APUSH Unit 1 Practice Test

The correct answer is disease. After contact with Europeans, Native Americans were exposed to new diseases for which they had no immunity. These diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, spread rapidly among Native American populations, causing devastating epidemics. The lack of immunity and the high mortality rates led to the decimation of Native American communities, making disease the single greatest factor in their destruction.

The Mayflower Compact is the document in which the Pilgrims established a civil government for their Plymouth colony. It was signed by the male passengers aboard the Mayflower in 1620 and served as a social contract that established guidelines for self-governance and the creation of laws. The Mayflower Compact is historically significant as it represents one of the earliest examples of self-government in the American colonies and laid the foundation for democratic principles in the future United States.

The correct answer is "los conquistadores". This term refers to the Spanish conquerors who played a significant role in Spain's conquest of the New World. They were explorers and soldiers who sought wealth, power, and land in the Americas during the 15th and 16th centuries. They led expeditions, established colonies, and subjugated indigenous populations in their quest for resources and territory. Their actions had a profound impact on the history and culture of the Americas.

Tobacco was the most successful agricultural product in seventeenth-century North American colonies. It became a highly profitable cash crop and played a significant role in the economic development of the colonies. The demand for tobacco in Europe was high, leading to its widespread cultivation and exportation. The favorable climate and soil conditions in the colonies made it an ideal crop to grow. The success of tobacco cultivation resulted in the establishment of large plantations and the growth of the colonial economy.

Under the "headright" system in Virginia, all new arrivals who had paid their trans-Atlantic fares received fifty-acre land grants. This means that anyone who immigrated to Virginia and had paid for their journey across the Atlantic Ocean would be given fifty acres of land as a grant. This was a way to encourage settlement in Virginia and reward those who had made the effort to travel to the colony.

This joint-stock company, chartered by King James I of England, was formed to establish settlements in North America. In 1607, they founded Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States. The Virginia Company played a crucial role in the early colonization of Virginia, although it ultimately faced financial difficulties and was dissolved in 1624.

The Seven Years' War, also known as the French and Indian War, had the greatest political and economic impact on colonial America. This war was fought between England and France, with the British ultimately emerging victorious. The outcome of the war resulted in significant territorial changes in North America, with France losing its colonies in Canada and the Mississippi Valley region to Britain. This shift in power greatly influenced the political landscape of colonial America and set the stage for future conflicts and tensions between the British government and the American colonists. Additionally, the war had a significant economic impact, as it left Britain heavily in debt and led to increased taxation on the colonies, which ultimately played a role in sparking the American Revolution.

The French empire in North America succeeded because of the fur trade. Fur trading was a major economic activity in the region, and the French established profitable trading relationships with Native American tribes to obtain fur pelts. This allowed them to establish a strong presence in North America and expand their empire. The fur trade provided a valuable source of income and resources for the French, enabling them to establish settlements and maintain control over the region.

Roger Williams, a Puritan dissenter, established the colony of Rhode Island. He founded the settlement in 1636 after being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony due to his controversial beliefs. Williams believed in the separation of church and state and advocated for religious freedom and tolerance. Rhode Island became a safe haven for individuals seeking religious liberty, attracting a diverse population of settlers. Williams' establishment of Rhode Island as a colony with religious freedom and democratic principles was a significant contribution to the development of the American colonies.

Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts Bay in 1636 because he advocated for Native American rights and called for the separation of church and state. His beliefs went against the established authority and religious orthodoxy of the time, leading to his expulsion.

Virginia had the most severe death rate for early colonists due to several factors. The colony faced numerous challenges, including harsh weather conditions, lack of food, and diseases such as malaria and dysentery. Additionally, conflicts with Native American tribes further contributed to the high mortality rate. These factors combined made Virginia a particularly dangerous and deadly environment for the early colonists.

Walter Raleigh was the leader of the failed Roanoke colony. He was an English explorer and writer who sponsored several expeditions to establish English colonies in the New World. Raleigh was granted a charter by Queen Elizabeth I to colonize Virginia, and he sent multiple expeditions to Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. However, these attempts were unsuccessful, and the fate of the Roanoke colony remains a mystery. Raleigh's involvement in these expeditions makes him the correct answer for the leader of the failed Roanoke colony.

The correct answer is England - Cuba. This is because Cuba was never a colony of England. Cuba was a colony of Spain until it gained independence in 1898. England did have colonies in the Americas, but Cuba was not one of them.

