Anatomy Practice Quiz 6
The quiz below is the sixth in a series of practice questions aimed at preparing you for the upcoming finals in anatomy. This specific one is centered on the pelvis and ankle regions. Give it a try and ensure you watch out for the seventh quiz. All the best in your revision!
- 1.
Which of the following is not innervated by the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve?
- A.
Bulbospongiosus
- B.
Deep transverse perineal
- C.
Pubococcyeus
- D.
Superficial transverse perineal
- E.
Ischiocavernosus
Correct Answer
C. PubococcyeusExplanation
The pubococcygeus muscle is not innervated by the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve. The perineal branch of the pudendal nerve primarily innervates the muscles of the perineum, which include the bulbospongiosus, deep transverse perineal, superficial transverse perineal, and ischiocavernosus muscles. The pubococcygeus muscle, on the other hand, is innervated by the levator ani nerve, which is a branch of the pudendal nerve.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen and attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur?
- A.
Piriformis muscle
- B.
Obturator externus
- C.
Coccygeus muscle
- D.
Iliococcygeus muscle
- E.
Obturator internus
Correct Answer
E. Obturator internusExplanation
The obturator internus muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen and attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which does not attach to the greater trochanter of the femur?
- A.
Obturator internus
- B.
Piriformis
- C.
Superior gemelli
- D.
Quadratus femoris
- E.
Inferior gemelli
Correct Answer
D. Quadratus femorisExplanation
The quadratus femoris does not attach to the greater trochanter of the femur. It is a muscle located on the posterior side of the hip joint and attaches to the ischial tuberosity, which is a bony prominence on the ischium bone of the pelvis. The other muscles listed in the question (obturator internus, piriformis, superior gemelli, and inferior gemelli) all attach to the greater trochanter of the femur.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is in the superficial perineal pouch?
- A.
Bulbourethral glands
- B.
Greater vestibular glands
- C.
Dorsal neurovasculature of clitoris
- D.
External urethral sphincter muscle
- E.
Dorsal neurovascular structures of penis
Correct Answer
B. Greater vestibular glandsExplanation
The greater vestibular glands are located in the superficial perineal pouch. These glands are also known as Bartholin's glands and are found on either side of the vaginal opening. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vestibule and aid in sexual intercourse. The other options listed are not located in the superficial perineal pouch.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following begins at the apex of the prostate and traverses the deep perineal pouch?
- A.
Intramural urethra
- B.
Prostatic urethra
- C.
Intermediate urethra
- D.
Spongy urethra
- E.
Corpus spongiosum
Correct Answer
C. Intermediate urethraExplanation
The intermediate urethra is the correct answer because it begins at the apex of the prostate and traverses the deep perineal pouch. The prostatic urethra is incorrect because it is located within the prostate gland. The intramural urethra is incorrect because it refers to the portion of the urethra that passes through the wall of the bladder. The spongy urethra is incorrect because it refers to the portion of the urethra that runs through the penis. The corpus spongiosum is incorrect because it is a mass of erectile tissue that surrounds the spongy urethra.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following does not comprise the root of the penis?
- A.
Crura
- B.
Bulb
- C.
Ischiocavernosus muscle
- D.
Bvulbospongiosus muscle
- E.
Corpus cavernosum
Correct Answer
E. Corpus cavernosumExplanation
The corpus cavernosum is a pair of erectile tissues that make up the main part of the penis, responsible for the majority of its rigidity during an erection. The crura, bulb, ischiocavernosus muscle, and bulbospongiosus muscle are all structures that are part of the root of the penis. Therefore, the corpus cavernosum does not comprise the root of the penis.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following compresses the deep dorsal vein of the penis during erection, impeding drainage?
- A.
Bulbospongiosus muscle
- B.
Ischiocavernosus muscle
- C.
Cremaster muscle
- D.
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Correct Answer
A. Bulbospongiosus muscleExplanation
The bulbospongiosus muscle compresses the deep dorsal vein of the penis during erection, impeding drainage. This muscle surrounds the bulb of the penis and contracts during ejaculation, helping to expel semen. By compressing the deep dorsal vein, it prevents blood from leaving the penis too quickly, allowing for a sustained erection.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is partially surrounded by the bulbospongiosus muscles?
