Chapter 15: Genes And How They Work

51 Questions | By Aggiegal8 | Updated: Mar 17, 2022 | Attempts: 197

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1.

The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits requires the deciphering of the information encoded in genes into
- A.
  
  Amino acids.
- B.
  
  Nucleotides.
- C.
  
  Proteins.
- D.
  
  Histone molecules.
- E.
  
  Complementary bases.
2.

Both DNA and RNA are made up of building blocks known as
- A.
  
  Nucleotides.
- B.
  
  Complementary base pairs.
- C.
  
  Amino acids.
- D.
  
  Genes.
3.

The "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis was proposed by
- A.
  
  Watson and Crick.
- B.
  
  Griffith.
- C.
  
  Garrod.
- D.
  
  Franklin.
- E.
  
  Beadle and Tatum.
4.

DNA and RNA nucleotides are composed of five carbon sugars, phosphate, and nitrogen bases. How many total nitrogen bases are there for use in the two nucleic acids?
- A.
  
  2
- B.
  
  3
- C.
  
  4
- D.
  
  5
5.

The polypeptide-making organelles residing in the cytoplasm are large protein aggregates to which RNA is associated. They are called
- A.
  
  Ribosomes.
- B.
  
  Golgi bodies.
- C.
  
  Lysosomes.
- D.
  
  The endoplasmic reticulum.
- E.
  
  Mitochondria.
6.

Amino acids are transported to the ribosome for use in building the polypeptide by
- A.
  
  MRNA molecules.
- B.
  
  TRNA molecules.
- C.
  
  DNA polymerase molecules.
- D.
  
  RRNA molecules.
- E.
  
  DNA ligase molecules.
7.

The process in which an RNA polymerase molecule assembles an mRNA molecule whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA sequence is called
- A.
  
  Gene amplification.
- B.
  
  Translation.
- C.
  
  Transcription.
- D.
  
  Polypeptide sequencing.
- E.
  
  Complementary base pairing.
8.

Similar to the complementary purine-pyrimidine relationship observed in DNA, which of the following choices pairs with adenine in RNA?
- A.
  
  Thymine
- B.
  
  Cytosine
- C.
  
  Guanine
- D.
  
  Uracil
9.

The nucleotide sequence of a mRNA codon is composed of how many bases?
- A.
  
  1
- B.
  
  2
- C.
  
  3
- D.
  
  16
- E.
  
  64
10.

The hereditary information in DNA is conveyed through the
- A.
  
  Production of all three kinds of RNA molecules.
- B.
  
  Production of a lipid bilayer.
- C.
  
  Production of DNA copies.
- D.
  
  Production of many proteins and polypeptides.
- E.
  
  Production of all of the codons.
11.

Protein synthesis takes place on
- A.
  
  The plasma membrane.
- B.
  
  The nucleus.
- C.
  
  Ribosomes.
- D.
  
  Lysosomes.
- E.
  
  Microbodies.
12.

Ribosomes are complex arrangements of
- A.
  
  RNA and DNA.
- B.
  
  RNA and large proteins.
- C.
  
  RNA and sugars.
- D.
  
  DNA and proteins.
- E.
  
  Nucleosomes and RNA.
13.

The sites A, P, and E are progressively occupied by amino acids being assembled into a chain in protein synthesis. These sites are part of
- A.
  
  Small ribosomal subunit.
- B.
  
  Large ribosomal subunit.
- C.
  
  MRNA.
- D.
  
  TRNA.
- E.
  
  DNA (the gene itself.)
14.

Each amino acid has a specific tRNA molecule that can transport it to the site of protein synthesis. Therefore, in humans the number of different tRNA molecules would be
- A.
  
  3.
- B.
  
  20.
- C.
  
  40.
- D.
  
  80.
- E.
  
  Thousands.
15.

In eukaryotic cells, mRNA is made as a copy of the DNA coding information in the
- A.
  
  Cytoplasm.
- B.
  
  Mitochondria.
- C.
  
  ER.
- D.
  
  Nucleus.
- E.
  
  Plasma membrane.
16.

Gene expression includes which two of the following processes?
- A.
  
  Transcription and replication
- B.
  
  Replication and repression
- C.
  
  Protein synthesis and replication
- D.
  
  Mutation and cell division
- E.
  
  Transcription and translation
17.

The enzyme that initiates transcription is
- A.
  
  RNA polymerase.
- B.
  
  DNA polymerase.
- C.
  
  Carbonic anhydrase.
- D.
  
  ATP synthetase.
- E.
  
  Transformation principle.
18.

Because nucleic acid sequence information is changed into amino acid sequence information, polypeptide synthesis is known as
- A.
  
  Breaking the code.
- B.
  
  Decoding.
- C.
  
  Transcription.
- D.
  
  Translocation.
- E.
  
  Translation.
19.

The number of nucleotides required to specify an amino acid is
- A.
  
  1.
- B.
  
  2.
- C.
  
  3.
- D.
  
  4.
- E.
  
  A variable number.
20.

The genetic code operates on all the following principles except
- A.
  
  All four of the nucleotide bases must be used.
- B.
  
  Each combination of any three nucleotides can act as a codon.
- C.
  
  The first nucleotide in every codon is always the same.
- D.
  
  A particular codon always specifies the same amino acid.
21.

How many unique mRNA codons can be constructed from the four different RNA nucleotides?
- A.
  
  4
- B.
  
  8
- C.
  
  16
- D.
  
  32
- E.
  
  64
22.

The 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA is called the
- A.
  
  Codon.
- B.
  
  Anticodon.
- C.
  
  Amino acid.
- D.
  
  Transcript.
- E.
  
  Template.
23.

Besides the triplet nature of the genetic code, the other major piece of information that was provided by Crick and his coworkers is that
- A.
  
  Each codon specified a different amino acid.
- B.
  
  The code of all DNA molecules is the same.
- C.
  
  The proteins made from the coded information are always the same.
- D.
  
  The reading of the code occurs without any punctuation.
- E.
  
  The genetic code is the same in all organisms with no exceptions.
24.

The tRNA nucleotide sequence that lines up on the mRNA is
- A.
  
  An intron.
- B.
  
  An exon.
- C.
  
  A release factor.
- D.
  
  An initiation factor.
- E.
  
  An anticodon.
25.

Protein synthesis proceeds by the ribosome
- A.
  
  Alternating between many chains.
- B.
  
  Moving three nucleotides at a time on the mRNA.
- C.
  
  Attaching amino acids in a random fashion.
- D.
  
  Selecting the tRNA molecule that fits.
- E.
  
  Attaching amino acids to the growing chain without charged tRNAs.