Science 8: Benchmark I: Part 2 (40)

A triple beam balance is used to find the "mass" of copper. This tool is specifically designed to measure the mass of an object by comparing it to a set of known masses. The triple beam balance consists of three beams, each with a sliding weight. By adjusting the sliding weights on each beam, the user can find the mass of the object being measured. This makes it the ideal tool for accurately determining the mass of copper or any other solid material.

A graduated cylinder is used to measure the volume of liquids, including alcohol, in science. It is a cylindrical container with markings on the side that indicate the volume of liquid it contains. By pouring the alcohol into the graduated cylinder and reading the measurement at the meniscus, the volume of alcohol can be determined accurately. The other options, such as triple beam balance, metric ruler, and thermometer, are not specifically designed to measure volume and are used for different purposes in science.

Matter is the correct answer because it refers to anything that has mass and occupies space. It includes elements, compounds, and atoms, which are all forms of matter.

Dalton is the correct answer because he proposed the atomic theory which stated that atoms are indivisible, indestructible, and have a solid ball-like structure. This theory laid the foundation for modern atomic theory and greatly influenced our understanding of the nature of matter.

A metric ruler is used to measure the "length" of a piece of rope. A graduated cylinder is used to measure the volume of liquids, a triple beam balance is used to measure the mass of an object, and a thermometer is used to measure temperature. However, none of these tools are suitable for measuring the length of a rope. Therefore, the correct answer is a metric ruler.

The diameter of a ring finger would be measured in millimeters. Millimeters are a unit of length that is commonly used for small measurements, such as the size of jewelry. It is the most appropriate unit for measuring the diameter of a small object like a finger. Milliliters, kilograms, and meters are units of volume, weight, and length respectively, and would not be suitable for measuring the diameter of a ring finger.

The electron cloud model is the "modern" atomic model being used "currently" today. This model describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom as a cloud-like region surrounding the nucleus. It suggests that electrons do not follow fixed paths but rather exist in a probabilistic distribution of energy levels. This model is based on the principles of quantum mechanics and provides a more accurate representation of the behavior and properties of atoms compared to previous models proposed by Thomson, Dalton, and Rutherford.

A chemical change refers to a process in which one or more substances are transformed into new substances with different properties. This change involves properties such as reactivity, oxidation, combustibility, acidity, or basicity. In a chemical change, the composition of the substances involved is altered at the molecular level, resulting in the formation of new compounds or the breaking down of existing compounds. This is different from a physical change, which does not involve a change in the chemical composition of the substances.

When mass is divided by volume, the result is density. Density is a measure of how much mass is contained within a given volume. It represents the concentration or compactness of a substance. By dividing mass by volume, we can determine how much mass is present in a specific amount of space, which provides information about the density of the material. Therefore, the correct answer is density.

The electron is a subatomic particle of an atom that carries a "negative" charge. It orbits around the nucleus of the atom and plays a crucial role in chemical reactions and electricity. Unlike protons and neutrons, which are found in the nucleus and carry positive and neutral charges respectively, electrons are negatively charged and are responsible for the overall charge of an atom.

Ductile means that a material can be "stretched" into wires.

The unit of measurement used to measure the "diameter" of a yo-yo is centimeters. Diameter is a linear measurement that refers to the distance across a circle passing through its center. Centimeters is a commonly used unit for measuring small lengths, making it appropriate for measuring the diameter of a yo-yo.

Atoms are indeed the basic building blocks of all matter and the smallest particles. They are the fundamental units that make up elements and molecules. Atoms consist of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Each element has a unique number of protons in its nucleus, defining its atomic number. Molecules are formed when atoms bond together, while ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge. However, atoms themselves are the fundamental particles that make up everything in the universe.

Helium (He) is not a compound because it consists of only one type of atom. Compounds are formed when two or more different elements chemically combine. In contrast, NaCl (salt), H2O (water), and C12H22O11 (sugar) are all compounds because they are made up of multiple elements chemically bonded together.

Malleable means that a material can be easily shaped or molded by hammering or pressing, without breaking or cracking. This property allows the material to be pounded into thin sheets, making it suitable for various applications such as metalworking or jewelry making. Ductile refers to a material's ability to be stretched into a wire, bendable means that a material can be flexed without breaking, and taffy is a type of candy that has a soft and chewy texture.

Temperature is measured in Celsius in science.

The 1-18 numbered "vertical columns" in the periodic table are known as groups or families. These groups or families are arranged in a way that elements within the same group have similar properties and characteristics. Each group is labeled with a number and a letter to represent the elements it contains. These groups play a significant role in understanding the periodic trends and chemical behavior of elements.

Dalton's atomic model is often described as a solid ball because it proposed that atoms were indivisible and indestructible particles. According to this model, atoms were considered as tiny, dense spheres that could not be divided into smaller parts. This concept was based on the idea that all matter is composed of atoms that are uniform in size and properties. However, it is important to note that Dalton's model was later revised and updated as new scientific discoveries were made.

Bohr's atomic model is often depicted as a "three-dimensional model" with "orbits" going around it. In this model, electrons move in specific energy levels or orbits around the nucleus, similar to planets orbiting the sun. This model introduced the concept of quantized energy levels and explained the stability of atoms. It was a significant advancement in understanding atomic structure and laid the foundation for further developments in quantum mechanics.

The subatomic particles located in the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge. Electrons, on the other hand, are located outside the nucleus in electron shells. Therefore, the correct answer is "proton and neutron".

