Chapter 1-test On Psychology, Sociology And Anthropology
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An examination of the introductory concepts of psychology, sociology and anthropology
- 1.
Plese answer the questions below, using complete sentences as appropriate. Make sure sufficient detail is included in each answer.1. Describe one method of study used by each discipline and provide and example of each.(6 marks)
- 2.
2. Explain two ways our culture's concept of kinship is evolving. (2 marks)
- 3.
3. Compare and contrast anthropology, sociology and psychology. You may do this question in chart form. (7 marks)
- 4.
Describe two of the studies examined in this chapter. For each, indicate who conducted the study and within which discipline, the methods used in the study and the findings discovered throughout the study. (12 marks)
- 5.
1. Fictive kinship is
- A.
The practice of acknowledging friends who are not biologically related as kin
- B.
The practice of considering kin only people who are biologically related
- C.
The practice of acknowledging as kin people who are not biologically related
- D.
The practice of acknowledging as important people who are not biologically related
Correct Answer
C. The practice of acknowledging as kin people who are not biologically relatedExplanation
Fictive kinship is the practice of acknowledging as kin people who are not biologically related. This means that individuals may consider their close friends or chosen family members as their kin, even though they do not share a biological relationship. Fictive kinship is a way of recognizing and valuing the importance of non-biological relationships and treating them as if they were family.Rate this question:
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- 6.
2. According to functionalists,
- A.
All cultures are set up to deal with the universal problems that societies face.
- B.
These problems are all connected with trying to meet eith physical or psychological needs
- C.
All problems can be dealt with the principle of binary opposites
- D.
A nd b
Correct Answer
D. A nd bExplanation
According to functionalists, all cultures are set up to deal with the universal problems that societies face, and these problems are all connected with trying to meet either physical or psychological needs. This means that cultures have developed various systems and structures to address these problems and ensure the well-being of individuals and the functioning of society as a whole. The principle of binary opposites, on the other hand, does not directly relate to the functionalist perspective and is not mentioned in the given information.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The main questions that structuralism ask are:
- A.
What the main principles that govern the way the human mind work?
- B.
How does this institution contribute the overall stability of society?
- C.
How does economic factors influence the type of culture that develops?
- D.
What are the laws of development that apply to all cultures?
Correct Answer
A. What the main principles that govern the way the human mind work?Explanation
Structuralism is a theoretical approach that seeks to understand the underlying structures and systems that shape human behavior and thought processes. It focuses on identifying the main principles that govern the way the human mind works. By studying these principles, structuralism aims to uncover the fundamental elements of human cognition and perception. This understanding can then be applied to various fields such as psychology, linguistics, and anthropology. By exploring the principles that govern the human mind, structuralism provides insights into the nature of consciousness and how it influences our behavior and interactions with society.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Determinism, which says that the types of technology and economic methods that are adopted always determine the type of society that develops, is a theory that is associated with:
- A.
Functionalism
- B.
Structuralism
- C.
Cultural materialsm
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Cultural materialsmExplanation
Cultural materialism is the theory associated with determinism, which suggests that the types of technology and economic methods adopted in a society ultimately shape the development of that society. This theory emphasizes the influence of material conditions, such as technology and economic systems, on social and cultural aspects of a society. It argues that these material conditions play a significant role in determining the structure and functioning of a society. Therefore, the correct answer is cultural materialism.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The type of question that cultural materialism asks are:
- A.
What purpose in society does this institution serve?
- B.
How do population and economic factors influence the type of culture that develops?
- C.
Do all cultures develop complex rules that are developed on binary opposites
- D.
Is it only the material of culture that is important?
Correct Answer
B. How do population and economic factors influence the type of culture that develops?Explanation
Cultural materialism asks about the influence of population and economic factors on the development of culture. It aims to understand how these factors shape and influence the type of culture that emerges in a society. By examining the relationship between population size, economic systems, and cultural practices, cultural materialism seeks to uncover the reasons behind the development and evolution of different cultural institutions and norms. This question aligns with the central focus of cultural materialism, which is to explore the impact of population and economic factors on the formation of culture.Rate this question:
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- 10.
In psychololgy, confederates are known as:
- A.
Individuals who are unaware of the experiment
- B.
Individuals who are members of the experiment teams
- C.
Individuals who simply watch the experiment
- D.
Individuals who create and design the experiment
Correct Answer
B. Individuals who are members of the experiment teamsExplanation
Confederates in psychology refer to individuals who are members of the experiment teams. These individuals are aware of the experiment and actively participate in it, often playing specific roles assigned by the researchers. They are not unaware of the experiment like the first option suggests, nor are they simply observers like the third option implies. The confederates play a crucial part in creating a controlled environment and manipulating variables to study the effects on other participants. They help researchers gather data and observe the reactions and behaviors of the actual participants.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In the experiement, where people began a Frisbee game in the waiting room at Grand Central Station, the most important variable was:
- A.
How the onlookers perceived the event
- B.
If the confederate reacted positively or negatively
- C.
How the experiment was designed
- D.
