Natural Science Biology Quiz Questions

The processes of mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of two identical daughter cells. Mitosis is responsible for the division of the nucleus, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material. Cytokinesis, on the other hand, involves the division of the cytoplasm, ultimately leading to the separation of the two daughter cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "daughter cells."

Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, which means they can replicate and multiply rapidly without any regulation or inhibition. This uncontrolled division is a key characteristic of cancer cells and is not observed in normal cells, which undergo controlled and regulated cell division. Normal cells have mechanisms in place to ensure that cell division occurs at the appropriate times and in the correct amounts.

During interphase, a cell undergoes various processes such as growth, duplication of organelles, and most importantly, the replication of DNA. This is a crucial step as it ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. The replication of DNA occurs in the nucleus of the cell, where the double-stranded DNA molecule unwinds and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This process ensures that the genetic information is accurately passed on to the new cell during cell division.

The correct answer is "it is made up of 2 chromatids." This is because a chromatid is one of the two identical copies of a replicated chromosome, which are joined together at the centromere. In the given question, the figure shown is likely depicting a replicated chromosome with two chromatids.

Cytokinesis refers to the process of dividing the cytoplasm, which is the gel-like substance that fills the cell. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm is divided into two daughter cells after the nucleus has undergone mitosis and the chromosomes have been separated. This division of the cytoplasm ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of organelles and other cellular components necessary for its functioning. Therefore, the phrase "division of the cytoplasm" is the best description of cytokinesis.

The process of organizing and condensing DNA into its compact form takes place during mitosis. Mitosis is a phase of the cell cycle where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. During this phase, the chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. This condensation allows the DNA to be evenly distributed between the two daughter cells during cell division. Interphase is the phase before mitosis where the cell prepares for division, metaphase is the phase where the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell, and cytokinesis is the phase where the cell physically divides into two separate cells.

The cells lining the stomach divide more quickly than those in the liver because they undergo more wear and tear. The stomach is constantly exposed to the acidic environment and mechanical stress caused by digestion, leading to the need for frequent cell replacement. In contrast, the liver is primarily involved in metabolic processes and detoxification, which do not subject its cells to the same level of damage and turnover. Therefore, the cells in the stomach need to divide more quickly to maintain the integrity and function of the organ.

Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, development, and repair. Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It plays a crucial role in repairing damaged tissues and organs in multicellular organisms. By undergoing mitosis, cells can replace damaged or dead cells, ensuring the proper functioning and maintenance of the organism. Therefore, repair is a valid explanation for why multicellular organisms use mitosis.

Before a cell can proceed to mitosis from the gap 2 stage of the cell cycle, it must pass a critical checkpoint. This checkpoint ensures that the cell has properly replicated its DNA during the S phase and that there are no errors or damages in the DNA. If the cell fails to pass this checkpoint, it will not proceed to mitosis and may undergo repair or apoptosis. Passing this checkpoint is crucial to ensure the accurate transmission of genetic material to daughter cells during cell division.

Histones are the proteins that organize and condense long strands of DNA into tight coils. They play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and stability of DNA within the cell. By binding to DNA, histones help to package the genetic material into a more compact form, allowing it to fit inside the nucleus of the cell. This packaging is essential for efficient storage and replication of DNA, as well as for regulating gene expression. Therefore, histones are the correct answer to the question.

During the gap 1 stage of the cell cycle, a cell carries out its normal functions. This is the phase where the cell grows in size, produces new organelles, and performs its specific functions necessary for the organism. It is a critical stage for the cell to ensure that it is healthy and ready for the next phases of the cell cycle. The cell prepares itself for DNA replication and division, which occur in subsequent stages. Therefore, during gap 1, the cell focuses on maintaining its normal functions rather than undergoing any form of division or duplication.