Indentured servitude was a common practice in the Chesapeake Bay area during the colonial period. Many individuals who migrated to this region as indentured servants were typically young, unmarried men from lower social classes. They saw the New World as an opportunity for a better future and agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to America. This system attracted many individuals from the lower rungs of English society, seeking a chance to improve their circumstances.

The joint-stock company encouraged investment in colonial enterprises by offering "limited liability" for the investors. This means that the investors' personal assets would not be at risk if the company failed. This incentive attracted more investors, as they were not risking their entire wealth. The promise of immense wealth also likely enticed investors to invest in these colonial enterprises. However, it is not mentioned in the given information that the joint-stock company required large capital investment. Additionally, there is no mention of the joint-stock company being a failure in providing capital for colonization.

The correct answer is George Calvert - Pennsylvania. This is incorrect because George Calvert, also known as Lord Baltimore, actually established the colony of Maryland, not Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was established by William Penn.

According to the religious philosophy of John Calvin and his followers, God controlled who would receive salvation. This means that individuals did not have control over their own salvation, but rather it was determined by God. This belief is rooted in the doctrine of predestination, which holds that God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will not. Therefore, individuals should have faith in God and trust in His divine plan, rather than trying to control their own destinies.

In 1631 in Massachusetts, the only people who were eligible to vote were adult men who owned property and were members of the Congregational Church. This indicates that the right to vote was restricted to a specific group of individuals who met these criteria, excluding women, unmarried men, and those who did not own property or were not members of the church.

The Navigation Acts, established in the 17th century, were a series of laws passed by the British Parliament that aimed to regulate colonial trade and increase England's wealth and power. These acts required all foreign goods to be shipped to England before being sold, thereby ensuring that England benefited economically from the trade. Additionally, the acts limited colonial trade to only English or colonial merchants, excluding foreign competitors. Certain American products, such as tobacco and sugar, were also restricted to be sold exclusively in England. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as all three statements accurately reflect the principles established by the Navigation Acts.

The Navigation Acts were a series of laws implemented by the British government in the seventeenth century. These acts were specifically designed to enforce and regulate British commercial policies. The purpose of these acts was to restrict colonial trade and ensure that all colonial goods were first shipped to England before being sold to other countries. By doing so, the British government aimed to control and monopolize colonial trade, ultimately benefiting the British economy.

Government laws that forced the migration of the poorer classes was NOT a factor that stimulated English migration to the New World. This means that there were no laws in place that specifically mandated or compelled the poorer classes to migrate to the New World. Other factors such as religious disagreements, a desire for land ownership, rapid population growth, poverty, or the fear of falling into poverty may have played a role in stimulating English migration to the New World.

Mestizo is the correct answer because it refers to people of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Spanish America. This term was commonly used to describe individuals who had a combination of European and indigenous American heritage. It is derived from the Spanish word "mestizo," which means mixed. This term was significant in Spanish America as it helped categorize and identify individuals with a mixed racial background.

Bacon's Rebellion was like a fire that burned brightly but quickly fizzled out. When Nathaniel Bacon, the leader, died suddenly, the rebellion lost its steam. Think of it like a band losing its lead singer – it's just not the same! Without Bacon's charisma and drive, the rebellion lacked direction and support, and it ultimately collapsed. It's a reminder that even the most passionate movements can falter without strong leadership.

The correct answer is that nothing could be imported to America unless first shipped through England. This means that all goods destined for America had to first go through England before reaching their final destination. This policy was implemented by the Staple Act of 1663 in order to ensure that England maintained control over the trade and economy of its American colonies. By requiring goods to be shipped through England, the British government aimed to regulate and profit from the colonial trade.

The correct answer is "New Lights". The followers of the Great Awakening, a religious movement in the 18th century, were known as "New Lights". They emphasized a powerful and emotional religious experience, encouraging personal conversion and spiritual awakening. This contrasted with the traditional religious practices of the "Old Lights", who were more conservative and resistant to the changes brought about by the Great Awakening. The term "New Lights" became associated with the revivalist movement and its emphasis on individual religious experience.

Benjamin Franklin was the first American most Europeans recognized as a true intellectual because of his wide range of accomplishments and contributions to various fields. He was a renowned scientist, inventor, writer, and diplomat, making significant advancements in areas such as electricity, printing, and public libraries. His experiments with lightning and the invention of the lightning rod brought him international recognition. Furthermore, his writings, including his famous autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack, showcased his intellect and wisdom. Franklin's diplomatic efforts during the American Revolution also demonstrated his intellectual prowess and strategic thinking. Overall, his diverse talents and achievements made him highly respected and acknowledged by Europeans as a true intellectual.

