CNA Sample Final Examination Questions

IADL stands for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. These are tasks that are necessary for independent living and are not directly related to self-care. Examples of IADLs include managing finances, shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, and transportation. These activities require higher cognitive abilities and physical functioning.

The typical person requires 7.5 to 9 hours of sleep per day to maintain good health. This range allows for enough time to rest and recover, which is essential for overall well-being. Sleeping within this range can help improve cognitive function, boost immune system, regulate hormones, and support physical and mental health. It is important to prioritize getting enough sleep to ensure optimal health and functioning.

The correct answer is "Oesophagus (Esophagus)". The oesophagus is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. It is responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach through a process called peristalsis, which is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles in the oesophagus. The small intestine and large intestine are parts of the digestive system but are not directly involved in connecting the mouth and stomach.

Chyme is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and stomach secretions. After the process of digestion in the stomach, chyme is released and enters the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. Therefore, the statement that chyme leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine is true.

Water is essential for various bodily functions such as regulating body temperature, aiding in digestion and nutrient absorption, lubricating joints, and transporting nutrients and waste products. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of fluids in the body, supporting organ function, and promoting overall health and well-being. Therefore, the statement "almost everything except the above" accurately reflects the importance of water in our bodies.

Standing behind is almost always the best postion.

Mosquitos inject pathogens by puncturing the skin. When they bite, they use their specialized mouthparts to pierce the skin and access blood vessels. Through this puncture, they can introduce pathogens from their saliva into the bloodstream of the host. This is how diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus are transmitted by mosquitos. Cutting the skin or laying eggs on the skin are not methods by which mosquitos inject pathogens.

When the brain perceives a threat, it triggers the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones prepare the body for a fight-or-flight response by increasing heart rate and blood pressure. This physiological response helps to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles, enabling the individual to react quickly and effectively to the perceived threat. The increased heart rates and blood pressure are part of the body's adaptive response to ensure survival in a threatening situation.

The correct answer is "Bed low, chair -- remove arm and rests, all brakes on, dry floor and no hazards." This answer accurately summarizes the correct conditions before using the lift. The bed should be in the lowest position with brakes on, and the chair should have the arm and foot rests removed with brakes on as well. Additionally, the floor should be dry and free of any slip hazards.

Acute-care facilities are the correct answer because most hospitals are designed to provide immediate and short-term medical care for patients with severe or life-threatening conditions. These facilities are equipped with specialized medical equipment, staffed with healthcare professionals trained in emergency medicine, and have resources to provide critical care and perform surgeries. Long-term care facilities focus on providing extended care and support for individuals with chronic illnesses or disabilities, while chronic-care facilities specifically cater to patients requiring ongoing management of chronic conditions. Since most hospitals are not primarily designed for long-term or chronic care, the correct answer is acute-care facilities.

Vitamin A is essential for maintaining good vision. It helps in the production of a pigment called rhodopsin, which is necessary for proper functioning of the retina and the ability to see in low light conditions. A deficiency in vitamin A can lead to night blindness and other vision problems. Therefore, vitamin A plays a crucial role in supporting and maintaining healthy vision.

Most modern cultural diets are grain-based because grains, such as wheat, rice, and corn, are staple foods in many cultures around the world. Grains provide a good source of carbohydrates, which are essential for energy. They are also often affordable and readily available, making them a common choice for daily meals. Additionally, grains can be stored for long periods, making them an ideal food source for communities. However, it is important to note that cultural diets can vary greatly, and there are many other factors that influence dietary choices.

Physiological needs refer to the basic requirements for survival and maintaining bodily functions. Food and water are essential for sustaining life and providing the necessary nutrients and hydration. Without adequate food and water, the body cannot function properly, leading to various health issues and ultimately death. Therefore, food and water are crucial physiological needs that must be fulfilled to ensure overall well-being and survival.

