Biology - Cells Quiz

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane is known as osmosis. Osmosis occurs when there is a difference in solute concentration on either side of the membrane, causing water molecules to move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This process is important for maintaining the balance of water and solutes in living organisms.

Prokaryotes are the type of cells that do not have a nucleus. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller and simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells. They are found in bacteria and archaea, and their genetic material is located in the cytoplasm rather than within a nucleus.

The combination of endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and cell wall can only be found in a plant cell. The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, while chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy through cellular respiration. The cell wall provides structural support and protection to the cell. These organelles are unique to plant cells and are not found in animal cells.

The process described in the question is endocytosis. Endocytosis is a cellular process in which the cell takes in substances from the external environment by forming a vacuole of the cell membrane around the nutrient. Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are specific types of endocytosis. Phagocytosis refers to the engulfment of solid particles, while pinocytosis refers to the engulfment of liquid particles. Therefore, both phagocytosis and pinocytosis are correct answers since they are specific types of endocytosis.

if you read the explanation for #16, water is moving into the cell. since more water is moving in than out and there is a cell membrane to hold everything inside, the cell would get bigger.

By definition, hypertonic cells have more solutes inside the cell and since the solutes can cross the membrane, you would expect them to go from the hypertonic side (inside) to the hypotonic side (outside).

since the cell is hypertonic, it has more solute and thus less space for water so the conc. of water is lower inside the cell. Since water moves by osmosis from high to low, it would go into the cell.

Luis Pasteur was not involved in the formation of the cell theory. The cell theory was formulated by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow. Pasteur, on the other hand, made significant contributions to microbiology and is known for his work on pasteurization and the germ theory of disease. While his work was related to cells and microorganisms, he was not directly involved in the formulation of the cell theory.

Nucleic acids are not part of the cell membrane. The cell membrane is mainly composed of lipids, specifically phospholipids, which form a lipid bilayer. Proteins are also an important component of the cell membrane, as they help with various functions such as transport and signaling. Carbohydrates can be found on the surface of the cell membrane, serving as recognition molecules. However, nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are not typically found in the cell membrane. They are primarily located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, where they play a role in genetic information storage and protein synthesis.

Cell specialization, also known as cell differentiation, refers to the process in which cells in an organism acquire distinct structures and functions to perform specific tasks. During development, cells undergo changes in gene expression, leading to the formation of different cell types with specialized functions. This allows for the efficient functioning of various tissues and organs in an organism. Cell specialization is crucial for the proper functioning of complex multicellular organisms and plays a vital role in processes such as embryonic development, tissue repair, and maintaining homeostasis.

The cell theory states that new cells are made from existing cells. This means that cells have the ability to reproduce and create more cells through processes such as cell division. This concept is fundamental to understanding how living organisms grow, develop, and repair themselves. It also supports the idea that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the building blocks of life.

The cell wall is responsible for keeping a plant cell from bursting if the osmotic pressure increases. The cell wall is a rigid structure made up of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane. It provides support and protection to the cell, preventing it from expanding too much when water enters the cell through osmosis. The cell wall maintains the shape and integrity of the cell, ensuring that it does not burst under increased osmotic pressure.

the water would leave the cell because the concentration of water outside the cell is lower (since part of the solution is taken up with salt) and water will move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration by osmosis

Diffusion is the process by which molecules move randomly from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This movement occurs due to the random motion of molecules, without the need for any external force or energy input. The molecules naturally spread out and distribute themselves evenly, resulting in a decrease in concentration in the area of higher concentration and an increase in concentration in the area of lower concentration.

Active transport is named as such because it requires energy. Unlike passive transport, which relies on the natural movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration, active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient. This process requires the use of energy to pump molecules across a cell membrane, allowing for the movement of substances such as ions or larger molecules. The energy is typically provided by ATP, the cell's primary energy source. Therefore, the name "active transport" accurately reflects the energy-dependent nature of this process.

Passive transport refers to the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy. Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of molecules across the membrane with the help of specific carrier proteins. Therefore, the correct answer includes these three types of passive transport: diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

Remember, in hyper- hypo- or isotonic solutions, we are comparing the amount of solute in the solvent. Since the solute is sugar, there is more of it in the beaker than the baggie and so the baggie is less or hypotonic.

Most cells in living things prevent changes in osmotic pressure from affecting their shape by generally not coming in contact with environments very different than that inside the cell. This means that the internal environment of the cell remains relatively stable, allowing the cell to maintain its shape and function properly.