- A.
Skene's glands
- B.
Lesser vestibular glands
- C.
Paraurethral glands
- D.
Bartholin glands
Correct Answer
D. Bartholin glandsExplanation
The Bartholin glands are partially surrounded by the bulbospongiosus muscles. These glands are located on either side of the vaginal opening and their main function is to secrete fluid that lubricates the vagina during sexual arousal. The bulbospongiosus muscles are found in the pelvic floor and they help to support the pelvic organs, including the vagina. Therefore, it makes sense that the Bartholin glands would be partially surrounded by these muscles to provide support and protection.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which muscle are the nerves of the sacral plexus either embedded in or posterior to?
- A.
Piriformis
- B.
Quadratus femoris
- C.
Obturator internus
- D.
Gluteus maximus
- E.
Coccygeus
Correct Answer
A. PiriformisExplanation
The nerves of the sacral plexus are either embedded in or posterior to the piriformis muscle. This muscle is located in the buttocks and plays a role in rotating the hip joint. The positioning of the nerves in relation to the piriformis muscle is important as it can impact their function and any compression or impingement of the nerves can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, or weakness in the lower body.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which muscle does not meet at the perineal body?
- A.
Superficial transverse perineal
- B.
Iliacus
- C.
External anal sphincter
- D.
Bulbospongiosus
- E.
Deep transverse perineal
Correct Answer
B. IliacusExplanation
The iliacus muscle does not meet at the perineal body. The perineal body is a fibrous structure located between the anus and the vagina in females or the anus and the scrotum in males. It serves as a point of attachment for various muscles involved in the pelvic floor. The superficial transverse perineal, external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus, and deep transverse perineal muscles all meet at the perineal body. However, the iliacus muscle is not part of the pelvic floor and does not have any direct attachment to the perineal body.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following does not enter the pudendal canal at the lesser sciatic notch?
- A.
Internal pudendal artery
- B.
Pudendal nerve
- C.
Nerve to obturator internus
- D.
Sciatic nerve
- E.
Internal pudendal vein
Correct Answer
D. Sciatic nerveExplanation
The sciatic nerve does not enter the pudendal canal at the lesser sciatic notch. The pudendal canal is a passageway in the pelvis that contains the internal pudendal artery, pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus, and internal pudendal vein. The sciatic nerve, on the other hand, is a large nerve that runs from the lower back down the back of the leg and does not pass through the pudendal canal.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following statements is false?
- A.
The superior part of the anal canal is visceral
- B.
The anal sinuses exude mucus when compressed by feces
- C.
The rectal ampulla widens at the anorectal junction
- D.
The superior rectal artery and vein ends at the anal columns
Correct Answer
C. The rectal ampulla widens at the anorectal junctionExplanation
The rectal ampulla does not widen at the anorectal junction. The rectal ampulla is the expanded portion of the rectum just above the anal canal, and it maintains a relatively constant diameter throughout. The widening of the rectum actually occurs at the rectosigmoid junction, where the rectum transitions into the sigmoid colon.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which is present in females but not in males?
- A.
Rectovesical pouch
- B.
Rounded obturator foramina
- C.
A greater sciatic notch at a 90 degree angle
- D.
The urinary bladder fundus is separated from the rectum centrally by a fascial rectovesical septum
Correct Answer
C. A greater sciatic notch at a 90 degree angleExplanation
The greater sciatic notch is a bony structure located on the pelvis. It is wider in females compared to males, allowing more space for the passage of nerves and blood vessels during childbirth. This anatomical difference is present in females but not in males.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is a sympathetic event during ejaculation?
- A.
Contraction of the urethral muscle
- B.
Contraction of the bulbospongiosus muscle
- C.
Constriction of the helicine arteries
- D.
