This Quiz On Anthropology Is Only For Geniuses 1102-012 Quiz 12

Gender roles refer to the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to the sexes. They are the societal expectations and norms that determine how individuals should behave, think, and feel based on their assigned gender. These roles often include traditional ideas about masculinity and femininity and can vary across different cultures and societies. Gender roles can influence various aspects of life, such as family dynamics, work responsibilities, and social interactions.

In patrilineal, patrilocal horticulturalist societies, men have control over the distribution of goods outside of the domestic sphere. This means that men are responsible for managing and allocating resources and products that are produced within the community, and these goods are typically traded or distributed outside of the household. This control over the distribution of goods gives men a certain level of power and influence in these societies.

The correct answer states that women's work usually contributes more to the diet than men's work, resulting in less gender stratification. This means that in tropical and semitropical forager societies, women play a significant role in food production and gathering, which reduces the power differences between genders. In these societies, women's contributions to the diet are valued, leading to a more egalitarian distribution of resources and less gender-based hierarchy.

The domestic-public dichotomy refers to the separation of home and outside world. This means that there is a distinction between the private sphere of the home, where individuals have control and privacy, and the public sphere outside the home, where individuals interact with others and participate in public life. This separation is important in many societies as it helps maintain boundaries and social norms between private and public spaces.

The patrilineal-patrilocal complex refers to a social system in which descent is traced through the male line and married couples live with or near the husband's family. Warfare and male supremacy are both commonly associated with this complex, as they reinforce the dominance of men in society. However, reduced gender stratification goes against the principles of the patrilineal-patrilocal complex, as it suggests a more equal distribution of power and resources between genders. Therefore, reduced gender stratification is not part of the patrilineal-patrilocal complex.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that while Kottak discusses various aspects of sexual orientation, he does not mention any conclusive scientific evidence that sexual orientation is genetically determined. This means that Kottak does not assert that there is a definitive genetic basis for sexual orientation.

In patrilineal-patrilocal cultivators societies, women are the primary producers of subsistence crops. This means that women are responsible for growing and harvesting crops that are essential for the survival and sustenance of the community. This role highlights the importance of women in ensuring food security and the overall well-being of the society. By being the primary producers of subsistence crops, women play a crucial role in maintaining the livelihoods and meeting the basic needs of the community.

The answer suggests that the lack of a clear distinction between public and domestic roles is associated with relatively mild gender inequality. This means that in societies where there is less separation between the roles and responsibilities of men and women, there tends to be less inequality between the genders. This could imply that when both men and women have equal access to public and domestic spheres, there is less opportunity for one gender to dominate or accrue more prestige than the other.

The answer suggests that the prestige of women varies depending on factors such as subsistence strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy. This implies that the status and role of women in society are not solely determined by their biological capabilities, but rather by social and cultural factors. It highlights the idea that gender roles are not fixed or universal, but rather influenced by specific contexts and circumstances.

In societies where men control significant goods that are exchanged with people outside the family, patriarchy tends to be strongest. This is because men have control over valuable resources and are able to establish and maintain power through their control of these resources. By controlling the exchange of goods, men are able to exert influence and maintain dominance over women and other members of society. This dynamic reinforces traditional gender roles and hierarchies, where men hold more power and women have limited access to resources and decision-making.