Congestive Heart Failure And Angina Pectoris! Quiz
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What do you know about congestive heart failure and angina pectoris? Could you pass this quiz? Congestive heart failure ensues when your heart muscles do not pump blood as well as they should. Angina is a disorder marked by severe pain in the chest, but it is not a heart attack. Take this quiz and learn more about congestive heart failure and angina.
- 1.
What are the causes of CHF?
- A.
Disease of the myocardium; circulatory factors
- B.
Atherosclerosis; myocardial infarction
- C.
Unidrectional block; decreased conductivity of Purkunje fibres
Correct Answer
A. Disease of the myocardium; circulatory factorsExplanation
The correct answer is disease of the myocardium and circulatory factors. CHF, or congestive heart failure, occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently. Disease of the myocardium refers to conditions that affect the heart muscle, such as cardiomyopathy. Circulatory factors include issues like high blood pressure, valve diseases, and coronary artery disease. These factors can lead to the weakening of the heart muscle and impair its ability to pump blood effectively, resulting in CHF. Atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction are also potential causes of CHF, but they are not included in the correct answer for this question.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What are the compensatory mechanisms in response to CHF?
- A.
Decreased sympathetic tone; RAAS activation; decreased body fluid volume
- B.
Increased sympathetic tone; RAAS deactivation; decreased body fluid volume
- C.
Increased sympathetic tone; RAAS activation; increased body fluid volume
Correct Answer
C. Increased sympathetic tone; RAAS activation; increased body fluid volumeExplanation
In response to congestive heart failure (CHF), the body activates compensatory mechanisms to maintain cardiac output. One of these mechanisms is an increase in sympathetic tone, which leads to increased heart rate and contractility to compensate for the weakened heart. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is also activated, resulting in increased vasoconstriction and fluid retention, which helps to maintain blood pressure and increase blood volume. Additionally, there is an increase in body fluid volume as a result of fluid retention. Therefore, the correct answer is increased sympathetic tone; RAAS activation; increased body fluid volume.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What are the effects of cardiac glycosides?
- A.
Bind to Na binding site on Na/K exchanger; decreased C/Na exchange; increase Ca levels; increased contractility
- B.
Bind to K binding site on Na/K exchanger; decreased C/Na exchange; increase Ca levels; decreased contractility
- C.
Bind to Na binding site on Ca/Na exchanger; decreased Ca/Na exchange; decrease Ca levels; decreased contractility
Correct Answer
B. Bind to K binding site on Na/K exchanger; decreased C/Na exchange; increase Ca levels; decreased contractilityExplanation
Cardiac glycosides bind to the K binding site on the Na/K exchanger, which leads to a decrease in the exchange of Na and K. This results in an increase in intracellular Ca levels, which in turn leads to increased contractility of the heart muscle. Therefore, the correct answer is that cardiac glycosides bind to the K binding site on the Na/K exchanger, causing decreased C/Na exchange, increased Ca levels, and decreased contractility.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What causes unstable angina?
- A.
Atherosclerosis which ruptures, thrombus forms on top, often leading to complete occlusion
- B.
Atherosclerosis which reduces O2 to tissue
- C.
Atherosclerosis which ruptures, thrombus forms on top, always followed by breaking up and embolus formation leading to complete occlusion and infarction
Correct Answer
A. Atherosclerosis which ruptures, thrombus forms on top, often leading to complete occlusionExplanation
Unstable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which refers to the buildup of plaque in the arteries. When the plaque ruptures, a blood clot or thrombus can form on top, causing partial or complete blockage of the artery. This can lead to unstable angina, as the reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle can cause chest pain or discomfort. While the thrombus may not always lead to complete occlusion, it often does, which is why it is mentioned as the most common outcome in the explanation.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What are the drug therapy targets for angina treatment?
- A.
Decrease heart rate; increase activation of RAAS system
- B.
Increase cardiac output; decrease body fluid volume
- C.
Improve myocardial perfusion; reduce metabolic demand
Correct Answer
C. Improve myocardial perfusion; reduce metabolic demandExplanation
The drug therapy targets for angina treatment are to improve myocardial perfusion and reduce metabolic demand. Angina is caused by an imbalance between the supply of oxygen to the heart and its demand. By improving myocardial perfusion, more oxygen can reach the heart muscle, alleviating symptoms. Reducing metabolic demand helps to decrease the workload on the heart, further reducing the risk of angina episodes.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What are the effects of organic nitrates?
- A.
Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased after-load and decreased cardiac output
- B.
Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased pre-load and decreased cardiac output
- C.
Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased pre-load and decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer
B. Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased pre-load and decreased cardiac outputExplanation
Organic nitrates have the effect of vasodilation, which means they widen the blood vessels. Specifically, they cause dilation of large veins. This leads to a decrease in pre-load, which refers to the amount of blood returning to the heart. As a result, there is a decrease in cardiac output, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is the mechanism by which organic nitrates exert their effects?
- A.
Increased PKG which causes relaxation of smooth muscle
- B.
Increased PKG which causes relaxation of large veins and arteries
- C.
Decreased PKG which causes relaxation of smooth muscle
Correct Answer
A. Increased PKG which causes relaxation of smooth muscleExplanation
Organic nitrates exert their effects by increasing the levels of PKG (protein kinase G) in the body. PKG is an enzyme that plays a role in the relaxation of smooth muscle. When PKG levels are increased, it leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle, which can have various effects such as vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and reduced muscle tone. This can be beneficial in conditions like angina, where vasodilation helps to increase blood flow to the heart and relieve symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer is "Increased PKG which causes relaxation of smooth muscle."Rate this question:
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- 8.
What are the anti-anginal actions of organic nitrates?
- A.
Increase O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to infarct areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion to other organs
- B.
Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion
- C.
Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to infarct areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion
Correct Answer
B. Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusionExplanation
The correct answer is "Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion." Organic nitrates have anti-anginal actions that involve reducing oxygen consumption by the heart muscle, redirecting blood flow to areas with reduced blood supply (ischemic areas), relieving spasms in the coronary arteries, and improving overall blood flow to the heart and other organs.Rate this question:
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