Closure of the internal urethral sphincter
Correct Answer
D. Closure of the internal urethral sphincterExplanation
During ejaculation, the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the closure of the internal urethral sphincter. This sphincter prevents the backflow of semen into the bladder by closing off the opening of the bladder. This action allows the semen to be expelled through the urethra and out of the body. The contraction of the urethral muscle, contraction of the bulbospongiosus muscle, and constriction of the helicine arteries are all parasympathetic events that occur during ejaculation.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which is false?
- A.
The superior rectal artery is a continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery.
- B.
The middle rectal artery is a branch off the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
- C.
The inferior rectal artery branches off the internal pudendal artery, which branches off the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
- D.
The iliolumbar artery branches from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery superior to the internal pudendal artery
- E.
The ovarian artery branches from the abdominal aorta inferior to the renal artery but superior to the inferior mesenteric artery
Correct Answer
D. The iliolumbar artery branches from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery superior to the internal pudendal arteryExplanation
The statement that the iliolumbar artery branches from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery superior to the internal pudendal artery is false. The iliolumbar artery actually branches from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery, not the anterior division.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following nerves does not supply pelvic structures?
- A.
Pudendal nerve
- B.
S4-S5 spinal nerves
- C.
Obturator nerve
- D.
Inferior anal nerve
- E.
Coccygeal plexus
Correct Answer
C. Obturator nerveExplanation
The obturator nerve does not supply pelvic structures. It is a nerve that originates from the lumbar plexus and primarily innervates the muscles of the medial thigh. It does not have any direct innervation to the pelvic organs or structures.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which muscle is not a part of the triceps coxae group?
- A.
Obturator internus
- B.
Piriformis
- C.
Superior gemelli
- D.
Quadratus femoris
Correct Answer
B. PiriformisExplanation
The piriformis muscle is not a part of the triceps coxae group. The triceps coxae group consists of three muscles: the obturator internus, the superior gemelli, and the quadratus femoris. The piriformis muscle is located in the gluteal region and is responsible for rotating the hip joint. While it is in close proximity to the triceps coxae group, it is not considered a part of this specific group of muscles.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which is false concerning the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?
- A.
In general, one of their functions is to laterally rotate the thigh
- B.
They have proximal attachments on the posterlateral surface and margins of the ala of the ilium
- C.
They tend to extend the thigh
- D.
They are innervated by the superior and inferior gluteal nerves
Correct Answer
A. In general, one of their functions is to laterally rotate the thighExplanation
The statement that is false concerning the superficial muscles of the gluteal region is that one of their functions is to laterally rotate the thigh. The superficial muscles of the gluteal region, including the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus, have various functions such as extension, abduction, and stabilization of the hip joint. However, they are not primarily responsible for lateral rotation of the thigh. This function is mainly carried out by the deep muscles of the hip joint, such as the piriformis and obturator externus.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which is true of the femur?
- A.
The angle of inclination increases with maturation
- B.
The intertrochanteric crest joins the greater and lesser trochanters anteriorly
- C.
The epicondyles of the femur articulate with the condyles of the tibia
- D.
The fovea is a medially placed depression in the head of the femur
- E.
The interercondylar fossa is located anteriorly and superiorly
Correct Answer
D. The fovea is a medially placed depression in the head of the femurExplanation
The fovea is a medially placed depression in the head of the femur. This is true because the fovea is a small pit-like structure located on the medial surface of the femoral head. It serves as the attachment site for the ligament of the head of the femur, which helps to stabilize the hip joint. The other statements are incorrect because the angle of inclination of the femur decreases with maturation, the intertrochanteric crest joins the greater and lesser trochanters posteriorly, the epicondyles of the femur articulate with the condyles of the femur, and the intercondylar fossa is located posteriorly and inferiorly.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which muscle is not in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
- A.
Iliopsoas
- B.
Obturator externus
- C.
Quadriceps femoris
- D.
Sartorius
- E.
Pectineus
Correct Answer
B. Obturator externusExplanation
The obturator externus muscle is not in the anterior compartment of the thigh. The anterior compartment of the thigh consists of the iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, sartorius, and pectineus muscles. The obturator externus muscle is located in the medial compartment of the thigh.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Medial thigh muscles
- A.
