prompt medical intervention, including antibiotics and supportive care, is crucial in managing this life-threatening condition.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The inner layer of the heart is known as:
- A.
Myocardium
- B.
Pericardium
- C.
Artery
- D.
Endocardium
Correct Answer
D. EndocardiumExplanation
The inner layer of the heart is called the endocardium. This layer is made up of smooth tissue that lines the chambers and valves of the heart. It helps to reduce friction as blood flows through the heart and also plays a role in the conduction of electrical signals that regulate the heartbeat. The endocardium is essential for maintaining the proper functioning of the heart and is distinct from the other layers, such as the myocardium (middle layer) and pericardium (outer layer).Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is the wall that separates the left and right side of the heart called?
- A.
Pericardium
- B.
Myocardium
- C.
Endocardium
- D.
Septum
Correct Answer
D. SeptumExplanation
The wall that separates the left and right side of the heart is called the septum. The septum is a thick muscular wall that prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. It ensures that the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs is pumped to the rest of the body while the deoxygenated blood from the body is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. This separation is crucial for the efficient functioning of the heart and the circulation of blood throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is atherosclerosis?
- A.
Loss of elasticity in the arterial walls causing a decrease in blood pressure
- B.
A build up of fats inside the arteries causing them to narrow and harden limiting blood flow to the body
- C.
Blood poisoning
- D.
Low blood pressure
Correct Answer
B. A build up of fats inside the arteries causing them to narrow and harden limiting blood flow to the bodyExplanation
Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fats inside the arteries. This buildup causes the arteries to narrow and harden, leading to a decrease in blood flow throughout the body. This condition can restrict the supply of oxygen and nutrients to various organs and tissues, potentially leading to serious health issues such as heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Haemophilia is another term for:
- A.
A blood clot in the heart or blood vessels
- B.
Blood poisoning
- C.
Inability of blood to clot
- D.
Cancer of the blood
Correct Answer
C. Inability of blood to clotExplanation
Haemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot. People with haemophilia have a deficiency or absence of certain clotting factors, which can lead to prolonged bleeding or spontaneous bleeding into joints, muscles, or organs. Therefore, the correct answer is "Inability of blood to clot."Rate this question:
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- 7.
Hepatitis A is spread by:
- A.
Fecally contaminated food, milk or water
- B.
High cholesterol
- C.
Infected body fluids
- D.
Infected blood
Correct Answer
A. Fecally contaminated food, milk or waterExplanation
Hepatitis A is primarily spread through fecally contaminated food, milk, or water. This means that the virus can be transmitted through food or drinks that have been contaminated with the feces of an infected person. It is important to practice good hygiene and sanitation to prevent the spread of hepatitis A, such as washing hands thoroughly and properly cooking food. High cholesterol, infected body fluids, and infected blood are not the primary modes of transmission for hepatitis A.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which chamber of the heart does oxygenated blood return to?
- A.
Left atrium
- B.
Left Ventricle
- C.
Right Atrium
- D.
Right ventricle _______
Correct Answer
A. Left atriumExplanation
The correct answer is the left atrium. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins, which carry the blood from the lungs to the left atrium. From the left atrium, the blood flows into the left ventricle, which then pumps the oxygenated blood out to the rest of the body. The right atrium and right ventricle receive deoxygenated blood from the body and pump it to the lungs for oxygenation.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The four plasma proteins are :
- A.
Albumin, Globulin, prothrombin, fibrinogen
- B.
Potassium, Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
- C.
Albumin, potassium, globulin, prothrombin
- D.
Iodine, albumin, globulin, prothrombin
Correct Answer
A. Albumin, Globulin, prothrombin, fibrinogenExplanation
The correct answer is Albumin, Globulin, prothrombin, fibrinogen. These four proteins are commonly found in plasma. Albumin helps maintain osmotic pressure and transports various substances. Globulin plays a role in immune response and transport of lipids and hormones. Prothrombin is involved in blood clotting, and fibrinogen is converted to fibrin during clot formation. Potassium and iodine are not proteins, and their presence in plasma is not significant in this context.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Blood is pushed from the left atrium into the left ventricle via:
- A.
Micuspid valve
- B.
Tricuspid valve
- C.
Bicuspid valve
- D.
Aorta
Correct Answer
C. Bicuspid valveExplanation
The correct answer is Bicuspid valve. The bicuspid valve, also known as the mitral valve, is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It opens to allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle and then closes to prevent backflow of blood. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, and the aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The micuspid valve is not a valid term or answer choice.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is the function of leucocytes:
- A.
Blood clotting
- B.
Fight infection
- C.
Transport waste products
- D.
Carry oxygen
Correct Answer
B. Fight infectionExplanation
Leucocytes, also known as white blood cells, are responsible for fighting infection. They are part of the immune system and help to identify and destroy harmful pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, in the body. Leucocytes are able to recognize foreign substances and initiate an immune response to eliminate them, thus protecting the body from infections and diseases.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Erythrocytes are cells that:
- A.
