PRAXIS II Social Sciences Content Knowledge Exam Prep

Explanation
Positivists are social scientists who use methods similar to those of natural sciences. They believe that social phenomena can be studied and understood through empirical observation and the application of scientific principles. Positivists aim to uncover universal laws and objective truths about society by using quantitative data and statistical analysis. They emphasize objectivity, neutrality, and the use of controlled experiments in their research. This approach contrasts with other perspectives, such as interpretivism, which focus on subjective meanings and social constructions.

Explanation
Interpretivists engage in social critique by examining and interpreting the meanings, symbols, and subjective experiences of individuals within society. They focus on understanding the social world from the perspective of those involved, rather than relying solely on objective data or general laws. Through their analysis, interpretivists aim to uncover the underlying social structures and processes that shape individuals' actions and interactions. This approach allows them to critically examine and challenge prevailing social norms, values, and power dynamics.

Explanation
Taxonomy is not a social science because it is the scientific classification of organisms based on their characteristics and relationships. It involves categorizing and naming species, which is a biological field of study. Sociology, anthropology, and economics, on the other hand, are social sciences that examine human behavior, societies, cultures, and economic systems.

Explanation
Anthropology is often regarded as the "science of man" because it is the study of human beings, their cultures, societies, and physical characteristics. It examines various aspects of human life such as language, social structures, beliefs, and behaviors, with a focus on understanding the diversity and evolution of human societies throughout history. Sociology, on the other hand, is the study of society and social behavior, while ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. History is the study of past events and their impact on societies.

Explanation
Chemical anthropology is not a branch of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of humans and human societies, and it is typically divided into four main branches: physical anthropology, archaeology, anthropological linguistics, and cultural anthropology. Physical anthropology focuses on the biological and physical aspects of human beings, while archaeology studies past human cultures through the analysis of artifacts and structures. Anthropological linguistics explores language and its role in human societies. Chemical anthropology, however, is not a recognized branch of anthropology and is not commonly studied or recognized within the field.

Explanation
Jurisprudence is the correct answer because it refers to the social science of law. It involves the study, interpretation, and philosophy of law, as well as the principles and theories behind it. Linguistics, humanities, and ethics are not specifically focused on the study of law, making them incorrect choices.

Explanation
Personology is not related to linguistics because it is the study of individual personalities and character traits, rather than the study of language and its structure (syntax), sounds (phonetics), or meaning (semantics). Linguistics focuses on the scientific study of language, including its grammar, sounds, and meaning, while personology focuses on the study of human personality.

Explanation
Singularism is the approach that is alien to social science. Singularism refers to the belief that social phenomena can be explained by focusing on individual actions and behaviors rather than broader social structures and institutions. In contrast, social science typically emphasizes the study of social institutions, collective behavior, and broader social forces to understand and explain social phenomena. Therefore, singularism is considered an approach that deviates from the traditional methods and theories of social science.

Explanation
Economics involves the most mathematics compared to the other branches of social science. It utilizes mathematical models and statistical analysis to study and understand various economic phenomena such as supply and demand, market equilibrium, and economic growth. Mathematical techniques like calculus, algebra, and statistics are commonly used in economic theories and empirical research. By quantifying economic concepts and relationships, mathematics enables economists to make predictions, analyze data, and develop policy recommendations. Therefore, economics heavily relies on mathematical tools and methods, making it the branch of social science that involves mathematics the most.

Explanation
Social stratification is the division of society into different social classes or groups based on various factors. In this context, income is considered a standard for social stratification because it plays a significant role in determining an individual's social status and access to resources. Income levels often determine the opportunities and privileges available to individuals, such as education, healthcare, and overall quality of life. Therefore, income is a widely recognized and accepted measure for categorizing individuals into different social classes or strata.