Are mostly innervated by the oburator nerve
- B.
Serve to adduct the thigh
- C.
Include gracilis, semitendinosus and vastus medialis
- D.
A and B
- E.
A, B and C
Correct Answer
D. A and BExplanation
The correct answer is A and B. The medial thigh muscles are mostly innervated by the obturator nerve and serve to adduct the thigh. Gracilis, semitendinosus, and vastus medialis are examples of medial thigh muscles.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which is false of the femoral triangle?
- A.
The lateral border is sartorius
- B.
The floor is formed by iliopsoas and pectineus muscles
- C.
It contains the femoral nerve
- D.
The base is formed by the inguinal ligament
- E.
The superior boundary is the apex of the triangle
Correct Answer
E. The superior boundary is the apex of the triangleExplanation
The correct answer is that the superior boundary is the apex of the triangle. In anatomy, the superior boundary of the femoral triangle is formed by the inguinal ligament, not the apex. The apex of the triangle is formed by the meeting point of the sartorius muscle and the adductor longus muscle. The femoral triangle is a region in the upper thigh that contains important structures such as the femoral nerve, femoral artery, and femoral vein.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What is the function of the medial compartment of the femoral sheath?
- A.
Houses the femoral artery
- B.
Houses the femoral vein
- C.
It provides a proximal opening at the abdominal end of the femoral sheath
- D.
It allows expansion of the femoral vein during Valsalva strain
Correct Answer
D. It allows expansion of the femoral vein during Valsalva strainExplanation
The function of the medial compartment of the femoral sheath is to allow expansion of the femoral vein during Valsalva strain. This is important because during Valsalva strain, there is increased pressure in the abdominal cavity, which can compress the femoral vein. The expansion of the femoral vein in the medial compartment of the femoral sheath helps to accommodate this increased pressure and prevent compression of the vein.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which is false of blood vessels of the thigh?
- A.
The superficial epigastric artery arises from the anterior aspect of the femoral artery
- B.
The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries arise from the anterior aspect of the femoral artery
- C.
The great saphenous vein could be visualized and palpated anterior to the medial malleolus
- D.
The great saphenous vein joins with the femoral vein at the femoral triangle
- E.
The popliteal vein becomes the femoral vein when it passes through the adductor canal
Correct Answer
B. The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries arise from the anterior aspect of the femoral arteryExplanation
The correct answer is that the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries arise from the anterior aspect of the femoral artery. This statement is false because the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries actually arise from the deep femoral artery, not the anterior aspect of the femoral artery.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following does not have an attachment at pes anserinus?
- A.
Sartorius
- B.
Semitendinosus
- C.
Semimembranosus
- D.
Gracilis
Correct Answer
C. SemimembranosusExplanation
The pes anserinus is a tendon located on the inner side of the knee joint. It is formed by the tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles. These tendons attach to the tibia bone. The semimembranosus muscle, on the other hand, attaches to the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis and does not contribute to the formation of the pes anserinus. Therefore, the semimembranosus muscle does not have an attachment at the pes anserinus.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following is false of pes anserinus?
- A.
It is on the anteromedial surface of the proximal part of the tibia
- B.
The muscles that join at pes anserinus are each innervated by a different nerve
- C.
Biceps femoris has nothing to do with pes anserinus
- D.
Pes anserinus provides a direct surgical route to repair the lateral collateral ligament
Correct Answer
D. Pes anserinus provides a direct surgical route to repair the lateral collateral ligamentExplanation
Pes anserinus is a structure located on the anteromedial surface of the proximal part of the tibia. The muscles that join at pes anserinus (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus) are each innervated by a different nerve. However, biceps femoris is not directly related to pes anserinus. Pes anserinus does not provide a direct surgical route to repair the lateral collateral ligament.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What is the innervation of the short head of biceps femoris?
- A.
Tibial nerve
- B.
Fibular nerve
- C.
Sciatic nerve
- D.
