Anatomy Long Quiz 6
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Urinary and Genital systems develop from the ___ ___ that forms the ____ ____.
Anatomy Long Quiz 6 explores the development of the urinary and genital systems, focusing on key stages and genetic influences. It assesses understanding of structures like the urogenital ridge, paramesonephric ducts, and primitive sex cords, crucial for students in medical and biological sciences.
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- 2.
Regarding the development of the genital system...
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XY chromosomes express SRY which expresses SOX9 which will then trigger WNT4 gene in males
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SOX9 inhibits the expression of WNT4
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WNT4 leads to expression of DAX1 and other genes. DAX1 inhibits SOX9
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The development of testis allows for the inhibition of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance
Correct Answer(s)
A. SOX9 inhibits the expression of WNT4
A. WNT4 leads to expression of DAX1 and other genes. DAX1 inhibits SOX9Explanation
In Males: XY chromosomes express SRY, which leads to SOX9. SOX9 inhibits the expresson of WNT 4 (the primary gene in females), and leads to SF1 ultimately forming the testis. The testis secrete testosterone from Leydig cells leading to the stiimulation of mesonephric ducts (efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles). Dihydrotestosterone leads to formation of external genitalia. Testis also secrete Mullerian inhibiting substance from Sertoli cells which will suppress paramesonephric ducts (which in female lead to the formation of uterine tube, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina).Rate this question:
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- 3.
Paramesonephric ducts lead to the formation of
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Uterine tube, uterus, upper portion of vagina
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Efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens
Correct Answer
A. Uterine tube, uterus, upper portion of vaginaExplanation
The paramesonephric ducts, also known as Müllerian ducts, are embryonic structures that develop in females. These ducts give rise to the uterine tube, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina. These reproductive organs play crucial roles in the female reproductive system. The uterine tube transports the egg from the ovary to the uterus, where fertilization can occur. The uterus is where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus. The upper portion of the vagina connects the uterus to the external genitalia. Therefore, the correct answer is the formation of the uterine tube, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina.Rate this question:
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- 4.
During the developing stage, primordial germ cells proliferate and penetrate underlying mesenchyme to form ___ ___ ___. This happens in the 7th week.
Correct Answer
primitive sex cordsExplanation
During the developing stage, primordial germ cells undergo proliferation and migrate into the underlying mesenchyme. This process leads to the formation of primitive sex cords. This occurs specifically during the 7th week of development.Rate this question:
- 5.
The proliferation and condensation of intermediate mesoderm on either side of the midline to form the genital ridges is considered what stage of development? (Be specific)
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Inital
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Developing
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Indifferent
Correct Answer
A. InitalExplanation
The correct answer is "Initial". This stage refers to the early phase of development where the intermediate mesoderm proliferates and condenses on both sides of the midline to form the genital ridges. This stage occurs before the differentiation of the genital ridges into male or female structures takes place.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which statements are true?
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In males, under the influence of testis determining factor, primitive sex cords continue to proliferate and penetrate deep into the medulla to form testis chords
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In females, the absense of testis determining factor causes dissociation of primitive sex cords into irregular cell clusters around primitive germ cells in the future medulla forming medullary cords that will eventually be replaced by vascular stroma of ovarian medulla
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Tunica albuginea is a layer of elastic tissue that separates testis cords from surface epithelium
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Interstitial cells of leydig form from sporadic mesenchyme cell groups in between testis cords. They produce testosterone allowing for differentiation of genital ducts and external genilia.
Correct Answer(s)
A. In males, under the influence of testis determining factor, primitive sex cords continue to proliferate and penetrate deep into the medulla to form testis chords
A. Interstitial cells of leydig form from sporadic mesenchyme cell groups in between testis cords. They produce testosterone allowing for differentiation of genital ducts and external genilia.Explanation
Medullary cords are another term for testis cords, as such they will NOT form in the female.
Tunica albuginea is a dense layer of FIBROUS tissue that separates testis cords from surface epithelium.Rate this question:
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- 7.
During male development, testis cords near the hilum break up into rete testis (a network of tubules) and establish connection with mesonephric duct (aka Wolffian duct) via efferent ductules
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
During male development, the testis cords, which are located near the hilum (the area where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit an organ), break up into rete testis, which is a network of tubules. These tubules then establish a connection with the mesonephric duct, also known as the Wolffian duct, through efferent ductules. This process is a normal part of male reproductive development. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The dissociatioin of the primitive sex cords in females (due to the absense of testis determining factor) forms follicular cells that surround oogonia
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that in females, the absence of the testis determining factor leads to the dissociation of the primitive sex cords. This dissociation results in the formation of follicular cells that surround the oogonia. This process is a crucial step in the development of female reproductive structures and supports the statement that the given answer is true.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What statements are true?
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Mesonephric (Woliffian) ducts develop separately from the urinary system and develop only under the influence of testosterone
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Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts are longitudinal invagination of epithelium on anterolateral surgace of urogenital ridge.
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The paramesonephric ducts degenerate in females under the influence of MIS released by Sertoli cells
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The Mullerian ducts develop to the duct system in females
Correct Answer(s)
A. Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts are longitudinal invagination of epithelium on anterolateral surgace of urogenital ridge.
