Ch. 2.3 Spain Builds An Empire

The correct answer is "conquistadors." Conquistadors were soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas during the Age of Exploration. They were primarily Spanish and sought to conquer and colonize new territories, particularly in Central and South America. These expeditions led to the establishment of Spanish colonies and the eventual decline of indigenous civilizations. The term "conquistador" comes from the Spanish word "conquistar," which means "to conquer."

The correct answer is Moctezuma II or Montezuma II. Moctezuma II, also known as Montezuma II, was the ruler of the Aztec Empire when the Spanish arrived.

Large farms that grew just one kind of crop are known as plantations. Plantations are typically large-scale agricultural estates that specialize in the cultivation of a single crop, such as cotton, tobacco, or sugar cane. These farms were prevalent in colonial and post-colonial eras, particularly in regions like the American South, the Caribbean, and parts of Africa. The focus on monoculture allowed for efficient production and exportation of the chosen crop, often relying on enslaved labor. Plantations played a significant role in shaping the economies and social structures of the regions where they were established.

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Tenochtitlan was the capital city of the Aztec Empire, which was built on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco. The city was strategically located on the lake, providing natural defenses and easy access to resources. It was a highly advanced and sophisticated city, known for its impressive architecture, intricate canal system, and bustling markets. Tenochtitlan was the political, economic, and cultural center of the Aztec civilization, making it a significant and influential city in Mesoamerican history.

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The system that gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or make them work was the encomienda system. This was a Spanish colonial practice where the Spanish crown granted a person, known as an encomendero, a certain number of indigenous people to oversee and exploit. The encomendero had the authority to collect tribute from the indigenous people in the form of labor, goods, or taxes. This system was used to establish control over the indigenous population and extract resources from them for the benefit of the Spanish colonizers.

Presidios were the Spanish military bases established in various regions. These fortified structures served as garrisons to protect Spanish territories, particularly in the Americas. Presidios were strategically located and provided defense against external threats, such as indigenous resistance or foreign invasion. They played a crucial role in securing Spanish control over their colonies and facilitating the expansion of their empire. The term "presidio" is derived from the Spanish word meaning "prison" or "jail," reflecting their function as both military installations and detention centers.

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