Cognitive Skills Ultimate Trivia Questions! Quiz

1. Phonology

Meaning

Basic units of sound

Appropriateness of speech for situation

Grammar

2. Researchers vary in their conceptions of intelligence, yet they generally embrace two themes:

The capacity to learn from experience and the ability to select your environment

The capacity to learn from experience and the ability to adapt to the surrounding environment

The capacity to learn from experience and the ability to shape your environment

The capacity to learn from experience and the ability to influence others

3. Semantics

Meaning

Basic units of sound

Appropriateness of speech for situation

Grammar

4. Yerkes and Terman wrote intelligence tests for the army during the early 1900s. One of their finding was

The prostitutes had surprisingly high I.Q. scores

That the average mental age of white, American adults was equivalent to 13-year-olds

That conscientious objectors tested very low on I.Q.

That southern and northern European immigrants had about equal I.Q.s

5. Cognitive psychologists think there are various components of creative thinking. These include...

Synergy

Sensitivity

Serendipity

All of the above

6. Divergent thinking most closely associated with which sorts of problems?

Ill-defined

Well defined

Source

Target

7. The "Jewel in the Box" problem could be considered a...

We;;-defined problem

Ill-defined problem

Problem which works well with a forward search

B and c

8. A heuristic is a/an

Decision rule

Easy way to make a decision

Scientific way to make a correct judgement

Rule of thumb

9. Susan is a very bright student. She has noticed that, overall, it takes her less time to write a paper than it does some of her student friends. According to Sternberg's componential analysis research, Susan most likely takes _____ to research and plan the writing of her papers and ____ to do the actual writing of it.

More time; less time

Less time; more time

About the same amount of time; less time

10. H.H. Goddard proposed a linear scale of intelligence which ranked people from "idiots" to "highly intelligent." A linear scale such as this makes what supposition(s)?

Regardless of the individual situation, people have less or more of a single substance

Genetic causes of intellectual abilities are different than environmental causes

Neurological damage can cause greater variation in intelligence than environmental disadvantages

All of the above

11. Which of the following statements would be something that the behaviorist, John Watson, would say?

Thought reflects language

Language is necessary for thought to take place

Language determines the way a person perceives the world

Language and thought are not related

12. Dynamics

Constantly evolving

No meaningful connection between the sound of the word and its meaning

Can produce an infinite number of sentences

Can be generated in the absence of direct stimuli

13. Many languages of the world share a basic structure that appears to reflect the universal cognitive understanding of cause and effect. What is the basic structure?

Vocabulary which describes cause and effect

Syntax or grammar which has the subject coming before the object in a sentence

Syntax of grammar which has the object coming before the subject in a sentence

Conversational organization which reflects cause and effect

14. I have a basic algebra problem which I want to find a solution for I can solve this sort of problem best using....

Availability heuristic

Backward searching

Algorithms

Representativeness heuristic

15. Syntax

Meaning

Basic units of sound

Appropriateness of speech for situation

Grammar

16. Arbitrariness of units

Constantly evolving

No meaningful connection between the sound of the word and its meaning

Can produce an infinite number of sentences

Can be generated in the absence of direct stimuli

17. Chomsky's sentence, "they are cooking apples." is an example of the difference between

Surface and deep structure

Native English speaker and English as Second Language speaker

Arbitrariness of units and displacement

Regularity and multiplicity

18. I have flipped a fair coin 5 times and "heads" has come up each time so far. I go to flip it again and bet all my lunch money on the fact that it will come up "tails" now. Unfortunately, it comes up "heads" again. I have solved the problem of what will come up next wrong and have used ____ to make the decision

Backward searching

Forward searching

Gambler's fallacy

Confirmation bias

19. Researchers who study the effects of cultural differences on intelligence-test scores have shown that the IQs of first-generation Italian-Americans (less than a century ago) had a median of 87 (low average). Today, Italian-American students show slightly above average IQs. The most plausible explanation of such remarkable gains is...

Heredity

Cultural assimilation

Greater motivation

Better nutrition

20. Pragmatics

Meaning

Basic units of sound

Appropriateness of speech for situation

Grammar

21. Every day, new words are developed as new technology and cultural trends develop. For example, recent words that have been added to the dictionary include "tramp stamp" and "staycation." This constant growth and evolution of language refers to its

Regularity of structure

Multiplicity of structure

Dynamic quality

Communicative property

22. Eleanor Rosch did a study to try to tease apart the relationship between thought and language. She chose the Dani people of New Guinea to study because...

Their language is surprisingly close to English

Their language contains many words for "rice"

Their language contains only 2 basic color words

Their language contains a series of clicks

23. Convergent thinking

Is open-ended

Has a large number of potential solutions

Has no correct answer

Has a correct answer

24. My sister is more afraid to ride an airplane than in a car and will actually drive for two days to a destination rather than take a 2 hour plane ride. Her fear of air travel results from a misuse of which heuristic?

Framing effects

Confirmation bias

Illusory correlation

Availability

25. The main subfactors of intelligence, according to Horn and Cattell are,

Practical-, mechanical-, and verbal-educational

Fluid and crystallized intelligence

Verbal and performance abilities

Memory of reasoning abilities

26. _____ represents the accumulation of knowledge and is measured, for example, by vocabulary tests and general-information tests.

