Types Of Anemia

15 Questions | By Chachelly | Last updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Total Attempts: 2793

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In today’s quiz, we’ll be tackling the topic of anaemia; a common disorder that involves the levels of oxygen supply throughout your body being impeded by a deficiency in the red blood cells, typically as a result of a lack of iron. What types of anaemia are there? You tell us!

Questions and Answers

1.

A 30-year-old woman has H/O mild fatigue for many years. O/E Palpable spleen tip. Labs- Hb 11.1 g/dL, Hct 28.8%, MCV 83fL, platelets 229,000/µL, WBC count 7340/µL. Corrected retic. Count-12%. PBS- Small RBCs that lack central pallor. Osmotic fragility of RBCs is increased. Coombs test is negative. Defects in which of the following are involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder
- A.
  
  DNA synthesis
- B.
  
  Erythrocyte cytoskeleton
- C.
  
  Clonal stem cell defect
- D.
  
  Hemoglobin synthesis
- E.
  
  Iron utilization from iron stores
2.

The patients described in the previous question is at an increased risk of developing which of the following conditions?
- A.
  
  Cirrhosis
- B.
  
  Cholelithiasis
- C.
  
  Portal hypertension
- D.
  
  Congestive heart failure
- E.
  
  Nephrolithiasis
3.

A 10-yr-old black girl is brought to the ER with severe pain in her chest, abdomen and bones. O/E- Jaundice and anemia. CBC shows abnormal shaped RBCs and Howell-Jolly bodies. Labs - Increased amount of an abnormal Hb in her peripheral blood. The child’s chest and bone pain symptoms are caused by which of the following mechanisms?
- A.
  
  Infection
- B.
  
  Ischemia
- C.
  
  Vasculitis
- D.
  
  Amyloidosis
4.

In the patient described in the previous question, which of the following is the most likely mechanism for initiation of her pulmonary problems?
- A.
  
  Intra-vascular hemolysis
- B.
  
  Increased RBC adhesion to endothelium
- C.
  
  Abnormality in spectrin
- D.
  
  Increased osmotic fragility of RBCs
- E.
  
  Reduced expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells
5.

A 10-month-old boy presents with failure to thrive. O/E- Jaundice. CBC- Microcytic hypochromic anemia. Most of the Hb is HbF type. PBS is shown. BM aspirate shows marked erythroid hyperplasia and increased iron stores. What is your diagnosis?
- A.
  
  Beta-thalassemia major
- B.
  
  Beta-thalassemia minor
- C.
  
  Alpha-thalassemia major
- D.
  
  Alpha-thalassemia minor
6.

What is the pathogenesis of anemia seen in the patient just described?
- A.
  
  Decreased heme synthesis
- B.
  
  Abnormal spectrin assembly
- C.
  
  Clonal stem cell defect
- D.
  
  Decreased beta-globin chain synthesis
- E.
  
  Impaired utilization of iron from storage sites
7.

A 16-year-old boy has had a low energy level for as long as he can remember. O/E- Palpable spleen tip. CBC shows Hb- 8.8 g/dL, Hct 24.1%, MCV 65 fL, platelet count 187,000/µL, WBC count 7400/µL. His serum ferritin is 3740 ng/mL (Normal-10-200µg/L). BM biopsy reveals a myeloid : erythroid ratio of 1:4 with 4+ stainable iron. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A.
  
  G6PD deficiency
- B.
  
  Beta-thalassemia
- C.
  
  Sickle cell anemia
- D.
  
  Hereditary spherocytosis
- E.
  
  Malaria
8.

A 19 year old primigravida of Southeast Asian ancestry gives birth at 35 wks gestation a male infant. O/E infant is markedly hydropic. Lab. studies show his hematocrit is 17% and PBS reveals numerous nucleated red blood cells. RBCs show marked anisocytosis and poikilocytosis. Which of the following diseases is most likely to be present in this infant?
- A.
  
  Sickle cell anemia
- B.
  
  Alpha-thalassemia
- C.
  
  G6PD deficiency
- D.
  
  Hereditary elliptocytosis
9.

A 49-year-old female presents with signs of anemia and states that every morning her urine is dark. Work-up reveals that her RBCs lyse in vitro with acid (positive Ham’s test). What is the best diagnosis for this patient?
- A.
  
  Warm, autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- B.
  
  Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- C.
  
  Cold-agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- D.
  
  G6PD deficiency
10.

A 25-year-old African-American man is given anti-malarial prophylaxis for a trip to West Africa. Over the next week he develops increasing fatigue. O/E - No abnormal findings. Labs- Hematocrit -30%. PBS shows RBCs with numerous Heinz bodies. There is a family history of this disorder, with males, but not females, affected. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A.
  
  Beta-thalassemia
- B.
  
  Sickle cell anemia
- C.
  
  Alpha-thalassemia
- D.
  
  Hereditary spherocytosis
- E.
  
  G6PD deficiency
11.

Which of the following underlying conditions would you most likely expect to be present in a 27-year old female with the peripheral blood smear shown here:
- A.
  
  Aplastic anemia
- B.
  
  Anemia of chronic disease
- C.
  
  Iron deficiency anemia
- D.
  
  Megaloblastic anemia
- E.
  
  DIC
12.

A 38-year-old woman has become increasingly fatigued for the past 3 months.O/E- Purpuric areas of skin on her trunk and extremities. No hepato-splenomegaly/LN. Labs- Hb 6.8 g/dL, Hct 20.7%, MCV 91 fL, platelet count 28,760/µL, and WBC count 1940/µL. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A.
  
  Aplastic anemia
- B.
  
  Chronic myelogenous leukemia
- C.
  
  Infectious mononucleosis
- D.
  
  Large B cell lymphoma
- E.
  
  Hereditary spherocytosis
13.

A 32-yr-old man presents with fever, recurrent URIs and chronic fatigue. He is an immigrant from Russia and has worked in a benzene factory. O/E- Petechiae seen, no LN/splenomegaly. CBC shows pancytopenia. Retic. count is low. BM biopsy shows a hypocellular marrow with increased fat. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism of the patient’s condition?
- A.
  
  Folate deficiency
- B.
  
  Impaired globin chain synthesis
- C.
  
  Damage to stem cells
- D.
  
  Mutation in PIGA gene
14.

A 38-year-old woman has a history of rheumatoid arthritis. She is currently receiving immunosuppressive therapy including corticosteroids. O/E - Minimal erythema, warmth, and swelling of the small joints of her hands. Lab. studies show Hb 10.1 g/dL, Hct 30.4%, MCV 74 fL, WBC count 6500/µL, and platelet count 137,000/µL. Retic. Count-1.5%. She has a serum iron of 28 µg/dl and TIBC of 200 µg/dl . Her serum ferritin is 420 ng/mL. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A.
  
  Chronic blood loss
- B.
  
  Beta-thalassemia
- C.
  
  Anemia of chronic disease
- D.
  
  Auto-immune hemolytic anemia
15.

A 38-yr-old man presents with fatigue. He has a 3-yr history of TB. CBC shows a microcytic hypochromic anemia. Blood profile shows low serum iron, low iron binding capacity and increased serum ferritin. Which of the following explains the pathogenesis of anemia in this patient?
- A.
  
  Impaired heme synthesis
- B.
  
  Impaired utilization of iron from storage sites
- C.
  
  Synthesis of structurally abnormal globin chains
- D.
  
  Vit. B12 deficiency
- E.
  
  Sickle cell anemia