Chapter 15: Genes And How They Work
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- 1.The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits requires the deciphering of the information encoded in genes into
- A.
Amino acids.
- B.
Nucleotides.
- C.
Proteins.
- D.
Histone molecules.
- E.
Complementary bases.
- 2.Both DNA and RNA are made up of building blocks known as
- A.
Nucleotides.
- B.
Complementary base pairs.
- C.
Amino acids.
- D.
Genes.
- 3.The "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis was proposed by
- A.
Watson and Crick.
- B.
Griffith.
- C.
Garrod.
- D.
Franklin.
- E.
Beadle and Tatum.
- 4.DNA and RNA nucleotides are composed of five carbon sugars, phosphate, and nitrogen bases. How many total nitrogen bases are there for use in the two nucleic acids?
- A.
2
- B.
3
- C.
4
- D.
5
- 5.The polypeptide-making organelles residing in the cytoplasm are large protein aggregates to which RNA is associated. They are called
- A.
Ribosomes.
- B.
Golgi bodies.
- C.
Lysosomes.
- D.
The endoplasmic reticulum.
- E.
Mitochondria.
- 6.Amino acids are transported to the ribosome for use in building the polypeptide by
- A.
MRNA molecules.
- B.
TRNA molecules.
- C.
DNA polymerase molecules.
- D.
RRNA molecules.
- E.
DNA ligase molecules.
- 7.The process in which an RNA polymerase molecule assembles an mRNA molecule whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA sequence is called
- A.
Gene amplification.
- B.
Translation.
- C.
Transcription.
- D.
Polypeptide sequencing.
- E.
Complementary base pairing.
- 8.Similar to the complementary purine-pyrimidine relationship observed in DNA, which of the following choices pairs with adenine in RNA?
- A.
Thymine
- B.
Cytosine
- C.
Guanine
- D.
Uracil
- 9.The nucleotide sequence of a mRNA codon is composed of how many bases?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
16
- E.
64
- 10.The hereditary information in DNA is conveyed through the
- A.
Production of all three kinds of RNA molecules.
- B.
Production of a lipid bilayer.
- C.
Production of DNA copies.
- D.
Production of many proteins and polypeptides.
- E.
Production of all of the codons.
- 11.Protein synthesis takes place on
- A.
The plasma membrane.
- B.
The nucleus.
- C.
Ribosomes.
- D.
Lysosomes.
- E.
Microbodies.
- 12.Ribosomes are complex arrangements of
- A.
RNA and DNA.
- B.
RNA and large proteins.
- C.
RNA and sugars.
- D.
DNA and proteins.
- E.
Nucleosomes and RNA.
- 13.The sites A, P, and E are progressively occupied by amino acids being assembled into a chain in protein synthesis. These sites are part of
- A.
Small ribosomal subunit.
- B.
Large ribosomal subunit.
- C.
MRNA.
- D.
TRNA.
- E.
DNA (the gene itself.)
- 14.Each amino acid has a specific tRNA molecule that can transport it to the site of protein synthesis. Therefore, in humans the number of different tRNA molecules would be
- A.
3.
- B.
20.
- C.
40.
- D.
80.
- E.
Thousands.
- 15.In eukaryotic cells, mRNA is made as a copy of the DNA coding information in the
- A.
Cytoplasm.
- B.
Mitochondria.
- C.
ER.
- D.
Nucleus.
- E.
Plasma membrane.
- 16.Gene expression includes which two of the following processes?
- A.
Transcription and replication
- B.
Replication and repression
- C.
Protein synthesis and replication
- D.
Mutation and cell division
- E.
Transcription and translation
- 17.The enzyme that initiates transcription is
- A.
RNA polymerase.
- B.
DNA polymerase.
- C.
Carbonic anhydrase.
- D.
ATP synthetase.
- E.
Transformation principle.
- 18.Because nucleic acid sequence information is changed into amino acid sequence information, polypeptide synthesis is known as
- A.
Breaking the code.
- B.
Decoding.
- C.
Transcription.
- D.
Translocation.
- E.
Translation.
- 19.The number of nucleotides required to specify an amino acid is
- A.
1.
- B.
2.
- C.
3.
- D.
4.
- E.
A variable number.
- 20.The genetic code operates on all the following principles except
- A.
All four of the nucleotide bases must be used.
- B.
Each combination of any three nucleotides can act as a codon.
- C.
The first nucleotide in every codon is always the same.
- D.
A particular codon always specifies the same amino acid.
- 21.How many unique mRNA codons can be constructed from the four different RNA nucleotides?
- A.
4
- B.
8
- C.
16
- D.
32
- E.
64
- 22.The 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA is called the
- A.
Codon.
- B.
Anticodon.
- C.
Amino acid.
- D.
Transcript.
- E.
Template.
- 23.Besides the triplet nature of the genetic code, the other major piece of information that was provided by Crick and his coworkers is that
- A.
Each codon specified a different amino acid.
- B.
The code of all DNA molecules is the same.
- C.
The proteins made from the coded information are always the same.
- D.
The reading of the code occurs without any punctuation.
- E.
The genetic code is the same in all organisms with no exceptions.
- 24.The tRNA nucleotide sequence that lines up on the mRNA is
- A.
An intron.
- B.
An exon.
- C.
A release factor.
- D.
An initiation factor.
- E.
An anticodon.
- 25.Protein synthesis proceeds by the ribosome
- A.
Alternating between many chains.
- B.
Moving three nucleotides at a time on the mRNA.
- C.
Attaching amino acids in a random fashion.
- D.
Selecting the tRNA molecule that fits.
- E.
Attaching amino acids to the growing chain without charged tRNAs.
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