Post-vention is necessary following a crisis situation because it is important to learn if the situation can be prevented next time. By analyzing the crisis and its causes, organizations can identify any weaknesses or gaps in their systems and processes. This allows them to implement measures and strategies to prevent similar crises from occurring in the future. This proactive approach helps to improve the overall effectiveness and resilience of the organization, ensuring that they are better prepared to handle any future challenges or crises.

The correct answer is bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites. These are the basic types of pathogens that can cause diseases in humans. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms, viruses are tiny infectious agents, fungi are multicellular organisms that can cause infections, and parasites are organisms that live on or inside another organism and rely on them for survival. These pathogens can cause a wide range of illnesses and infections in humans.

The advice to "keep hands away from the face" is because pathogens can enter the body through the eye's lower portals. The eyes are a vulnerable entry point for pathogens, and touching the face with contaminated hands increases the risk of transferring these pathogens to the eyes and potentially causing infections or diseases. Therefore, it is important to avoid touching the face, especially the eyes, to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission.

All the provided options can kill pathogens. Saliva in the mouth contains enzymes that can break down and kill some pathogens. Acid in the stomach is highly acidic, which can also kill many pathogens. Cooking food at high temperatures can kill pathogens by denaturing their proteins and destroying their cell membranes. Irradiation, a process that exposes food to ionizing radiation, can kill pathogens by damaging their DNA and preventing them from reproducing. Therefore, all the options mentioned can effectively kill pathogens in food.

All the provided sleep problems may require medical intervention because central sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, and narcolepsy are all serious sleep disorders that can have significant impacts on a person's health and quality of life. Medical intervention, such as medication, therapy, or lifestyle changes, may be necessary to manage and treat these conditions effectively.

All changes cause some stress because any kind of change, whether it is predicted or unpredictable, can disrupt our routine and require us to adapt. Even if a change is expected, it can still create stress because it may involve uncertainty or require us to step out of our comfort zone. Change often involves adjusting to new situations, learning new skills, or facing unknown challenges, all of which can be stressful. Therefore, it can be concluded that all changes, regardless of their nature, cause some level of stress.

Dementia is a progressive condition that affects cognitive function over time, leading to memory loss, difficulty in thinking, and changes in behavior. It develops slowly, often taking months or years to fully manifest. On the other hand, delirium is a sudden and severe disturbance in mental abilities, characterized by confusion, disorientation, and difficulty focusing. It can onset rapidly, sometimes within hours or days. Therefore, the statement that dementia strikes slowly while delirium can strike quickly is true.

Regular monitoring of blood sugars is necessary for diabetic diets because it helps individuals with diabetes to keep track of their blood sugar levels and make necessary adjustments to their diet and medication. By regularly monitoring blood sugars, individuals can identify patterns and trends in their blood sugar levels, which can help them make informed decisions about their food choices, insulin dosage, and overall diabetes management. This allows them to maintain stable blood sugar levels and prevent complications associated with high or low blood sugars.

The correct answer is to use a mannequin or healthy volunteer. This is because practicing lifts and transfers on a mannequin or a healthy volunteer allows the person to become familiar with the techniques and gain confidence before performing them on an elderly client. Using a mannequin or healthy volunteer also reduces the risk of injury to the client. Practicing on a pet dog or assuming that lifts are easy without practice may not provide the necessary skills and knowledge required for safe and effective lifts and transfers.

Risk means anything which might have a harmful outcome. This definition encompasses a wide range of possibilities, including potential negative consequences or dangers that may arise from various situations or actions. It acknowledges that risk exists in different contexts and can manifest in various forms. By understanding risk as something that could result in harm, individuals and organizations can take appropriate measures to mitigate or manage these potential hazards.

The correct answer is financial, emotional or physical. Abuse can occur in various forms, including financial, emotional, or physical. Financial abuse involves the misuse or exploitation of someone's financial resources. Emotional abuse refers to the psychological manipulation or harm inflicted on an individual through verbal or non-verbal actions. Physical abuse involves the use of physical force that causes bodily harm or injury. All of these options accurately represent different types of abuse that can occur.