The unit of measurement used to measure the "mass" of a small pill is milligram. Milligram is a metric unit of mass that is equal to one thousandth of a gram. It is commonly used to measure the mass of small objects or substances, such as pills, that require precise measurements.

Metals are usually shiny, malleable, ductile, and solid at room temperature. They also have the ability to conduct electricity well. This set of characteristics is commonly associated with metals, making them the correct answer to the question. Metalloids, rare earth metals, and nonmetals do not possess all of these properties, making them incorrect choices.

When substances are combined in a physical way, but they do not undergo any chemical reactions or bonding, a mixture is formed. In a mixture, the substances retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical means. This is different from compounds, where substances chemically combine to form new substances with different properties. Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, and molecules are the smallest units of compounds. Thus, mixtures are the correct answer in this case.

Nonmetals are a group of elements located on the periodic table that are classified by their physical and chemical properties as dull, usually brittle, and poorly conductive of heat and electricity. Unlike metals, nonmetals do not have the characteristic luster and are not malleable or ductile. They are usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature and have lower melting and boiling points compared to metals. Nonmetals also tend to have higher electronegativity and gain electrons to form negative ions in chemical reactions.

The electron is the smallest part of the atom and has the lightest weight. It is located in the "cloud or orbits of the atom". Electrons have a negative charge and are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms. They are much smaller and lighter than protons and neutrons, which are located in the nucleus of the atom.

Increasing the temperature causes the solubility (dissolving) of sugar when making fudge. This is because higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of the sugar molecules, allowing them to move more rapidly and interact more effectively with the solvent molecules (in this case, the milk). As a result, the sugar molecules are able to break down and dissolve more easily in the liquid, leading to the formation of a smooth and creamy fudge mixture.

Remember the "Y Axis is vertical (up and down) = dependent variable. The X axis is horizontal (across)=independent variable.

Remember there are "10 millimeters" in a "centimeter".

J.J. Thomson's atomic model was called the "blueberry muffin or plum pudding" model because he discovered that atoms contain negatively charged electrons embedded in a positively charged "pudding" or "muffin" of matter. This model suggested that the atom is a uniform, positively charged sphere with electrons scattered throughout it. Thomson's discovery of electrons and his model laid the foundation for our understanding of atomic structure.

The type of "variable" that is the only thing that "changes" in the experiment is the independent variable. In this case, the independent variable is the color of the light bulbs. It is the variable that the researcher intentionally manipulates or changes to see its effect on the dependent variable, which in this experiment is the height of the plants. The other factors mentioned in the hypothesis and conclusion, such as the soil, amount of water, pots, and location, are kept constant or controlled to ensure that any observed changes in plant height can be attributed to the independent variable.

An experiment is a procedure that proves a hypothesis. It involves systematically testing a hypothesis by manipulating variables and observing the outcomes. Through experimentation, scientists can gather data and analyze it to determine if the hypothesis is supported or not. This process is an essential part of the scientific method, which involves making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions based on the evidence gathered.

Observation refers to the bits of information that are gathered through the five senses. When we observe something, we use our senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell to gather information about the world around us. This information is then processed by our brain, allowing us to make sense of our surroundings and form a better understanding of the objects, events, or phenomena we are observing. Observation is a fundamental process in gathering data and forming hypotheses or conclusions based on the information obtained through our senses.

A group of "two or more atoms (not elements)" held together by very strong chemical bonds is called molecules. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms bond together. This is different from compounds, which involve the combination of two or more elements, and mixtures, which are not chemically bonded and can be easily separated.

Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance. These properties include boiling point, melting point, size, shape, color, odor, density, and solubility. They help to identify and classify substances based on their physical characteristics. Chemical properties, on the other hand, describe how a substance interacts with other substances and involve changes in the chemical composition of the substance. Observation and state properties are not comprehensive enough to include all the listed properties.

The unit value you are converting to is "smaller" than the original unit value then a "multiplication" function will be used or Move the decimal to the left the number of zeros in prefix such as centi- is 100 or 2 places for 2 zeros.
If the unit value you are converting to is "larger" than the original unit value then a "division" function will be used.

The Particle (Kinetic) Theory of Matter states that all matter consists of very "small particles" that are in a constant state of "motion". This theory explains that particles in solid, liquid, and gas states are constantly moving and vibrating at different rates. It also explains the behavior of matter in terms of temperature, pressure, and volume. This theory is widely accepted and helps us understand the physical properties and behavior of matter.

Noble gases (group 18) on the periodic table are the least reactive and most stable. This is because they have a full outer electron shell, making them very stable and unlikely to react with other elements. Their full outer electron shell gives them little to no tendency to gain, lose, or share electrons, which is why they are non-reactive. This stability makes noble gases useful in various applications, such as in lighting and as inert atmospheres in laboratories.

Cu2 is the correct answer because it represents a chemical element. The symbol "Cu" stands for copper, which is a chemical element with atomic number 29. The subscript "2" indicates that there are two atoms of copper present in the molecule.

The dependent variable in this experiment is the "result" of the one thing that was changed, which is the color of the light bulbs. The height of the plant is measured as the dependent variable to determine the effect of different colored light bulbs on plant growth. The other factors such as the soil, water, pots, and location are kept constant to ensure that any differences in plant growth are solely due to the independent variable, which is the color of the light bulbs.

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