Maryland was a Chesapeake colony because it was one of the original thirteen English colonies in North America that were located along the Chesapeake Bay. The Chesapeake colonies, including Maryland, were characterized by their reliance on agriculture, particularly tobacco cultivation, and their economy was largely based on plantation agriculture. Additionally, the Chesapeake colonies had a significant population of indentured servants and later, enslaved Africans. Maryland was founded in 1634 as a proprietary colony by Lord Baltimore, and it was known for its religious tolerance, attracting settlers of various religious backgrounds.

The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 was an agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide the newly discovered lands outside of Europe. The treaty established a line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, with Spain having rights to the west of the line and Portugal having rights to the east. This resulted in Portuguese control of Brazil, as it fell within the territory assigned to Portugal.

The correct answer is "viciously attacked the Jamestown settlement". This is because the question is asking for an explanation for the given correct answer. It implies that the Native American tribes of Virginia attacked the Jamestown settlement in a violent and aggressive manner.

The Great Awakening was a religious revival movement in the American colonies during the 18th century. It had several important effects, including stimulating higher education in the colonies, fostering an optimistic view of the future among those touched by it, encouraging the development of individualism, and evoking a sense of "new birth" among believers. However, it did not strengthen the authority of the old colonial religions. In fact, the Great Awakening challenged the traditional religious institutions and led to the rise of new denominations and religious practices.

Upon arriving in the New World, English settlers generally adapted their old beliefs to the new environment. This can be attributed to the fact that they were familiar with their own cultural practices and traditions, and it was easier for them to adapt these beliefs rather than completely abandon them. Additionally, adapting their old beliefs allowed them to maintain a sense of identity and continuity in the midst of a new and unfamiliar environment. This adaptation also helped them to establish a sense of community and connection with the other settlers, as they shared common beliefs and values.

The Agricultural Revolution is a plausible factor that helps to explain the development of different Native American communities in the New World. This revolution brought about a shift from a nomadic hunting and gathering lifestyle to settled farming communities. With the ability to cultivate crops, Native American communities were able to establish permanent settlements, develop more complex social structures, and create surplus food. This led to the growth of diverse communities with distinct cultures and practices across the New World.

The Glorious Revolution in Maryland was strongly influenced by pent-up anti-proprietary and anti-Catholic sentiment. This means that there was a buildup of negative feelings towards the proprietary system of government and the Catholic religion in Maryland. These sentiments likely played a significant role in the revolution, as they fueled discontent and resistance against the existing political and religious structures.

The correct answer is Ireland because during the 17th century, England established a policy of colonization in Ireland. This involved the confiscation of land from Irish Catholics and the settlement of English and Scottish Protestant colonizers. The colonization of Ireland served as a rehearsal for the English in terms of establishing settlements, managing native populations, and asserting control over newly acquired territories. This experience would later influence English colonization efforts in the New World.

The given answer suggests that the seventeenth-century English Puritans were individuals who were dedicated to bringing about significant changes within the existing institutions. This implies that they were not satisfied with the status quo and sought to reform and transform the institutions they were a part of. This aligns with the historical understanding of Puritans as a group who aimed to purify the Church of England and establish a more religiously and morally upright society.

Encomiendas were a system of labor in Spanish colonies, particularly in Latin America, where indigenous people were forced to work for Spanish landowners. This system was not related to the French experience in the New World, as it was specific to Spanish colonization. The French experience in the New World, on the other hand, involved contact with the Aztecs, the fur trade, explorers like Samuel de Champlain, and the coureurs de bois (French fur traders).

The correct answer is "interested in finding the mythical 'northwest passage' to China." This is because the first French explorers were motivated by the desire to find a direct route to China, known as the northwest passage. They believed that such a route would bring them great wealth and trade opportunities. Their main goal was not to Christianize the Native Americans, exploit them, or find gold and silver, but rather to discover a new trade route.

During the colonization period, Spain viewed its New World domain primarily as a source of precious metal. This is evident from the fact that Spain focused its efforts on extracting gold and silver from the colonies, such as in present-day Mexico and Peru. The Spanish conquistadors, driven by the desire for wealth, exploited the abundant resources of gold and silver in the New World, bringing immense riches back to Spain. The importance placed on precious metals is also reflected in the establishment of mining operations and the implementation of systems like the encomienda, which aimed at extracting labor and wealth from the indigenous population.

