Explore your knowledge about esophageal function with questions on muscle activity, pressure changes, and saliva characteristics. This quiz assesses understanding of physiological processes relevant to medical professionals, particularly those specializing in gastroenterology.
Raised plasma gastrin will increase peristaltic movements of the stomach
Raised plasma histamine will cause increased acid secretion which will dissolve the bearing
Raised plasma motilin will cause increased phase 3 MMC activity
Raised plasma CCK will increase gastric emptying
Raised plasma somatostatin will stimulate small intestinal peristalsis
Raised plasma secretin will increase gastric emptying
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Cholecystokinin (CKK)
Gastrin
Motilin
Secretin
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
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The amino acid is transported by another amino acid carrier
The amino acid is absorbed by passive diffusion
The amino acid is transported by facilitated diffusion
The amino acid is an essential amino acid
The amino acid can be transported as a peptide by different carriers
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Higher than normal pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter
Lower than normal pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter
Higher than normal pressure at the upper esophageal sphincter
Lower than normal pressure at the upper esophageal sphincter
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It has a low concentration of potassium in comparison with plasma
The volume of secretion is low relative to the total weight of the glands
Parasympathetic nerves reduce, but sympathetic nerves increase the rate of secretion
The secreted saliva has an osmotic pressure lower than that of plasma
It is primarily regulated by hormones
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Upper esophageal sphincter
The body of the esophagus in the thorax
The body of the esophagus below the diaphragm
The lower esophageal sphincter
The fundus of the stomach
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Distal region of the esophagus
Lower esophageal sphincter
Middle region of the esophagus
Proximal region of the esophagus
Upper esophageal sphincter
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Chloride concentration
Sodium concentration
Potassium concentration
Osmolarity
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100 to 200 mL is excreted in feces
Most of the fluid is derived from the diet
Most of the fluid is absorbed by the large intestine
Gastric secretions contribute around twice that of the pancreas
Most of the fluid is absorbed againsst a concentration gradient
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Amino acids are absorbed primarily in the distal gut
Amino acids compete with glucose transport
Amino acids are transported primarily by passive mechanisms
Amino acids appear more rapidly in the blood when administered as small peptides rather than the free amino acid
Amino acids are produced in the lumen of the gut primarily by the action of peptidases
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Pharyngeal phase of swallowing
Primary peristalsis in the thoracic esophagus
Receptive relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
Secondary peristalsis in the smooth muscle portion of the esophagus
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A and B1
A and C
A and D
B1 and C
B1 and D
C and D
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Concentration of the lower esophageal sphincter
Relaxation of the gastric antrum
Secondary esophageal peristalsis
Relaxation of the pyloric sphincter
Relaxation of the gastric cardia
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Increased Na+ and K+ unchanged
Decreased Na+ and increased K+
Increased Na+ and decreased K+
Unchanged Na+ and decreased K+
Unchanged Na+ and unchanged K+
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Lactoferrin
Mucin
Bicarbonate
Amylase
Lipase
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External Anal Sphincter
Ileocecal Sphincter
Internal anal sphincter
Transverse colon
Ascending colon
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Pancreatic amylase
Enterokinase
Pepsinogen
Ptyalin
Trypsin
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Excess secretion of potassium in the small intestine
Excess secretion of potassium in the colon
Reduced absorption of potassium in the small intestine
Reduced absorption of potassium in the colon
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Cholera
Lactase deficiency
Pancreatic lipase deficiency
Gastrinoma
Reduced small intestinal surface area
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Acetylcholine (ACh) potentiated the effects of Cholecystokinin (CCK) on pancreatic acinar cells
ACh stimulates directly pancreatic enzyme secretion
ACh causes the release of CCK from the duodenum
ACh inhibits the effect of secretin on pancreatic duct cells
ACh releases secretin from the duodenum
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Triglycerides are resynthesized in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Chylomicrons are synthesized in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Fatty acid-binding proteins transport long chain fatty acids to the Golgi
Triglycerides are synthisezed from medium and short-chain fatty acids
The major triglyceride resynthesis pathway utilizes dietary glycerol
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