Biology Exam 4 Pt. 1

51 Questions | By Hisjuliet | Updated: Mar 16, 2022 | Attempts: 180

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1.

A bacterial cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells by a process known as
- A.
  
  Nondisjunction.
- B.
  
  Mitosis.
- C.
  
  Meiosis.
- D.
  
  Fission.
- E.
  
  Fertilization.
2.

In order for a prokaryote cell to divide, which of the following must occur?
- A.
  
  A reproductive signal, replication, segregation of DNA and cytokinesis
- B.
  
  DNA replication, crossing over, and segregation of DNA
- C.
  
  DNA replication and segregation of DNA
- D.
  
  Cell growth and cytokinesis
- E.
  
  DNA replication, segregation of DNA, and cytokinesis
3.

Bacteria typically have ____, whereas eukaryotes have ____
- A.
  
  One chromosome that is circular; many chromosomes that are linear
- B.
  
  Several chromosomes that are circular; many chromosomes that are linear
- C.
  
  One chromosome that is linear; many chromosomes that are circular
- D.
  
  Two chromosomes that are circular; eight chromosomes that are linear
- E.
  
  None of the above
4.

Which of the following statements about mitosis is true?
- A.
  
  The chromosome number in the resulting cells is halved.
- B.
  
  DNA replication is completed in prophase.
- C.
  
  Crossing over occurs during prophase.
- D.
  
  Two genetically identical daughter cells are formed.
- E.
  
  It consists of two nuclear divisions.
5.

DNA replication occurs
- A.
  
  During both mitosis and meiosis
- B.
  
  Only during mitosis
- C.
  
  Only during meiosis
- D.
  
  During the S phase
- E.
  
  During G2
6.

The cells of the intestinal epithelium are continually dividing, replacing dead cells lost from teh surface of the intestinal lining. If you examined a population of intestinal epithelial cells under the microscope, most of the cells would
- A.
  
  Be in meiosis.
- B.
  
  Be in mitosis.
- C.
  
  Be in interphase.
- D.
  
  Have condensed chromatin.
- E.
  
  Both b and d
7.

A cell cycle consists of
- A.
  
  Mitosis and meiosis
- B.
  
  G1, the S phase, and G2
- C.
  
  Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- D.
  
  Interphase and mitosis.
- E.
  
  Meiosis and fertilization.
8.

The initiation of the S phase and teh M phase of the cell cycle depends on a pair of biochemicals called ____ and ____.
- A.
  
  Actin; myosin
- B.
  
  Cdk's; cyclin
- C.
  
  Ligand; receptor
- D.
  
  MSH; MSH-receptor
- E.
  
  ATP; ATPase
9.

During mitosis and meiosis the chromatin compacts. Which of teh following processe3s takes place more easily because this compaction?
- A.
  
  The orderly distribution of genetic material to two new nuclei
- B.
  
  Teh replication of the DNA
- C.
  
  Exposing the genetic information on the DNA
- D.
  
  The unwinding of DNA from around the histones
- E.
  
  The disappearance of the nuclear membrane
10.

When dividing cells are examined under a light microscope, chromosomes first become visible during
- A.
  
  Interphase.
- B.
  
  The S phase.
- C.
  
  Prophase.
- D.
  
  G1.
- E.
  
  G2.
11.

The structures that line up the chromatids on the equatorial plate during metaphase are called
- A.
  
  Asters.
- B.
  
  Polar and kinetochore microtubules
- C.
  
  Centrosomes.
- D.
  
  Centrioles.
- E.
  
  Histones.
12.

The microtubules of teh mitotic spindle attach to a specialized structure in the centromere region of each chromosome called the
- A.
  
  Kinetochore.
- B.
  
  Nucleosome.
- C.
  
  Equatorial plate.
- D.
  
  Aster.
- E.
  
  Centrosome.
13.

After the centromeres separate during mitosis, the chromatids, now called ____, move toward opposite poles of the spindle.
- A.
  
  Centrosomes
- B.
  
  Kinetochores
- C.
  
  Half-spindles
- D.
  
  Asters
- E.
  
  Daughter chromosomes
14.

During mitotic anaphase, chromatids migrate
- A.
  
  From the poles of the cell toward the mtaphase plate.
- B.
  
  From the metaphase plate toward the poles.
- C.
  
  Toward teh nuclear envelope.
- D.
  
  Along with teir sister chromatids toward one pole.
- E.
  
  Along with the other member of the homologous pair toward the metaphase plate.
15.

At the milestone that defines metaphase, the chromosomes
- A.
  
  Separate.
- B.
  
  Come together.
- C.
  
  Are at opposite poles.
- D.
  
  Line up at the equatorial plate.
- E.
  
  Cross over.
16.

The sizes and shapes of chromosomes can be observed most easily in a cell that is in
- A.
  
  Prophase.
- B.
  
  Metaphase.
- C.
  
  Anaphase.
- D.
  
  Telophase.
- E.
  
  Cytokinesis.
17.

At the milestone that defines telophase, the chromosomes
- A.
  
  Separate.
- B.
  
  Come together.
- C.
  
  Are at opposite poles.
- D.
  
  Line up.
- E.
  
  Cross over.
18.

Chromosomes "decondense" into diffuse chromatin
- A.
  
  At the end of telophase
- B.
  
  At the beginning of prophase.
- C.
  
  At the end of interphase.
- D.
  
  At the end of metaphase.
- E.
  
  Only in dying cells.
19.

In plant cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by the formation of a(n)
- A.
  
  Aster.
- B.
  
  Membrane furrow.
- C.
  
  Equatorial plate.
- D.
  
  Cell plate.
- E.
  
  Spindle.
20.

The major drawback of asexual reproduction is that it
- A.
  
  Takes a great deal of time
- B.
  
  Generates variation
- C.
  
  Prevents change.
- D.
  
  Requires cytokinesis.
- E.
  
  Produces a lack of variation among the progeny.
21.

A haploid cell is a cell
- A.
  
  In which the genes are arranged haphazardly.
- B.
  
  Containing only one copy of each chromosome.
- C.
  
  That has resulted from the process of mitosis.
- D.
  
  With twice the number of chromosomes
- E.
  
  None of the above.
22.

Sexual reproduction increase genetic variability through
- A.
  
  The exchange of genetic information between male and female gaetes during eiosis I.
- B.
  
  The random separation of homologous chromosomes.
- C.
  
  The union of male and female gametes.
- D.
  
  Crossing over, independent assortment,a nd random fertilization
- E.
  
  Random assortment of male and female chromosomes.
23.

Diploid cells of the fruit fly Drosophila have ten chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a Drosophila gamete have?
- A.
  
  One
- B.
  
  Two
- C.
  
  Five
- D.
  
  Ten
- E.
  
  Twenty
24.

Each diploid cell of a human female contains ____ of each type of chromosome.
- A.
  
  One
- B.
  
  Two
- C.
  
  Four
- D.
  
  A total of 23
- E.
  
  A total of 46
25.

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosome pairs is false?
- A.
  
  They come from only one of the individual's parents.
- B.
  
  They usually contain slightly different versions of the same gtenetic information.
- C.
  
  They separate from each other during meiosis I
- D.
  
  They synapse during meiosis I
- E.
  
  Each contains two sister chromatids at the beginning of the meiosis I