Biology And Epidemiology Test Quiz!

The SPECIFICITY of a test is the percentage of all patients without disease who have a negative test. Which of the following formula represents SPECIFICITY?

• True Negatives / (True Negatives and False Positives)

• (True Positives + True Negatives) / Total number of patients

• True Negatives / (True Negatives and False Negatives)

• True Positives / (True Positives + False Negatives)

• True Positives / (True Positives and False Positives)

The EFFICIENCY of a test is the percentage of the times that the test give the correct answer compared to the total number of tests. Which of the following formula represents TEST EFFICIENCY?

• True Negatives / (True Negatives and False Positives)

• (True Positives + True Negatives) / Total number of patients

• True Negatives / (True Negatives and False Negatives)

• True Positives / (True Positives + False Negatives)

• True Positives / (True Positives and False Positives)

The PREDICTIVE VALUE of a test is a measure of the times that the value (positive or negative) is the true value. Which of the following formula represents POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE ?

• True Negatives / (True Negatives and False Positives)

• (True Positives + True Negatives) / Total number of patients

• True Negatives / (True Negatives and False Negatives)

• True Positives / (True Positives + False Negatives)

• True Positives / (True Positives and False Positives)

The PREDICTIVE VALUE of a test is a measure of the times that the value (positive or negative) is the true value. Which of the following formula represents NEGATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE ?

• True Negatives / (True Negatives and False Positives)

• (True Positives + True Negatives) / Total number of patients

• True Negatives / (True Negatives and False Negatives)

• True Positives / (True Positives + False Negatives)

• True Positives / (True Positives and False Positives)

What are abnormal accumulations of triglycerides within parenchymal cells called?

• Brown Atrophy

• Steatosis

• Fatty Change

• Niemann-Pick disease

What is an accumulation of cholesterol within the intimal layer of the aorta and large arteries called?

• Xanthomas

• Brown Atrpohy

• Steatosis

• Atherosclerosis

What is an accumulation of cholesterol within the subepithelial connective tissue called?

• Xanthoma

• Brown Atrpohy

• Steatosis

• Atherosclerosis

Local deposition of calcium in dying tissues in the absence of calcium metabolism derangements is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ calcification.

Metastatic calcification is the deposition of calcium due to hypercalcemia secondary to some disturbance in calcium metabolism.

• True

• False

Which of the following is true about Phospholipases?

• Inhibited by steroids

• Drives the cell cycle by phosphorylating protein critical for cell cycle transitions.

• Activated by increased intracellular calcium

• Breaks down phospholidpids

• Antioxidant

• Most abundant glycoprotein in the basement membrane

The most abundant glycoprotein in the basement membrane is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Which of the following can induce apoptosis and promote cell survival?

• IFN-γ

• IL-1

• Leukotrienes

• Lipoxins

• Prostacyclin

• TNF

Which of the following is the major macrophage activating cytokine?

• IFN-γ

• IL-1

• Leukotrienes

• Lipoxins

• Prostacyclin

• TNF

Which of the following is created by the lipoxygenase pathway, is an intense vasoconstrictor, and causes bronchospasm and increased vascular permeability?

• IFN-γ

• IL-1

• Leukotrienes

• Lipoxins

• Prostacyclin

• TNF

Which of the following inhibits leukocyte recruitment?

• IFN-γ

• IL-1

• Leukotrienes

• Lipoxins

• Prostacyclin

• TNF

Which of the following inhibits platelet aggregation?

• IFN-γ

• IL-1

• Leukotrienes

• Lipoxins

• Prostacyclin

• TNF

Non-inflammatory edema is usually exudate due to hydrodynamic arrangements.

• True

• False

 1. ________ is an active process resulting from arteriolar dilation → _________.  2. ________ is a passive process resulting from decreased venous outflow → .  

• 1. Hyperaemia → cyanosis, 2. Congestion → erythema

• 1. Hyperaemia, → erythema, 2. Congestion → cyanosis

• 1. Congestion, → cyanosis, 2. Hyperaemia → erythema

• 1. Congestion, → erythema, 2. Hyperaemia → cyanosis

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ inhibits thrombin and other serine proteases.

Proteins C and S are Vitamin K dependent proteins:

• Activate factors IX and X

• Inactivate factors IX and X

• Activate factors II and III

• Inactivate factors II and III

• Activate factors V and VIII

• Inactivate factors V and VIII

Which of the following are risk factors for bladder cancer?

• Cyclophosphamide

• Tobacco smoke

• E coli

• Schistosomiasis

• Aromatic amines, particularly benzidine and a-and ß-naphthylamine

• Family History

The maintenance of long-term immunity of some vaccines (including toxoids, recombinant subunit and polysaccharide conjugate vaccines), requires multidose immunization courses consisting of 2 – 3 inoculations, followed by periodic administration of booster doses. Doses administered at intervals less than the minimum interval can lead to a suboptimal immune response. In clinical practice, however, it is recommended that vaccine doses administered ≤  __  days before the minimum interval may be counted as valid (except rabies vaccine).

• 1

• 2

• 4

• 7

An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutations in the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase.

• Amyloidosis

• Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

• Gaucher Disese

• Nieman-Pick Disease

• Sarcoidosis

• Wagener's Granulomatosis

Cyclin-dependent kinases drive the cell cycle by __________ critical target proteins that are required for the progression of cells to the next stage of the cell cycle.

• Carboxylating

• Hydroxylating

• Oxidating

• Phophorylating

Phosphorylation of RB promotes cell replication.

• True

• False