The correct answer is to think about your message and the audience. This is because before providing information, it is important to consider what you want to convey and who you are addressing. Understanding the message and the audience helps in tailoring the information appropriately, ensuring it is relevant, clear, and effective. It allows for better communication and engagement with the audience, increasing the chances of successful information delivery. Memorizing the speech or including threats are not necessary or productive steps in providing information.

To heal a stretched ligament, the best approach is to rest it. Resting allows the ligament to recover and reduces the risk of further injury. By avoiding excessive movement or exercise, the ligament can heal naturally over time. While medications may help manage pain and inflammation, they do not directly heal the ligament itself. Therefore, resting the ligament is the most effective way to promote healing.

All the provided options may be useful for people with obstructive sleep apnea. Surgery can be helpful in cases where there is a physical obstruction causing the apnea. Weight loss can also be beneficial as it can reduce the amount of excess tissue that may be obstructing the airway. Oxygen machines can provide continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which helps to keep the airway open during sleep. Therefore, depending on the individual's specific condition and needs, any or all of these options may be useful in managing obstructive sleep apnea.

The term "aged" does not have a fixed definition based solely on a specific age range. It is influenced by various factors such as health, wealth, and other individual circumstances. One person may be considered aged at 40 due to poor health or financial difficulties, while another person may be considered aged only after reaching 80 years of age. Therefore, the term "aged" is subjective and can vary depending on different factors.

The given answer emphasizes the importance of checking various factors before performing a lift. It suggests that one should check their shoe laces to ensure they are not tripping hazards, check the floor for any obstacles or slippery surfaces, and check the client to assess their condition and any specific needs they may have. By doing so, one can ensure a safe and efficient lift.

Excess protein can be used as energy. When the body has more protein than it needs for building and repairing tissues, it can convert the excess protein into glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis. Glucose is then used as a source of energy by the body. This is especially important during periods of fasting or when carbohydrate intake is low. However, it is important to note that protein is primarily used for its role in tissue repair and synthesis, and excessive protein intake should be avoided as it can have negative effects on kidney function.

Micronutrients are essential nutrients that the body needs in small amounts for proper functioning. Some micronutrients, such as vitamin D and vitamin K, can be synthesized by the body when exposed to sunlight. The brain also plays a role in the synthesis of certain micronutrients, such as neurotransmitters. Additionally, plants are a major source of micronutrients, as they can absorb and convert nutrients from the soil into forms that can be utilized by humans and other animals. Therefore, the correct answer is that micronutrients can be manufactured by the body, brain, and plants.

Some micronutrients, such as vitamin D, can be synthesized by the body when exposed to sunlight. The skin produces vitamin D when it is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from the sun. Therefore, it is true that certain micronutrients can be created in the body.

The correct answer is nutrition, exercise, and cleanliness. These aspects of health are personally controllable because individuals have the ability to make choices and take actions that directly affect their nutrition, level of physical activity, and hygiene practices. By making healthy food choices, engaging in regular exercise, and maintaining good personal hygiene, individuals can positively impact their overall health and well-being.

Effective communication begins with listening. This is because listening allows us to fully understand and comprehend the message being conveyed by the speaker. By actively listening, we can gather information, show empathy, and respond appropriately. Without listening, communication becomes one-sided and ineffective, as we may miss important details or misunderstand the speaker's intentions. Therefore, listening is crucial in establishing clear and meaningful communication.

The given answer states that each of the provided options (lack of leadership, lack of policies, communication failures) can contribute to workplace violence. This means that all three factors can potentially lead to incidents of violence in the workplace. Lack of leadership can create a chaotic and unsafe work environment, lack of policies can result in unclear guidelines and expectations, and communication failures can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. Therefore, addressing these issues is crucial in preventing workplace violence.

