Cell Division Bio Quarter 2

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| By Ericariv
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Ericariv
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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 3,676
| Attempts: 75
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  • 1/23 Questions

    DNA is in the form of chromatin when the cell is not ___. 

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DUN DA DUN! Here's a quiz to study Cell Division! I'll be adding more stuff to this as we learn more.

Cell Division Bio Quarter 2 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    XX = ___.

  • 3. 

    True or False: All organisms have XY chromosomes.

    Explanation
    The statement "All organisms have XY chromosomes" is false. Not all organisms have XY chromosomes. In fact, XY chromosomes are specific to male organisms in certain species, such as humans. There are other combinations of chromosomes that exist in different organisms, such as XX for females or even different combinations for other species. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that all organisms have XY chromosomes.

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  • 4. 

    Karyotypes are done by extracting chromosomes from a cell that is about to ___. 

    Explanation
    Karyotypes are done by extracting chromosomes from a cell that is about to divide because during cell division, the chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. By examining the karyotype, which is a visual representation of the chromosomes, scientists can analyze the number, size, and structure of the chromosomes. This helps in diagnosing genetic disorders, identifying chromosomal abnormalities, and studying the genetic makeup of an individual.

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  • 5. 

    2 identical halves of the chromosome are called: 

    Explanation
    Chromatids are the two identical halves of a chromosome that are formed during the process of DNA replication. Each chromatid contains a complete copy of the chromosome's DNA. During cell division, the chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information. Therefore, the term "chromatids" accurately describes the two identical halves of a chromosome.

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  • 6. 

    Non sex chromosomes are called: ___.

    Explanation
    Non-sex chromosomes are called autosomes. Autosomes are the chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex of an individual. In humans, autosomes are numbered from 1 to 22, while the sex chromosomes are X and Y. Autosomes contain genes that code for various traits and characteristics unrelated to sex determination.

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  • 7. 

    Chromosomes are found in _____ cells. 

    Explanation
    Chromosomes are found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Chromosomes are structures within the nucleus that contain DNA and carry genetic information. They are responsible for the transmission of genetic material from one generation to the next. Therefore, it is correct to say that chromosomes are found in eukaryotic cells.

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  • 8. 

    XY = ___.

  • 9. 

    Chromosomes are: 

    • Coiled proteins

    • Coiled DNA

    • Coiled DNA and proteins

    • Loose DNA and proteins

    • None of the Above

    Correct Answer
    A. Coiled DNA and proteins
    Explanation
    Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of cells that contain genetic material. They are made up of coiled DNA molecules, which carry the genetic information, and associated proteins that help organize and compact the DNA. Therefore, the correct answer is "Coiled DNA and proteins".

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  • 10. 

    What do histones do?

    • Transport the DNA from the nucleolus to the ribosomes

    • Provide structure for the cell

    • Maintain shape of DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. Maintain shape of DNA
    Explanation
    Histones are proteins that play a crucial role in maintaining the shape of DNA. They bind to the DNA molecule and help it coil and condense into a compact structure called chromatin. This compacted DNA allows it to fit inside the nucleus of a cell and prevents it from becoming tangled or damaged. By maintaining the shape of DNA, histones ensure that genetic information is properly stored and organized, allowing for efficient gene expression and DNA replication.

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  • 11. 

    What is the centrome?

    • Connections between the DNA and the chromosomes

    • Connections between chromatids

    • Connections between the chromosomes.

    Correct Answer
    A. Connections between chromatids
    Explanation
    The centromere is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are held together. It is responsible for ensuring the proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division. The centromere contains specific DNA sequences that are recognized by proteins called kinetochores, which attach to the spindle fibers and allow the chromosomes to be pulled apart. Therefore, the centromere is the connection between chromatids, not between chromosomes or between DNA and chromosomes.

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  • 12. 

    Sex cells have ___ chromosomes. 

    Correct Answer
    2
    Explanation
    Sex cells, also known as gametes, are the reproductive cells that combine during fertilization to form a new organism. These cells have half the number of chromosomes compared to other cells in the body, which is why they are also referred to as haploid cells. In humans, the sex cells, namely the sperm and the egg, each contain 23 chromosomes. When the sperm fertilizes the egg, the resulting zygote will have the full complement of 46 chromosomes, with 23 coming from each parent. Therefore, the correct answer is 2 chromosomes.

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  • 13. 

