Basics Of Cell Parts And Functions

The cell membrane is responsible for protecting the cell and regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It acts as a barrier, allowing only certain molecules to pass through while preventing others from entering or leaving the cell. This selective permeability helps maintain the internal environment of the cell and ensures that essential substances are able to enter while waste products and harmful substances are kept out. Therefore, the cell membrane plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and functionality of the cell.

A vacuole is a sac within the cytoplasm that is full of fluid. In plants, there is usually one large vacuole that serves to store various substances such as food, water, and waste products. The vacuole also helps maintain the rigidity and shape of the plant cell. Therefore, the correct answer is vacuole.

The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the region between the nucleus and the cell membrane. It contains many organelles, including ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. The cytoplasm also houses other organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. It is involved in various cellular processes such as metabolism, transport of molecules, and support for organelles. The cytoplasm plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall structure and function of the cell.

The nucleus directs all of the cell's activities, including reproduction, and contains nucleic acids. It is the control center of the cell, where DNA is stored and transcribed into RNA. The nucleus also houses the nucleolus, which is responsible for the production of ribosomes. Without the nucleus, the cell would not be able to carry out essential functions and would not be able to reproduce. The other options listed, such as the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, chromatin, and mitochondria, are important components of the cell but do not have the same level of control and involvement in cellular activities as the nucleus.

The cell wall is a rigid, box-like structure located outside of the cell membrane. It is made of cellulose in plants. This structure provides support and protection to the cell, helping to maintain its shape and prevent it from bursting under osmotic pressure. The cell wall also allows for communication and interaction between neighboring cells.

Chloroplasts are the correct answer because they are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures energy from sunlight, and use this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, which is the food for the plant.

Lysosomes are small organelles that contain enzymes responsible for breaking down food particles and waste materials in the cell. They act as the "garbage disposal unit" of the cell, helping to remove and recycle cellular waste. Lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular function and overall cell health.

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of passageways within a cell that is responsible for carrying materials from one part of the cell to another. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids. This organelle is involved in the production of proteins that are destined for secretion or for use within the cell, as well as in the detoxification of drugs and other harmful substances. The endoplasmic reticulum is composed of a network of interconnected tubules and flattened sacs, providing a large surface area for various cellular processes.

Mitochondria are the correct answer because they are known as the power plants of cells. They are rod-shaped organelles with a smooth outer membrane. They are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

Ribosomes are the correct answer because they are produced in the nucleolus, which is where proteins are made. Ribosomes are primarily made of RNA and are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. They can be found in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum.

The nucleolus is responsible for the production of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis. It is located within the nucleus of a cell. This is where the assembly of ribosomal subunits takes place before they are transported out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where they can begin their role in protein production. The nucleolus plays a crucial role in the overall functioning of the cell by ensuring the production of ribosomes, which are vital for various cellular processes.

Chromatin is found in the nucleus and is made up of DNA and some proteins. It plays a crucial role in packaging and organizing DNA within the nucleus. During cell division, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes.