Dhyg 219 Oral Pathology Lecture 2 INFLammation & Repair Pt. 1

The suffix "itis" is commonly used to indicate inflammation of a specific tissue. When combined with the name of the tissue, it forms the medical term for inflammation in that specific area. For example, "appendicitis" refers to inflammation of the appendix and "bronchitis" refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Therefore, "itis" is the correct suffix to denote inflammation of a specific tissue.

If the inflammatory response lasts for more than a few days, it is referred to as chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is a prolonged and persistent response that can last for weeks, months, or even years. It is typically caused by conditions such as autoimmune diseases, persistent infections, or prolonged exposure to harmful substances. Unlike acute inflammation, which is a short-term response to injury or infection, chronic inflammation can cause damage to tissues and organs over time.

Acute is the correct answer

Lymphadenopathy refers to the condition where lymph nodes become enlarged and palpable due to various disease processes. It is not a specific disease itself but rather a symptom of an underlying condition. This can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, cancer, or other diseases that affect the lymphatic system. Lymphadenopathy can be localized, affecting only certain lymph nodes, or generalized, affecting multiple lymph nodes throughout the body. It is important to identify the underlying cause of lymphadenopathy in order to provide appropriate treatment.

Blood flows through the microcirculation, which consists of small blood vessels called capillaries. These capillaries are lined with endothelial cells. As blood passes through these vessels, exchange of oxygen and nutrients occurs between the blood and the surrounding tissues. Oxygen is an essential component for cellular respiration and is transported by red blood cells. Therefore, the correct answer is oxygen.

tissue is the correct answer.

The correct answer is B, C, and D. Local clinical changes at the site of the injury are called the classic signs of inflammation, which include redness or heat, swelling or pain, and loss of normal tissue function. These signs indicate that the body is responding to the injury and attempting to heal itself.

Exudate is the correct answer because when tissues are injured, blood plasma and proteins flow into the injured area, resulting in a fluid called exudate. Exudate is a mixture of fluid, proteins, and cells that is produced as a response to inflammation or injury. It helps to clean and protect the injured area and allows for the transport of immune cells and nutrients to aid in the healing process.

The correct answer is "Chemical" because inflammation involves the release of chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, and cytokines, which play a crucial role in the inflammatory response. These mediators are released by certain blood cells in the microcirculation of the injured area and contribute to the dilation of blood vessels, increased permeability, and recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury.

The two main types of exudate are purulent and serous. Purulent exudate is thick, yellowish or greenish in color, and contains pus, indicating the presence of infection. Serous exudate, on the other hand, is thin, clear or slightly yellowish in color, and contains a small amount of protein and cellular debris. It is typically seen in non-infected wounds or inflammation.

Leukocytosis refers to a temporary increase in the number of white blood cells in the bloodstream. This can occur in response to various factors such as infection, inflammation, or stress. It is a normal physiological response of the body to combat any potential threats. Monofybrosis, lymphadenopathy, and mononucleosis are not related to an increase in white blood cells. Therefore, the correct answer is Leukocytosis.

Repair is the most favorable end to acute inflammation as it involves the complete removal of all cells, by-products, and inflammatory exudate that enter the tissue during inflammation. It also includes the return of the microcirculation to its preinflammatory state, indicating that the tissue has healed and returned to its normal functioning. This process is crucial for restoring the tissue's integrity and functionality after inflammation.

Systemic signs of inflammation are indicators that the body is responding to an extensive inflammatory response. An increase in body temperature, an increase in the number of white blood cells, and enlargement of lymph nodes are all common systemic signs of inflammation. These signs occur due to the body's immune system activation and release of inflammatory mediators. The increase in body temperature helps to create an inhospitable environment for pathogens, while the increase in white blood cells helps to fight off the infection. Enlargement of lymph nodes indicates that the immune system is actively responding to the inflammation and trying to clear the infection.

Physical,Microorganisms,nutritional deficiencies, and chemical are the 4.

Microorganisms is the correct answer

Chronic inflammation can last for weeks, months, or indefinitely. This means that it can persist for a prolonged period of time, causing ongoing damage and leading to various health issues.

The three systems in the blood that may be activated during inflammation are the clotting mechanism, kinin system, and complement system. The clotting mechanism helps to stop bleeding by forming a blood clot at the site of injury. The kinin system is involved in the dilation of blood vessels and the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation. The complement system plays a role in the immune response by promoting inflammation, attracting immune cells, and assisting in the destruction of pathogens.

Repair and inflammation are the 2 responses.