Communication awareness tools include body language, voice tone, and volume. These tools are important in effective communication as they convey nonverbal cues and emotions. Body language, such as posture and gestures, can indicate interest, attentiveness, or discomfort. Voice tone and volume can convey emotions, assertiveness, or urgency. Being aware of these communication tools allows individuals to better understand and interpret messages, enhancing overall communication effectiveness.

Arthritis, dementia, stroke, conditioning, cancers, and heart disease can all limit the amount of exercise a person can engage in. These conditions can cause physical limitations, pain, or cognitive impairments that make it difficult or unsafe to participate in physical activities. However, wheelchairs and walkers are mobility aids that can actually facilitate exercise for individuals with mobility impairments. Therefore, the correct answer is "All except wheelchairs and walkers."

B vitamins are essential for various bodily functions. They play a crucial role in energy conversion by helping convert the food we eat into energy that our body can use. Additionally, B vitamins are important for the proper functioning of the immune system, which helps protect the body against infections and diseases. They also contribute to the creation of red blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Therefore, all the provided options are correct as B vitamins are needed for energy conversion, immune system function, and red blood cell creation.

The given options state that non-pathogens are microbes or bacteria or viruses that cause infection and disease, but this is incorrect. Non-pathogens are actually microorganisms that do not cause infection or disease in their host. They may be present in or on the body without causing harm or they may even have beneficial effects. Therefore, none of the options are correct.

Exercise benefits all cells and systems in the body. When we exercise, our muscles and skeleton are engaged, leading to increased strength and flexibility. Additionally, exercise promotes a healthy heart and lungs by improving cardiovascular fitness and increasing lung capacity. The nervous system also benefits from exercise as it helps improve coordination, balance, and cognitive function. Furthermore, exercise has positive effects on all cells and systems by increasing blood flow, boosting the immune system, and promoting overall well-being.

The major types of muscles are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are responsible for its contraction. Smooth muscles are found in organs such as the intestines and blood vessels, and they control involuntary movements. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for voluntary movements. These three types of muscles have different structures and functions, making them distinct from each other.

Infection in the young are more likely to cause fever and less likely to cause delirium.

Pharmacists are responsible for a variety of tasks, including diagnosing and prescribing medications in some countries, filing prescriptions written by physicians, and filing prescriptions in hospitals. These responsibilities ensure that patients receive the correct medications and that their prescriptions are properly filled.

Meeting your client's Level 3 needs includes ensuring good family relationships and family communications. This is because having positive and healthy relationships with family members can greatly contribute to a person's overall well-being and satisfaction. It can provide emotional support, a sense of belonging, and a support system during difficult times. Effective family communication is also important for resolving conflicts, expressing needs and concerns, and maintaining strong bonds. By prioritizing and promoting good family relationships and communication, the client's Level 3 needs can be met.

Thickened liquids can include starches, pulp, or fats to increase their viscosity and make them easier to swallow. Starches act as a thickening agent, while pulp adds texture and flavor to juices. Fats, such as butter or cream, can also be added to liquids to make them thicker and more palatable. Therefore, the correct answer is that thickened liquids may contain starches, pulp, or fats.

False. Opinions, even when they are wrong, drive actions. Actions can have consequences -- especially in health care.

Washing hands is the most effective way to limit the spread of infections in hospitals. Proper hand hygiene helps to remove and kill bacteria and viruses that may be present on the hands. By washing hands regularly and thoroughly, healthcare workers can prevent the transmission of pathogens to patients and other staff members. This simple practice can significantly reduce the risk of infections spreading within the hospital environment.

The skeletal system is responsible for providing structure, support, and protection to the body. It consists of bones, joints, and ligaments. Bones are the rigid structures that make up the skeleton, while joints are the points where two or more bones meet and allow for movement. Ligaments are tough bands of connective tissue that connect bones to each other and help stabilize the joints. Therefore, the correct answer is bones, joints, and ligaments.