Fight infection
- B.
Clot blood
- C.
Destroys bacteria
- D.
Carry oxygen
Correct Answer
D. Carry oxygenExplanation
Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, carry oxygen throughout the body. They contain a protein called hemoglobin that binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to the tissues. This is essential for the delivery of oxygen to all cells in the body, ensuring proper functioning of organs and tissues. Erythrocytes do not fight infection, clot blood, or destroy bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What is the function of leucocytes?
- A.
Blood clotting
- B.
Fight infection
- C.
Transport waste products
- D.
Carry oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin
Correct Answer
B. Fight infectionExplanation
Leucocytes, also known as white blood cells, are a crucial component of the immune system and play a vital role in fighting infection. They help to identify and destroy harmful pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, that enter the body. Leucocytes are responsible for recognizing foreign substances and initiating an immune response to eliminate them, thus protecting the body from infections and diseases.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What do capillaries branch from?
- A.
Arterioles
- B.
Arteries
- C.
Venules
- D.
Veins
Correct Answer
A. ArteriolesExplanation
Capillaries branch from arterioles. Arterioles are small blood vessels that connect arteries to capillaries. They are responsible for regulating blood flow and pressure before the blood reaches the capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The middle layer of the heart is called:
- A.
Myocardium
- B.
Pericardium
- C.
Septum
- D.
Endocardium
Correct Answer
A. MyocardiumExplanation
The middle layer of the heart is called the myocardium. It is a thick and muscular layer that is responsible for the contraction of the heart, pumping blood throughout the body. The myocardium is made up of specialized cardiac muscle cells that are tightly connected to ensure coordinated contraction and relaxation of the heart. It is essential for maintaining the heart's function and providing the necessary force to pump blood effectively.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which layer of the heart is made up of cardiac muscle?
- A.
Pericardium
- B.
Septum
- C.
Myocardium
- D.
Endocardium
Correct Answer
C. MyocardiumExplanation
The myocardium is the layer of the heart that is made up of cardiac muscle. This layer is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the heart, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body. The cardiac muscle in the myocardium is highly specialized and has a unique ability to generate and conduct electrical impulses, ensuring coordinated and efficient heartbeats. The other options listed, such as pericardium, septum, and endocardium, are not made up of cardiac muscle and do not have the same role in the functioning of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Blood returns from the lungs to the heart into which heart chamber?
- A.
Left atria
- B.
Left ventricle
- C.
Right ventricle
- D.
Right atria
Correct Answer
A. Left atriaExplanation
Blood returns from the lungs to the heart through the pulmonary veins, which deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium. From the left atrium, the blood flows into the left ventricle, which then pumps the oxygenated blood out to the rest of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is left atria.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Blood is pushed from the left atrium to the left ventricle through the?
- A.
Tricuspid valve
- B.
Micuspid valve
- C.
Bicuspid valve
- D.
Semi lunar valve
Correct Answer
C. Bicuspid valveExplanation
The correct answer is Bicuspid valve. The bicuspid valve, also known as the mitral valve, is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle in the heart. It consists of two leaflets that open and close to allow blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle during the heart's pumping cycle. This valve prevents the backflow of blood into the atrium, ensuring that blood is efficiently pumped out of the heart to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The pulmonary artery carries:
- A.
Deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- B.
Deoxygenated blood from the heart to of the body
- C.
Oxygenated blood to the lungs
- D.
Oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
Correct Answer
A. Deoxygenated blood to the lungsExplanation
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. This is because the pulmonary artery is responsible for transporting blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs, where it can pick up oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. Once the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it will then return to the heart through the pulmonary veins and be pumped out to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What are the characteristics of arteries?
- A.
Thick walls, small lumen
- B.
Thin walls, small lumen
- C.
Thin walls, thin lumen
- D.
Thin walls, large lumen
Correct Answer
A. Thick walls, small lumenExplanation
Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They have thick walls to withstand the high pressure of blood flow and to maintain their shape. The thick walls are made up of layers of smooth muscle and elastic fibers, allowing the arteries to expand and contract as needed. Arteries also have a small lumen, which is the central opening through which blood flows. The small lumen helps to maintain the high pressure of blood flow and ensures efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues.Rate this question:
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- 21.
. Pulmonary circulation is the transport of blood:
- A.
From the lungs to the heart
- B.
From lungs to upper body and lower body
- C.
From the heart to the lungs and back
- D.
From lungs to the heart and back
Correct Answer
C. From the heart to the lungs and backExplanation
Pulmonary circulation refers to the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs. It involves the deoxygenated blood being pumped from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide, and then the oxygenated blood returning back to the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body. This process allows for the exchange of gases and ensures that oxygen is delivered to the body's tissues while carbon dioxide is removed.Rate this question:
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- 22.
. Blood reaches the lungs via tiny vessels called:
- A.
Capillaries
- B.
Venules
- C.
Arteries
- D.