Femoral nerve
Correct Answer
B. Fibular nerveExplanation
The short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by the fibular nerve. The fibular nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve, which is the largest nerve in the body. It supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg, including the short head of the biceps femoris. The tibial nerve, another branch of the sciatic nerve, innervates the other muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. The femoral nerve, on the other hand, innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What is innervated by the sciatic nerve?
- A.
Semitendinosus
- B.
Gracilis
- C.
Adductor magnus
- D.
Gastrocnemius
- E.
Nothing
Correct Answer
E. NothingExplanation
The sciatic nerve does not directly innervate the semitendinosus, gracilis, adductor magnus, or gastrocnemius muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is "nothing."Rate this question:
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- 29.
What connects the anterior and interosseous borders of the tibia?
- A.
Anterior surface
- B.
Posterior surface
- C.
Medial surface
- D.
Lateral surface
Correct Answer
C. Medial surfaceExplanation
The correct answer is the medial surface. The medial surface of the tibia is the inner side or the side that faces the midline of the body. It connects both the anterior and interosseous borders of the tibia, which are located on the front and in between the tibia and fibula bones respectively. This connection helps to provide stability and support to the tibia bone.Rate this question:
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- 30.
What articulates with the 5th metatarsal?
- A.
Navicular
- B.
Cuboid
- C.
Talus
- D.
Calcaneus
Correct Answer
B. CuboidExplanation
The cuboid articulates with the 5th metatarsal. This means that the cuboid bone forms a joint with the 5th metatarsal bone, allowing for movement and stability in the foot.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which muscle supports the medial longitudinal arches of the foot?
- A.
Flexor hallucis longus
- B.
Fibularis longus
- C.
Tibialis posterior
- D.
Fibularis brevis
Correct Answer
A. Flexor hallucis longusExplanation
The flexor hallucis longus muscle supports the medial longitudinal arches of the foot. This muscle is located in the lower leg and it helps in flexing the big toe. By providing support to the arches of the foot, the flexor hallucis longus muscle contributes to maintaining the stability and structure of the foot during activities such as walking and running.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which muscle is absent in 5-10% of people?
- A.
Gastrocnemius
- B.
Soleus
- C.
Pectineus
- D.
Plantaris
Correct Answer
D. PlantarisExplanation
The plantaris muscle is absent in 5-10% of people. This muscle is a small, thin muscle that runs along the back of the lower leg. While it is not essential for normal movement or function, it can sometimes be used as a graft for surgical procedures. Its absence is a normal anatomical variation and does not typically cause any significant issues or impairments.Rate this question:
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- 33.
What forms the inferolateral and medial border of the popliteal fossa?
- A.
Biceps femoris
- B.
Semimembranosus
- C.
Gastrocnemius
- D.
Popliteal fascia
Correct Answer
C. GastrocnemiusExplanation
The gastrocnemius muscle forms the inferolateral and medial border of the popliteal fossa. The popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped space located at the back of the knee joint. The gastrocnemius muscle is one of the major muscles of the calf and it originates from the femur and inserts into the Achilles tendon. Its position and size contribute to the formation of the boundaries of the popliteal fossa.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which does the lateral circumflex femoral artery give rise to?
- A.
Perforating branches
- B.
Superior lateral genicular artery
- C.
Descending genicular artery
- D.
Superior medial genicular artery
Correct Answer
B. Superior lateral genicular arteryExplanation
The lateral circumflex femoral artery gives rise to the superior lateral genicular artery.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following is true of the knee?
- A.
The arrangement of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments makes it so there is more medial than lateral rotation
- B.
The patellar ligament stabilizes the medial and lateral meniscus
- C.
The fibular collateral ligament is also known as the medial collateral ligament
- D.
The arcuate popliteal ligament is lateral to the oblique popliteal ligament
Correct Answer
D. The arcuate popliteal ligament is lateral to the oblique popliteal ligamentExplanation
The answer is true because the arcuate popliteal ligament is indeed located on the lateral side of the knee joint, while the oblique popliteal ligament is located on the medial side. This arrangement helps to provide stability to the knee joint by preventing excessive rotation and hyperextension.Rate this question:
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