A. The Mullerian ducts develop to the duct system in femalesExplanation
Although it is correct to say Mesonephric ducts develop under the effect of testosterone, they develop with the urinary system in males.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The paramesonephric ducts completely degenerate in males due to MIS released by Sertoli cells
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The paramesonephric ducts degenerate in males EXCEPT at the prostatic utricle (a small blind ending pouch in the seminal colliculus of the prostatic urethra)Rate this question:
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- 11.
The myometrium and perimetrium develop from surrounding ____ mesoderm
Correct Answer
splanchnicExplanation
The myometrium and perimetrium are layers of the uterus. They develop from the surrounding splanchnic mesoderm. The splanchnic mesoderm is one of the two layers of the lateral plate mesoderm, which gives rise to the internal organs. In the development of the uterus, the splanchnic mesoderm differentiates into the myometrium, which is the muscular layer, and the perimetrium, which is the outer layer. Therefore, the correct answer is splanchnic.Rate this question:
- 12.
What is not true regarding the paramesonephric ducts in females?
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They fuse caudally to form the endometrial lining of the uterus
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Cranially, the ducts remain separate to form uterine tubes
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They migrate and fuse medially after grabbing a transverse fold of mesoderm (future peritoneum) forming the broad ligament of the uterus
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They fuse anteriorly to form the myometrium and perimetrium of the uterus
Correct Answer
A. They fuse anteriorly to form the myometrium and perimetrium of the uterusExplanation
The paramesonephric ducts do not form the myometrium and perimetrium. Those developm from the surrounding splanchnic mesodermRate this question:
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- 13.
In males, testis cords remain open until puberty
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
testis cords remain solid until puberty when they canalize to form seminiferous tubulesRate this question:
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- 14.
Define bicornuate uterus:
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Failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse resulting in formation of 2 horns of uterus in a common vagina
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Failure of fusion of parameonephric ducts and sinovaginal bulbs
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Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or a vaginal plate to canalize
Correct Answer
A. Failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse resulting in formation of 2 horns of uterus in a common vaginaExplanation
The correct answer is "failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse resulting in formation of 2 horns of uterus in a common vagina." This explanation states that a bicornuate uterus occurs when the paramesonephric ducts, which are responsible for the development of the uterus, fail to fuse properly. This leads to the formation of two separate horns of the uterus instead of a single, fully formed uterus. These two horns share a common vagina.Rate this question:
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- 15.
How would a double uterus and vagina develop?
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Failure of parameonephric ducts to fuse resulting in formation of 2 horns of uterus in a common vagina
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Failure of fusion of paramesonephric ducts and sinovaginal bulbs
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Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or vaginal plate to canalize
Correct Answer
A. Failure of fusion of paramesonephric ducts and sinovaginal bulbsExplanation
The development of a double uterus and vagina occurs due to the failure of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts and sinovaginal bulbs. The paramesonephric ducts are responsible for the formation of the uterus and fallopian tubes, while the sinovaginal bulbs contribute to the development of the vagina. If these structures fail to fuse properly, it can result in the formation of two separate horns of the uterus along with a common vagina. This condition is known as uterus didelphys and can occur due to genetic or developmental abnormalities.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Vaginal atresia is a result of
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Failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse resulting in formation of 2 horns of uterus in a common vagina.
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Failure of fusion of paramesonephric ducts and sinovaginal bulbs
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Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or vaginal plate to canalize
Correct Answer
A. Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or vaginal plate to canalizeExplanation
The correct answer is failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or vaginal plate to canalize. Vaginal atresia occurs when there is a failure in the development of the sinovaginal bulb or the vaginal plate, which leads to the absence or obstruction of the vaginal canal. This can result in the formation of two horns of the uterus in a common vagina due to the failure of the paramesonephric ducts to fuse.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Regarding the development of the vagina....
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Cranial part develops from the most cranial part of fused paramesonephric tubules that canalize forming vaginal fornices & upper 1/3 of vagina
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Caudal part develops from sino-vaginal bulbs
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The sino vaginal bulbs fuse to form a solid vaginal plate that canalizes forming lower 2/3 of vagina
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The most distal part of the vaginal tube is enclosed by a single layer membrane (hymen) that has small holes for passage of vaginal secretions and menstruation
Correct Answer(s)
A. Caudal part develops from sino-vaginal bulbs
A. The sino vaginal bulbs fuse to form a solid vaginal plate that canalizes forming lower 2/3 of vaginaExplanation
Cranial part develops from the most caudal part of fused paramesonephric tubules that canalize forming vaginal fornices & upper 1/3 of vagina.
Most distal part of vaginal tube is enclosed by a DOUBLE layer membrane (hymen) that has small holes for passage of
vaginal secretions & menstruationRate this question:
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- 18.