    The proteins around with DNA is wrapped are called ____. 

    Correct Answer
    Histones
    histones
    Explanation
    The proteins that are wrapped around DNA are called histones. Histones play a crucial role in organizing and compacting DNA into a structure called chromatin, which further condenses into chromosomes during cell division. These proteins help in regulating gene expression by controlling the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins. The correct answer is histones.

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  • 14. 

    Non sex cells have ___ chromosomes. 

    Correct Answer
    4
    Explanation
    Non sex cells, also known as somatic cells, have 4 chromosomes. This is because somatic cells are diploid, meaning they contain two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is 46, with 23 pairs. One pair of these chromosomes is the sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males), while the other 22 pairs are autosomes. Therefore, non sex cells have 44 autosomes, which when multiplied by 2 gives a total of 88 chromosomes. However, since the question specifically asks for the number of chromosomes, the correct answer is 4.

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  • 15. 

    A homologous chromosome has __- copies of each autosome, __ from each parent. 

    Correct Answer
    2,1
    Explanation
    A homologous chromosome refers to a pair of chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and gene sequence. Each homologous chromosome contains two copies of each autosome, one inherited from each parent. Therefore, the correct answer is 2,1, indicating that there are two copies of each autosome, with one copy coming from each parent.

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  • 16. 

    Each chromatid carries genes for ___ traits. 

    Correct Answer
    same
    the same
    Explanation
    Each chromatid carries genes for the same traits. This means that both chromatids in a chromosome contain identical genetic information. During cell division, the chromatids separate and each is passed on to a daughter cell, ensuring that the offspring receive the same genetic traits as the parent cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "same" or "the same".

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  • 17. 

    A picture of chromosomes is called a _____. 

    Correct Answer
    karyotype
    Explanation
    A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in pairs according to their size, shape, and banding pattern. It is used to identify chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders. Therefore, a picture of chromosomes is called a karyotype.

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  • 18. 

    Nonhistones ___ parts __ and ___. (answer in ___,___ format)

    Correct Answer
    turn, on, off
    Explanation
    Nonhistones play a role in the regulation of gene expression by controlling the accessibility of DNA. They can either facilitate the activation of genes or inhibit their expression. In this context, nonhistones have the ability to "turn on" or "turn off" gene activity by modifying the structure and organization of chromatin. This regulation is essential for proper cellular function and development.

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  • 19. 

    What are nonhistone proteins involved in controlling?

    Correct Answer
    Segments of DNA
    Explanation
    Nonhistone proteins are involved in controlling segments of DNA. These proteins play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, DNA replication, and repair. Unlike histone proteins, which are involved in packaging DNA into chromatin, nonhistone proteins have diverse functions such as transcription factors, DNA-binding proteins, and enzymes involved in DNA metabolism. They interact with specific DNA sequences and other proteins to control the accessibility of DNA and the recruitment of various factors necessary for DNA processes. Overall, nonhistone proteins are essential for the precise regulation of gene expression and maintenance of genomic integrity.

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  • 20. 

    Chromatids are formed when DNA is ____. 

    Correct Answer
    copied
    Explanation
    Chromatids are formed during the process of DNA replication, which is also known as DNA copying. During replication, the DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two strands, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This results in the formation of two identical chromatids, which are held together by a structure called the centromere. Therefore, the correct answer is "copied".

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  • 21. 

    Karyotypes show pictures of _______ ____.

    Correct Answer
    Homologous pairs
    Explanation
    Karyotypes are visual representations of an individual's chromosomes. They display the chromosomes arranged in pairs according to their size, shape, and banding patterns. Homologous pairs refer to the matching pairs of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that carry similar genes at the same loci. These pairs are essential for maintaining genetic stability and are depicted in karyotypes to analyze chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, and identify gender.

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  • 22. 

    Chromatin is ___ DNA. 

    Correct Answer
    uncoiled
    Explanation
    Chromatin refers to the complex of DNA and proteins that make up the genetic material in the nucleus of a cell. It is the relaxed, uncoiled form of DNA that allows for gene expression and transcription to occur. In this state, the DNA is accessible to the cellular machinery and can be read and copied. The coiling and packaging of DNA into chromatin helps to compact the long DNA molecules into a smaller space within the nucleus.

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  • 23. 

    Does the number of chromosomes correlated to the complexity of the organism?

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  • Current Version
  • Jul 14, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 09, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    Ericariv
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