Light exercise works for stress reduction because it removes oneself from the stressor, reduces cortisol, and forces the mind to think of something else. These are all positive outcomes of engaging in physical activity, which can help distract from stressors, lower stress hormone levels, and shift focus to more positive thoughts and sensations.

If a client complains of pain from eating hot, cold, or sweet foods, the problem may be receding gums. Receding gums occur when the gum tissue surrounding the teeth pulls back, exposing the tooth roots. This can lead to sensitivity and pain when consuming certain foods or drinks. Poorly fitting dentures, jaw infection, and dementia are not directly related to this specific symptom.

As we age, our bodies tend to slow down due to various factors such as decreased muscle mass, decreased metabolism, and reduced flexibility. This can result in a decline in physical performance and slower movements.

Sudden confusion is more likely a sign of infection -- often a UTI -- or stroke.

Micronutrients refer to the essential nutrients required by the body in small quantities for proper functioning. They include vitamins and minerals, which are necessary for various physiological processes, such as metabolism, growth, and immune function. Fats and carbohydrates are macronutrients, required in larger quantities for energy production, while proteins are also macronutrients but are primarily responsible for building and repairing tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is "Vitamins and minerals," as they are the micronutrients necessary for overall health and wellbeing.

Vitamins K are found in chlorophyll, organ meats, and the GI tract. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in green plants, which contains a small amount of vitamin K. Organ meats, such as liver and kidneys, are rich sources of vitamin K. The GI tract, specifically the large intestine, produces some vitamin K through the action of bacteria. Therefore, all three options mentioned in the answer contain vitamin K.

What motivates us is what we don't have.

Clear-liquid diets are usually recommended for short-term periods because they are easier to digest and provide minimal residue in the digestive system. These diets are typically free of fiber because fiber can be difficult to digest and may cause discomfort or bloating. Therefore, short-term clear-liquid diets are commonly prescribed before medical procedures or surgeries to ensure the digestive system is empty and clear.

Bacteria are single-celled microbes, meaning they consist of only one cell. They are about 1/10 the size of human cells, indicating that they are much smaller in comparison.

As a person ages, their maximum heart rate tends to decrease. A 100-year-old person in average condition can be expected to have a maximum heart rate of 120 beats per minute. This is because the heart muscles weaken and become less efficient with age, resulting in a lower maximum heart rate. Therefore, the correct answer is 120.

Insomnia refers to the condition where a person is unable to fall asleep. It is characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, leading to inadequate rest and daytime fatigue. This can be caused by various factors such as stress, anxiety, medical conditions, or certain medications. Insomnia can have a significant impact on a person's overall well-being and daily functioning, making it important to address and manage the underlying causes to improve sleep quality.

The ability to make the other person laugh is a strong predictor of a successful relationship because laughter promotes bonding, reduces stress, and creates positive emotions. When partners can make each other laugh, it indicates a shared sense of humor, mutual understanding, and the ability to bring joy into each other's lives. Laughing together can also help navigate difficult situations and strengthen the emotional connection between partners. Overall, laughter plays a crucial role in fostering happiness and intimacy in a relationship.

When dealing with long-term stress, it is important to remove yourself from the stressor, as being in constant contact with it can exacerbate the stress. Doing something different helps to distract the mind and provide a break from the stress. Laughing can release endorphins and help to reduce stress levels. Seeking support from friends, family, or a support group can provide emotional assistance and guidance in managing stress.

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the small intestine when gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, is consumed. This immune response leads to inflammation and damage to the small intestine, resulting in various symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and malabsorption of nutrients. Unlike an allergy, which involves an immune response to a specific allergen, coeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune condition that requires a lifelong gluten-free diet for management.