The fact that the experiment was held in Grand Central Station
Correct Answer
B. If the confederate reacted positively or negativelyExplanation
The most important variable in the experiment was whether the confederate reacted positively or negatively. This suggests that the behavior and response of the confederate had a significant impact on the participants and the overall outcome of the Frisbee game. It implies that the participants' behavior and perception were influenced by how the confederate reacted, which could have affected the dynamics of the game and the overall atmosphere in the waiting room.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Behaviourism states that:
- A.
The unconscious mind can be unlocked through dream analysis and hynosis
- B.
By identifying the factors that motivate human behaviour, psychologist can predict and control it-they can treat patients with problem behaviours
- C.
By controlling the way in which humans learn behaviour, society can have a great influence on the their ultimate personalities
- D.
States that children respond better to flexible rules in their upbringing.
Correct Answer
B. By identifying the factors that motivate human behaviour, psychologist can predict and control it-they can treat patients with problem behavioursExplanation
Behaviourism is a psychological perspective that focuses on observable behavior and believes that human behavior can be understood and controlled by identifying the factors that motivate it. By identifying these factors, psychologists can predict and control behavior, allowing them to effectively treat patients with problem behaviors. This approach emphasizes the importance of understanding the causes of behavior and using that knowledge to modify and shape behavior as needed.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Psychoanalytic Theory includes the following:
- A.
Id, ego, trickster
- B.
Id, ego, superego
- C.
Ego, archetype, anima
- D.
Animus, superego, id
Correct Answer
B. Id, ego, superegoExplanation
Psychoanalytic Theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, consists of three components: the id, ego, and superego. The id represents the unconscious and instinctual desires, seeking immediate gratification. The ego acts as the mediator between the id and the external world, balancing the desires of the id with the reality of the situation. The superego represents the internalized moral standards and values of society. Together, these three elements form the structure of the human psyche and influence behavior and personality. The options "ego, archetype, anima" and "animus, superego, id" do not accurately represent the components of Psychoanalytic Theory.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which psychological theorist would be assoicated with the following statement:animal experiments are a true predictor of human behaviour
- A.
Carl Jung
- B.
B. F. Skinner
- C.
Benjamin Spock
- D.
Sigmund Freud
Correct Answer
B. B. F. SkinnerExplanation
B.F. Skinner would be associated with the statement "animal experiments are a true predictor of human behavior" because he was a behaviorist who emphasized the importance of studying observable behavior. Skinner believed that behavior could be understood and predicted by examining the consequences of actions, and he conducted many experiments using animals to study behavior. He developed the theory of operant conditioning, which suggests that behavior is shaped by reinforcement or punishment, and this theory can be applied to both animals and humans. Therefore, it is likely that Skinner would support the idea that animal experiments can provide insights into human behavior.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Deviance is defined:
- A.
Individuals who constantly break the law
- B.
Indivuals whose behaviour is different from the societal norm
- C.
Individuals who enjoy be different
- D.
Individuals who question the legal system
Correct Answer
B. Indivuals whose behaviour is different from the societal normExplanation
The correct answer is "individuals whose behavior is different from the societal norm." Deviance refers to actions or behaviors that deviate from what is considered normal or acceptable in a particular society or culture. It does not necessarily imply breaking the law or enjoying being different, but rather focuses on behaviors that go against the established norms and values of a society.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The following schools of thought, stuctural-functionalism, neo-marxism, sybolic interactionism, feminist theory and inclusionism, are associated with which way of examing behaviour and society?
- A.
Psychology
- B.
Sociology
- C.
Anthropology
- D.
Cultural-materialism
Correct Answer
B. SociologyExplanation
The correct answer is sociology. The question asks about the schools of thought associated with examining behavior and society, and all of the mentioned schools of thought are commonly studied within the field of sociology. Each of these perspectives offers unique insights into understanding social behavior and the structures of society.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The following statement, "It is how we as individuals process and interpret what we observe in society, not society's institutions, that form the core of our value system" describes which theoy of sociology:
- A.
Neo-marxism
- B.
Structural-functionalism
- C.
Symbolic interactionism
- D.
Feminism
Correct Answer
C. Symbolic interactionismExplanation
Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that focuses on the interaction between individuals and the meanings they attach to symbols and social interactions. It emphasizes that the core of our value system is formed through the process of how we as individuals interpret and process what we observe in society. This theory suggests that our values are not solely determined by society's institutions, but rather by the meanings and interpretations we give to our social interactions and observations.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Assimilationist is
- A.
The outdated view that racial and ethnic minorities would gradually be absorbed into the culture of the majority, through public institutions like school
- B.
A theory that suggests the best way to understand a society is to understand all the parts that are assimilated into the whole
- C.
An individual who beliefs that race, religion and gender are very important
- D.
An indivuals who believes that it is dangerous to be too assimilatinist
Correct Answer
A. The outdated view that racial and ethnic minorities would gradually be absorbed into the culture of the majority, through public institutions like schoolExplanation
The correct answer is the outdated view that racial and ethnic minorities would gradually be absorbed into the culture of the majority, through public institutions like school. Assimilationist refers to the belief that minority groups should assimilate into the dominant culture, often through education and other public institutions. This view disregards the importance of preserving diverse cultural identities and can perpetuate inequality by promoting the dominance of one culture over others.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Aug 17, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 28, 2008Quiz Created by
Colleenheatheran
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