Arterioles
Correct Answer
A. CapillariesExplanation
Blood reaches the lungs via tiny vessels called capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and they play a crucial role in exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the surrounding tissues. In the lungs, capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen from inhaled air to be taken up by the blood, while carbon dioxide is released from the blood into the lungs to be exhaled. This exchange of gases occurs across the thin walls of the capillaries, making them essential for the respiratory process.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Blood returns from the lungs into which chamber?
- A.
Left atrium
- B.
Right atrium
- C.
Left ventricle
- D.
Right Ventricle
Correct Answer
A. Left atriumExplanation
Blood returns from the lungs into the left atrium. After oxygenation in the lungs, the oxygen-rich blood flows through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. From the left atrium, the blood is then pumped into the left ventricle and eventually distributed to the rest of the body. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle to be sent to the lungs for oxygenation.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which layer of the heart is made of cardiac muscle?
- A.
Myocardium
- B.
Pericardium
- C.
Septum
- D.
Endocardium
Correct Answer
A. MyocardiumExplanation
The myocardium is the layer of the heart that is made of cardiac muscle. It is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the heart, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body. The myocardium is the thickest layer of the heart and is located between the endocardium (inner layer) and the epicardium (outer layer). It is composed of cardiac muscle cells that are interconnected and work together to coordinate the heart's pumping action.Rate this question:
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- 25.
A cancer of the blood is:
- A.
Septicaemia
- B.
Leukaemia
- C.
Anaemia
- D.
Thrombus
Correct Answer
B. LeukaemiaExplanation
Leukaemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the abnormal production of white blood cells, which are responsible for fighting infections in the body. In leukaemia, these cells multiply uncontrollably, crowding out healthy cells and impairing the body's ability to fight infections. Common symptoms include fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and weight loss. Treatment options for leukaemia may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Where are erythrocytes broken down?
- A.
Liver
- B.
Kidneys
- C.
Lymph nodes
- D.
Spleen
Correct Answer
D. SpleenExplanation
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are broken down in the spleen. The spleen is responsible for filtering the blood and removing old or damaged red blood cells from circulation. It breaks down these cells and removes any waste or toxins, while also recycling important components such as iron. The liver also plays a role in the breakdown of erythrocytes, but the primary site of breakdown is the spleen. The kidneys and lymph nodes are not directly involved in the breakdown of red blood cells.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Another term for heartbeat is?
- A.
Systolic
- B.
Diastolic
- C.
Cardiac cycle
- D.
Pulse
Correct Answer
C. Cardiac cycleExplanation
The term "cardiac cycle" refers to the complete sequence of events that occur during one heartbeat. It includes both the contraction and relaxation phases of the heart, as well as the filling and emptying of the chambers. Therefore, "cardiac cycle" is another term for heartbeat, as it encompasses all the physiological processes involved in the pumping of blood by the heart.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The function of venules is to:
- A.
" Carry oxygenated blood from the capillaries to the larger veins
- B.
" Carry oxygenated blood from the larger veins to the capillaries
- C.
" Carry de- oxygenated blood from the capillaries to the larger veins
- D.
" Carry de-oxygenated blood from the larger veins to the capillaries
Correct Answer
C. " Carry de- oxygenated blood from the capillaries to the larger veinsExplanation
Venules are small blood vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillaries and transport it to the larger veins. This allows for the return of deoxygenated blood back to the heart and lungs for oxygenation.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Thrombocytes are:
- A.
" Cells that fight infection
- B.
" Cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin
- C.
" Cells responsible for blood clotting
- D.
" Cells that form collagen
Correct Answer
C. " Cells responsible for blood clottingExplanation
Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are small cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting. When there is an injury or damage to a blood vessel, thrombocytes adhere to the site and form a plug, preventing excessive bleeding. They release chemicals that attract more platelets and help in the formation of a stable clot. Therefore, thrombocytes are responsible for blood clotting.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Erythrocytes are:
- A.
" Cells that fight infection
- B.
" Cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin
- C.
" Cells responsible for blood clotting
- D.
" Cells that form collagen
Correct Answer
B. " Cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobinExplanation
Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and forms oxyhemoglobin. This allows the erythrocytes to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and organs in the body.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which vessel carries oxygen into the heart
- A.
" Inferior vena cava
- B.
" Pulmonary vein
- C.
" Superior vena cava
- D.
" Pulmonary artery
Correct Answer
B. " Pulmonary veinExplanation
The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. This is in contrast to the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava are large veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower parts of the body, respectively, back to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is the pulmonary vein.Rate this question:
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- 32.
By which method does oxygen enter the blood stream?
- A.
" Absorption
- B.
" Diffusion
- C.
" Osmosis
- D.
" Filtration
Correct Answer
B. " DiffusionExplanation
Oxygen enters the bloodstream through the process of diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In the lungs, oxygen molecules move from the air sacs (where there is a high concentration of oxygen) into the bloodstream (where there is a lower concentration of oxygen) through the thin walls of the capillaries. This allows oxygen to be transported to different parts of the body where it is needed for cellular respiration.Rate this question:
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