Dark urine, constipation, and wrinkly skin not explained by age are signs of inadequate water intake. Dark urine is a result of concentrated urine, indicating that the body is not getting enough water to properly dilute the waste products. Constipation can occur when there is not enough water in the digestive system to soften the stool, making it difficult to pass. Wrinkly skin that is not explained by age can be a sign of dehydration, as the skin loses its elasticity when it lacks proper hydration. These symptoms collectively suggest that the individual is not consuming enough water.

Fructose is a natural substance found in fruits, vegetables, and honey. While it is natural, consuming excessive amounts of fructose can have negative health effects. High fructose intake has been linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is not correct to say that fructose should not be a health concern.

The correct answer is that all the listed grains are common in diets. This means that rice, sorghum, corn, and wheat are all commonly consumed as part of people's diets.

Meeting your client's Level 2 needs includes ensuring safety and regular physician visits. This means that in addition to providing basic needs like nutrition, water, and pain relief, it is important to prioritize the safety of the client and ensure that they have access to regular medical check-ups and consultations with a physician. This ensures their overall well-being and helps to address any potential health concerns or issues they may have. Additionally, regular physician visits allow for early detection and prevention of any potential health problems.

Creative thinking may be necessary in situations that are new because there may not be established solutions or approaches to address them. Similarly, when the caregiver has not been trained for a specific situation, creative thinking becomes important to find alternative ways to handle it. When equipment is not working but work still needs to be done, creative thinking can help in finding temporary solutions or workarounds. Therefore, all the provided options can be situations where creative thinking is necessary.

As we age, our bodies become more vulnerable to various health disorders and conditions due to factors such as weakened immune systems and deteriorating organ functions. Additionally, the risk of falling also increases with age due to factors like decreased mobility, balance issues, and muscle weakness. Therefore, it is more likely that as we grow older, we will develop health disorders and conditions and also experience falls.

Exercise is important for the elderly because it helps slow down muscle atrophy, which refers to the shrinking of muscles that commonly occurs with age. Regular physical activity also increases balance, which can help prevent falls and injuries. Additionally, exercise helps with breathing by improving lung function and increasing overall cardiovascular fitness. Therefore, engaging in exercise can have multiple benefits for the elderly, including slowing down muscle atrophy, improving balance, and enhancing breathing.

Trips and falls when lifting can occur due to various factors, and the given options cover some of the common reasons. Wet floors can make the surface slippery, increasing the risk of losing balance while lifting. Untied shoelaces can cause individuals to trip over their own feet or get entangled, leading to falls. Obstacles on the floor, such as objects or clutter, can also be hazardous and cause trips or loss of stability. Therefore, all of these options are valid reasons for trips and falls when lifting.

Having more income often leads to better health because it provides individuals with greater access to resources and opportunities that can positively impact their well-being. With more income, people can afford better healthcare, nutritious food, safer living conditions, and access to education and employment opportunities that can improve their overall health outcomes. Additionally, higher income levels are often associated with reduced stress and better mental health, as financial stability can alleviate some of the burdens and worries that can negatively affect health.

Assertiveness is a communication style that allows individuals to express their thoughts, feelings, and needs while still considering and respecting the rights and opinions of others. It emphasizes being true to oneself and expressing oneself honestly and confidently, but without being aggressive or disrespectful towards others. Assertiveness promotes open and effective communication, encourages mutual understanding, and helps to maintain healthy relationships.

Pathogens are microbes that cause infection and disease. This means that they are microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, that can enter the body and cause harm. They are responsible for causing various illnesses and infections in humans and other organisms. It is important to understand pathogens and their effects in order to prevent and treat diseases effectively.

Cleanliness in health-care settings is considered a moral issue because it involves the ethical responsibility of healthcare professionals to maintain a clean and hygienic environment for the well-being and safety of patients. It is a matter of upholding moral values such as compassion, respect, and integrity in providing quality care. Failure to maintain cleanliness can lead to the spread of infections and compromise patient outcomes, which goes against the moral duty of healthcare providers to do no harm and prioritize the best interests of their patients.

