Cognitive Perspective - Historical And Cultural Conditions

The computer is the correct answer because it revolutionized the way we process information and perform tasks, just like the mind does. The computer's ability to store, retrieve, and manipulate data is similar to how the mind processes and organizes information. Additionally, the computer's ability to learn and adapt through artificial intelligence has further strengthened the analogy between the mind and this technology.

World War II was one of the main causes for more in-depth research into the cognitive perspective because it brought about significant advancements in technology and communication, leading to a greater understanding of human cognition. The war necessitated the development of new military strategies and technologies, which required a deeper understanding of how individuals process information, make decisions, and solve problems. This led psychologists to conduct extensive research on cognitive processes such as perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving, ultimately contributing to the emergence of the cognitive perspective in psychology.

Linguistics challenged behaviorism and supported the cognitive perspective. Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure, which includes analyzing how language is processed and understood in the mind. This field of study highlighted the importance of mental processes and internal representations in language acquisition and use, which aligned with the principles of the cognitive perspective. By studying language, linguists provided evidence that behaviorism's focus on observable behavior was insufficient to fully understand human cognition and mental processes.

The cognitive perspective rejected the assumption that the mind is a black box. This means that the cognitive perspective does not believe that the mind's processes and workings are completely unknowable or inaccessible. Instead, it focuses on understanding and studying the internal mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving. The cognitive perspective believes that the mind can be studied and understood through scientific methods and that it is possible to gain insights into how individuals think, reason, and process information.

Edward Tolman was a famous behaviorist whose experiments played a significant role in the development of the cognitive perspective. He conducted studies on rats that demonstrated the existence of cognitive maps, which are mental representations of physical spaces. Tolman's research challenged the behaviorist notion that all behavior is a result of stimulus-response associations and emphasized the importance of internal mental processes in understanding behavior. His work paved the way for the cognitive revolution in psychology, leading to a shift in focus from purely observable behavior to the study of mental processes and information processing.