Anne Hutchinson's skillful self-defense at her trial before the magistrates of Massachusetts Bay was ruined by her claim of personal revelation. This suggests that her assertion of receiving direct messages from God undermined her credibility and was seen as a threat to the established religious authorities. It likely challenged their power and control over religious interpretation, leading them to view her as a heretic and a danger to the community. By claiming personal revelation, Hutchinson may have been seen as challenging the authority of the church and the magistrates, ultimately leading to her downfall.

The tribes of eastern North America defined their place in society through kinship. Kinship refers to the social relationships and connections based on blood ties, marriage, and adoption within a community. In these tribes, kinship determined one's identity, roles, responsibilities, and rights within the society. It provided a framework for organizing social, economic, and political systems. Kinship ties were crucial in establishing alliances, resolving conflicts, and maintaining social cohesion within the tribes. Therefore, kinship played a significant role in shaping the social structure and individual's position in the eastern North American tribes.

The correct answer is the Presbyterian Church. Calvinists in Scotland played a significant role in the establishment of the Presbyterian Church. The church follows a Presbyterian form of church government, which means that it is governed by elders elected by the congregation. The Calvinist theology, which emphasizes the sovereignty of God and predestination, is also a key component of the Presbyterian Church's beliefs. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that Calvinists in Scotland founded the Presbyterian Church.

The Puritans of Massachusetts Bay believed that the best way to reform the Church of England was to remain in the Church and reform it from the inside. They saw themselves as loyal members of the Church and believed that by staying within it, they could influence and change it according to their beliefs and principles. They aimed to purify the Church from within by eliminating what they considered to be corrupt practices and returning to a more biblical and spiritual form of worship. This approach allowed them to maintain their religious identity while actively working towards the reform they desired.

The correct answer is the joint-stock company. English merchant-capitalists introduced this concept to resolve the problem of the vast expenses required for New World settlement. A joint-stock company allowed multiple investors to pool their resources and share the risks and profits of colonization. This form of business organization was crucial in financing and establishing colonies, as it provided a way to raise large amounts of capital and attract investors.

Feudalism is the correct answer because it was a system of decentralized political authority and social hierarchy that was prevalent in medieval Europe. The rise of nation-states in the fifteenth century was characterized by the centralization of political authority under a monarchy, which was a shift away from the feudal system. General prosperity, the effects of the Renaissance, population growth, and the centralization of political authority all contributed to the rise of nation-states in Europe during this time period.

A feudal land system was associated with Maryland. This means that the land in Maryland was owned by a small group of wealthy landowners who leased out land to tenant farmers in exchange for labor or other forms of payment. This system was similar to the feudal system in medieval Europe, where land was controlled by a small nobility class and worked by peasants.

During the eighteenth century in Great Britain, the constitution was not a rigid and static collection of laws and regulations, nor was it a formal written document. Instead, it was an expanding body of laws, statutes, and decisions. This suggests that the constitution was constantly evolving and growing, with new laws and decisions being added over time. It also implies that there was ongoing discussion and consideration of the constitution, as it was subject to change and adaptation.

The correct answer is that the character of the first English settlements in the New World differed substantially from colony to colony from the very beginning of colonization. This means that each colony had its own unique characteristics and qualities that set it apart from the others. The differences could be attributed to various factors such as geography, government rules, and religious preference. This suggests that there was no uniformity among the colonies and each one developed its own distinct identity.

New England families were unique because of the presence of grandparents. This suggests that in New England, it was common for multiple generations to live together in one household, with grandparents playing a significant role in the family structure. This could have been influenced by cultural or practical reasons, such as the need for support and care for elderly family members, passing down traditions and knowledge, or economic considerations. The presence of grandparents in the household would have contributed to a sense of extended family and a strong intergenerational bond within New England families.

During the colonial period, the British were responsible for the majority of slaves sent to the North American colonies. The British established a significant presence in the Americas, particularly in regions like Virginia and South Carolina, where they heavily relied on slave labor for their agricultural industries, such as tobacco and rice cultivation. The British also played a major role in the transatlantic slave trade, capturing and transporting enslaved Africans to the colonies. Therefore, it can be concluded that the British were the primary source of slaves during this period.

The "Old Lights" took a more rational approach on religious questions and faith than did the evangelicals of the Great Awakening. This term refers to a group of religious leaders who opposed the emotional and enthusiastic style of worship promoted by the revivalists. They believed in a more intellectual and traditional interpretation of religious doctrine, emphasizing reason and education over emotional experiences. The Old Lights sought to maintain the established order and resisted the radical changes brought about by the Great Awakening.