The primary focus in choosing exercises for elderly clients is to improve flexibility and strength. As people age, their muscles tend to become weaker and less flexible, which can lead to a decline in mobility and an increased risk of falls. By focusing on exercises that target flexibility and strength, elderly clients can improve their overall physical function, maintain independence, and reduce the risk of injuries. Improving appetite and endurance are also important for overall health, but they are not the primary focus when choosing exercises for elderly clients.

Scientists discovered vitamins by finding foods that could treat certain diseases and disorders. This suggests that they were actively researching and experimenting with different foods to understand their potential benefits in treating specific health conditions. This discovery was not a result of random luck or chemists creating new molecules, but rather a deliberate scientific investigation into the relationship between food and health.

Nurses' responsibilities do not include diagnosing and prescribing medications. Diagnosing and prescribing medications are tasks that are typically performed by doctors or other healthcare professionals with advanced training and qualifications. Nurses play a vital role in patient care, but their responsibilities primarily involve administering medications as prescribed by the doctor, monitoring patients' conditions, providing emotional support, and assisting with various medical procedures.

If a family member has difficulty dealing with your client's condition, they may experience various negative outcomes. They may become ill themselves due to the stress and emotional strain of the situation. They may also become abusive towards the client or other family members as a result of their frustration and inability to cope. Additionally, their difficulties may create problems for the caregiving team, as their behavior and actions can disrupt the overall care and support provided to the client.

Maintaining a wide base of support means keeping your feet apart. This is important for stability and balance, as having a wider stance provides a larger foundation to support your body. By keeping your feet apart, you distribute your weight evenly and lower your center of gravity, making it easier to maintain balance and resist forces that may cause you to lose stability. This is particularly important in activities that require strength, such as lifting heavy objects or performing athletic movements, as a wide base of support increases stability and reduces the risk of falling or injury.

Excess levels of vitamin B do not cause fractures, sprains, strains, or depression. These symptoms may be caused by other factors, but not by an excess of vitamin B.

Circadian rhythm refers to the wake-sleep cycles of 24 hours. It is the natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle in humans and other organisms. This rhythm is influenced by external factors such as light and darkness, and it helps to maintain a regular sleep pattern and overall well-being. The other options mentioned in the question, such as biorhythms lasting over several weeks, the half-life cycles of medications, and the lunar month, are not related to circadian rhythm.

Poor dental hygiene can lead to poor appetite because when the teeth and gums are not properly taken care of, it can result in pain and discomfort while eating, leading to a decreased desire to eat. Dehydration can also occur as a result of poor dental hygiene because if there are oral health issues such as gum disease or tooth decay, it can cause difficulty in swallowing and drinking, leading to inadequate fluid intake. Additionally, poor dental hygiene has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. Bacteria from oral infections can enter the bloodstream and contribute to inflammation and plaque buildup in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart problems.

Protease is an enzyme that specifically breaks down proteins. Therefore, it makes sense that protease would begin the digestion of proteins.

Palliative care units are specifically designed to provide care and support for individuals who are terminally ill and nearing the end of their life. These units focus on managing pain and symptoms, improving quality of life, and providing emotional and spiritual support for both the patients and their families. Palliative care units are not meant for long-term care, acute-care, or chronic-care facilities, as their main goal is to address the unique needs of those who are terminally ill and dying. Therefore, the correct answer is "Deal with the terminally ill and dying."

The correct answer is "All of the options provided are correct." This means that registered nurses, psychiatric nurses, therapists, and nutritionists all have the responsibility to follow diagnosis and prescriptions from physicians and pharmacists, forward observations about patients to physicians and pharmacists, and monitor patients. This implies that all of these healthcare professionals play a crucial role in the patient's care and treatment process, working in collaboration with physicians and pharmacists to ensure the best possible outcomes for the patients.