Fluid intelligence

Verbal comprehension

Creative intelligence

Crystallized intelligence

27. The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure is called

Validity

Reliability

Accuracy

All of the above

28. The productivity aspect of language is

The language can be produced in many ways

That language can produce many linguistic variations

That language can be broken down into essential parts

That language has an infinite number of possible utterances

29. Why do Cognitive Psychologists study language?

When people talk they can tell us what they are thinking

Slang helps us to understand people's cultural orientations

It is a behavior which reflects thought processes

All of the above

30. Poor readers

Slow down when they encounter unfamiliar material

Are fast readers

Make good teachers

Maintain the same reading speed regardless of whether the reading material is familiar or unfamiliar

31. Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult so specify clear ______ for the problems.

Analogies

Initial states

Goal states

Scripts

32. Reading consists of a number of cognitive processes. The reader's reliance on context reflects which perceptual process?

Attention process

Bottom up process

Top down processes

Auditory processes

33. Researchers who study the development of intelligence in young children have found that several factors in the preschool child's home environment may be linked to high IQ scores. One such factor is not...

Emotional and verbal responsitivity of the primary caregiver

The caregiver's involvement with the child

Opportunity for variety in daily stimulation

Political ideology

34. ____ requires an understanding of abstract and often novel relations, as required in inductive-reasoning test, such as analogies and series completions.

Fluid intelligence

Crystallized intelligence

Verbal intelligence

Operational intelligence

35. According to Spearman, the g factor in intelligence can best be described as...

A cube that represents the intersection of many ability dimensions

A large set of narrow and specific abilities

A verbal comprehension

A single general factor that pervades performance on all mental tests

36. According to Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of human intelligence, intelligence comprises three aspects; these deal with the relation of intelligence to the...

Internal world of the person, to experience, and to the external world

Internal world of the person, to the external world, and to heredity

Selection, shaping, and modification of our environments

Reasoning, problem solving, and decision making of the individual

37. In the study by Smith, Brown, Toman, and Goodman, what did Smith, the first author do?

He wrote up most of the paper

He remembered long, meaningless lists of nonsense syllables

He allowed himself to be injected with curare and paralyzed

He allowed his brain to be stimulated to activate long lost memories

38. Rosch's results from her study with the Dani indicate that...

The Dani cannot remember focal colors as well as English speakers

The Dani remember more about "rice" than do English speakers

The Dani remember focal colors in much the same way as English speakers do

The Dani remember only basic information and not the details that English speakers do

39. Last weekend we went over to Napa for some wine tasting. We bought a bottle of wine and some cheese and bread and sat down for our picnic when we realized that we had forgotten a corkscrew to open the wine. Several people in our group were dismayed that we could not open the wine until my son, the wine maker, suggested we use a sharpie we had in the car to push the cork into the bottle and drink the wine. It worked perfectly. My son had solved this problem because he was not stopped by what cognitive process?

Divergent thinking

Lateral thinking

Functional fixedness

Self-monitoring

40. The intelligence quotient (IQ) is the ratio of

Chronological age divided by mental age.

Mental age divided by chronological age

Chronological age divided by mental age, multiplied by 100

Mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100

41. In reading, the process of using orthography to identify meaning reflects which perceptual process?

Attentional processes

Bottom up processes

Top down processes

Semantic processes

42. The DONALD + GERALD = ROBERT problem could be considered a...

Well-defined problem

Problem which works well with a forward search

Problem which works well with a backward search

A and b

43. According to most researchers of intelligence, heredity

Fixes at birth a person's level of intelligence

Sets no limit on how intelligent a person may become

Sets some kind of upper limit on how intelligent a person may become

Has no bearing on an individual's level of intelligence

44. In the movie on language, Newmeyer said that language allows us to do an important cognitive process which is...

Organize concrete hierarchies

Think abstractly

Pass on information

Organize autobiographical information

45. Which of the following statements is true about language?

Similar words across languages always share the same meaning

Languages around the world are more different than they are similar

The ability to use more than one language appears to be universal among humans

None of the above

46. There is a third process which also seems to be an important part of the decoding we do when reading. This process was evident in the demonstration in class in which I asked you to cross out the "f"s in a short text. This task demonstrated which process that we use in reading?

Selective attention

Bottom up process

Top down process

Phonological process

47. At the age of 100, Chrissie Martenstein said that she has lived this long because she has "a martini every afternoon at 5." I decide to do the same so that I can live to be 100. This is an example of which heuristic.

Illusory correlation

Framing effects

Availability

Confirmation bias

48. Displacement

Constantly evolving

No meaningful connection between the sound of the word and its meaning

Can produce an infinite number of sentences

Can be generated in the absence of direct stimuli

49. There is strong support for the ideas of Crystallized and Fluid intelligence from ____ data

Cultural

Developmental

Comparative

None of the above

50. Among the early researchers of intelligence, Francis Galton viewed ____ as the key to intelligence, whereas Alfred Binet viewed ______ as most central to intelligence.

Adaptation; mental judgement

Psychophysical abilities; verbal competence

Adaptation; verbal competence

Psychophysical abilities; mental judgement