Chemical is the correct answer

A fever is defined as an elevation of body temperature above the normal range. The normal body temperature is considered to be 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Therefore, a fever is an elevation of body temperature greater than 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.

In Hyperemia, the increased blood flow to the affected area leads to redness and heat. This is because the dilation of blood vessels causes more blood to flow through the area, resulting in the characteristic redness. Additionally, the increased blood flow also leads to heat being radiated from the area, causing it to feel warm to the touch.

Purulent exudate is a type of fluid that is produced during an inflammatory response. It is characterized by the presence of tissue debris and a high number of white blood cells, in addition to plasma fluids and proteins. The term "many" accurately describes the abundance of white blood cells in purulent exudate, emphasizing the significant immune response taking place.

Hyperemia refers to the increased blood flow that fills the capillary beds in injured tissue. It is a physiological response to injury or inflammation, resulting in redness and warmth in the affected area. This increased blood flow helps to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to the injured tissue, promoting the healing process.

The correct answer is "Both A & B". The acute inflammatory response involves the activation and recruitment of various types of cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and mast cells. Neutrophils and monocytes are involved in the initial response, while lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and mast cells play roles in the later stages of inflammation. Therefore, both options A (neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes) and B (plasma cells, eosinophils, and mast cells) are correct.

Acute inflammation is a short-lasting response of the body's immune system to injury or infection. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. While inflammation can vary in duration depending on the severity of the injury or infection, it typically lasts for a few days. During this time, the body works to eliminate the source of inflammation and initiate the healing process.

Chemical agents called chemical mediators cause many of the events involved in the inflammatory response. Inflammation is a complex biological process that occurs in response to tissue injury or infection. Chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, and cytokines, are released by cells in the affected area and play a crucial role in initiating and regulating the inflammatory response. They cause vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury or infection. This leads to redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are characteristic symptoms of inflammation. Therefore, the correct answer is "chemical".

Acute inflammation occurs when there is minimal and brief injury to the tissue, and the source of the injury is removed. This type of inflammation is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain in the affected area. It is a normal and necessary response of the body to protect and heal the injured tissue.

The lymphatic vessels carry away fluid that cannot reenter the blood vessels. This fluid includes excess interstitial fluid, which is the fluid that surrounds the cells in tissues. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body by collecting this excess fluid and returning it to the bloodstream.

Physical is the correct answer

Nutrional deficiencies is the correct answer

Location is the correct answer

Serous exudate is a type of fluid that is released during inflammation. It is primarily composed of plasma fluids and proteins. However, it contains only a few white blood cells. This suggests that the inflammatory response in this particular case is not severe, as there are only a small number of white blood cells present in the exudate.

The correct answer is Fever, Leukocytosis, Lymphadenopathy. In addition to the local features of inflammation, systemic signs can also occur. Fever is a common systemic sign of inflammation, characterized by an elevated body temperature. Leukocytosis refers to an increase in the number of white blood cells, which is a response to infection or inflammation. Lymphadenopathy is the enlargement of lymph nodes, often indicating an immune response to inflammation or infection. These three signs are commonly observed in systemic inflammation.

Extensive is the correct answer

Repair of tissue occurs only if the persistent source of the injury is removed. This means that if the source of the injury continues to exist or persist, the tissue cannot fully heal or repair itself. Removing the persistent source is crucial for the healing process to take place.

During inflammation, the microcirculation in the area of injury is involved in three main processes: dilation of capillaries, dilation of venules, and constriction of arterioles. Capillaries dilate to increase blood flow and allow more immune cells to reach the site of injury. Venules also dilate to facilitate the movement of white blood cells out of the bloodstream and into the affected tissue. Arterioles, on the other hand, constrict to regulate blood flow and control the amount of fluid and immune cells entering the injured area.

Repair takes place when complete return of the tissue to normal is not possible because the damage has been too great. When the damage to a tissue or organ is extensive, the body initiates a repair process to restore its structure and function as much as possible. This involves the formation of scar tissue to fill in the damaged area and promote healing. Repair is a natural response of the body to injuries that cannot be completely reversed.

Chemical mediators play a crucial role in the inflammatory response by initiating or intensifying it. They are responsible for recruiting immune cells, dilating blood vessels, and increasing vascular permeability, which leads to swelling and redness. Therefore, the correct answer "amplify" accurately reflects the role of chemical mediators in enhancing and intensifying the inflammatory response.

Diarrhea removes foreign substances

All 5 are natural defenses the body has against injury.

Eliminate injurious agents,contain injuries and heal defects are the 3.