Manners are social norms and customs that guide our behavior in order to avoid offending others. They are a set of polite and considerate actions that promote positive social interaction. Morals, on the other hand, are principles or beliefs about what is right or wrong, and they guide our behavior based on their impact on well-being and survival. The given statement correctly distinguishes between manners and morals, stating that manners focus on reducing offense to others, while morals encompass behaviors that affect well-being, including survival. Therefore, the answer "True" is correct.

Pureed foods are foods that have been blended or finely chopped into a smooth, uniform consistency. This process can be done manually or with the help of a blender or food processor. Pureeing can be done to various types of foods such as fruits, vegetables, meats, and grains. It is often used for individuals who have difficulty chewing or swallowing, as it makes the food easier to consume. The other options mentioned in the given choices, such as purification by cooking or pasteurization, straining to remove fiber, and always serving cold, are not necessarily true for all pureed foods.

The correct answer is 2 times that of women. This means that in developed countries, the death rate for men under 70 years of age is twice as high as the death rate for women in the same age group. This could be due to various factors such as differences in lifestyle choices, occupational hazards, and biological factors.

When stress is perceived, the brain signals for more adrenaline because adrenaline is a hormone that helps the body respond to stress. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels, preparing the body for a fight or flight response. Adrenaline helps to enhance focus, increase alertness, and improve physical performance in stressful situations.

The given options do not accurately describe the effects of fructose on insulin, ghrelin, bile salts, or fat production. Therefore, none of the provided options are correct.

In most places, diagnosing and prescribing is limited by law to physicians. In some places, pharmacists may also legally diagnose and prescribe.

The given options state that hospitals help the ill, help return people to health, and spread infections. The correct answer suggests that hospitals do all of these things, meaning that they provide assistance to those who are sick, aid in the recovery process, and unfortunately, can also be a source of infections due to the presence of various illnesses and pathogens within their premises.

Our heritage and genetic makeup are not controllable because they are determined by our genes and inherited from our ancestors. We cannot choose or change our genetic traits or the heritage we are born into. These factors are predetermined and beyond our control.

The correct answer is Curiosity, learning, trusting, loving. These behaviors are often developed and learned during childhood and continue to be important throughout a person's life. They are not typically behaviors that are learned only after childhood.

The given answer states that all of the provided options are useful techniques to control nervousness or fear when in front of an audience. This means that being prepared by knowing your material, focusing on the listener and their reasons for attending, as well as focusing on the message rather than yourself, are all effective ways to manage nervousness or fear in a public speaking situation. By following these techniques, individuals can feel more confident and deliver their message effectively to the audience.

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by the uncontrollable urge to fall asleep suddenly and unexpectedly, even in inappropriate situations. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone), sleep paralysis, and hallucinations. This condition affects the brain's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles, leading to excessive daytime sleepiness and frequent bouts of sleep attacks. Therefore, the correct answer is "Falling asleep suddenly and without warning."

The abort point refers to the stage in a lift where the decision can be made to cancel the lift and return the client to their original position before the lift was initiated. This could be due to various reasons such as the client experiencing discomfort or pain during the lift, the lift becoming unsafe or unstable, or any other factors that may require the lift to be stopped. The main purpose of the abort point is to prioritize the safety and well-being of the client, ensuring that they are not subjected to any unnecessary risks or harm during the lifting process.

Fats are essential for brain development because the brain is made up of about 60% fat and requires a steady supply of healthy fats for optimal function. Fats are also important for skin health as they help to maintain the integrity of the skin barrier and keep the skin moisturized. Additionally, fats are necessary for the formation and maintenance of cell membranes, which are vital for the proper functioning of all cells in the body. Lastly, fats provide physical protection to internal organs by acting as a cushioning layer around them, helping to absorb shocks and prevent injury. Therefore, all the provided options are correct.

Vitamins D and B12 can indeed be created in the bodies of healthy people. Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight, and vitamin B12 is produced by bacteria in the gut. Therefore, it is true that these vitamins can be created within the bodies of healthy individuals.