The mesonephric ducts in females degenerate and their remnants form the epoophoron and paroophoron of the broad ligament and Gartner's glands
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The mesonephric ducts, also known as Wolffian ducts, are present in both males and females during embryonic development. In males, these ducts develop into the reproductive structures such as the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles. However, in females, the mesonephric ducts typically degenerate and do not contribute to the formation of reproductive structures. Instead, their remnants give rise to certain structures in the female reproductive system, including the epoophoron and paroophoron within the broad ligament, as well as Gartner's glands. Therefore, the statement that the mesonephric ducts in females degenerate and their remnants form the epoophoron and paroophoron of the broad ligament and Gartner's glands is true.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The persistance of processus vaginalis results in an ___ ___ ___
Correct Answer
indirect inguinal herniaExplanation
The persistence of processus vaginalis refers to a condition where the embryonic structure in the groin area fails to close properly. This can lead to the development of an indirect inguinal hernia. In this type of hernia, the abdominal contents protrude through the inguinal canal, which is a passageway in the groin region. Therefore, the correct answer is indirect inguinal hernia.Rate this question:
- 20.
Define congenital hydrocele
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Persistence of connection between processus vaginalis cavity & scrotal sac
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Partial persistence of a cystic cavity during obliteration of processus vaginalis
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↓ ↓ testosterone causes failure of one or both testicles to descend in the scrotum with failure to produce mature sperms
Correct Answer
A. Partial persistence of a cystic cavity during obliteration of processus vaginalisExplanation
Persistence of connection between processus vaginalis cavity & scrotal sac describes a congenital inguinal hernia.
↓ ↓ testosterone causes failure of one or both testicles to descend in the scrotum with failure to produce mature sperms describes cryptochidismRate this question:
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- 21.
Androgens secreted by testes....
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Causes the slow growth of urethral folds
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Slows down the growth of genital tubercle
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Causes rapid elongation of genital tubercle (phallus)
Correct Answer
A. Causes rapid elongation of genital tubercle (phallus)Explanation
Androgens secreted by the testes are responsible for the rapid elongation of the genital tubercle (phallus). Androgens are a group of hormones that include testosterone, and they play a crucial role in the development of male reproductive organs during embryonic development. The genital tubercle is a structure that will eventually develop into the penis in males. The presence of androgens stimulates the growth and elongation of the genital tubercle, leading to the formation of the male external genitalia.Rate this question:
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- 22.
In females...
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Estrogen release slows down the growth of genital tubercle resulting in the formation of clitoris (solid structure)
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Urethral folds also undergo very slow growth & stay separated from each other resulting in formation of labia minora surrounding vestibule (urogenital groove)
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Urethra is derived from only one part (membranous urethra only ). It is short & wide.
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Genital swellings undergo rapid growth and stay separated and in place from the labia majora
Correct Answer(s)
A. Estrogen release slows down the growth of genital tubercle resulting in the formation of clitoris (solid structure)
A. Urethral folds also undergo very slow growth & stay separated from each other resulting in formation of labia minora surrounding vestibule (urogenital groove)
A. Urethra is derived from only one part (membranous urethra only ). It is short & wide.Explanation
During female development, estrogen release plays a crucial role in regulating the growth of various reproductive structures. It slows down the growth of the genital tubercle, leading to the formation of the clitoris, which is a solid structure. Similarly, estrogen also affects the growth of the urethral folds, causing them to undergo slow growth and remain separated from each other. This results in the formation of the labia minora, which surrounds the vestibule or urogenital groove. Furthermore, the urethra in females is derived from only one part, known as the membranous urethra, which is short and wide. The genital swellings also experience rapid growth but stay separated and in place from the labia majora.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In males....
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Growing phallus pulls urethral folds forward with it leading to formation of lateral walls of the urethral groove
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The urethra is derived from only one part
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Epithelial cells over glans penis proliferate & invade inward to form solid external urethral meatus that canalizes & becomes continuous with penile urethra
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Prostatic & membranous parts of the urethra arise from the pelvic part of urogenital sinus
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Penile part of urethra arises from epithelial proliferation
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Glandular parts: arises from urethral folds
Correct Answer(s)
A. Growing phallus pulls urethral folds forward with it leading to formation of lateral walls of the urethral groove
A. Prostatic & membranous parts of the urethra arise from the pelvic part of urogenital sinusExplanation
Penile part: arises from urethral folds
glandular parts: arises from surface (glans penis) epithelial proliferationRate this question:
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- 24.
Define hypospadias
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Incomplete fusion of urethral folds leading to abnormal opening(s) along the inferior aspect of shaft of the penis
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Too far caudal genital tubercle causes opening on the dorsum of the penis with exposure of the urethra
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Failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse resulting in formation of 2 horns of uterus in a common vagina.
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Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or vaginal plate to canalize
Correct Answer
A. Incomplete fusion of urethral folds leading to abnormal opening(s) along the inferior aspect of shaft of the penisExplanation
Hypospadias is defined as the incomplete fusion of urethral folds, which results in abnormal openings along the inferior aspect of the shaft of the penis. This means that the urethra does not develop properly and instead opens in a location that is not typical. The other options provided in the question are unrelated to hypospadias and describe different conditions or abnormalities in the development of the reproductive system.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Define Epispadias
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Incomplete fusion of urethral folds leading to abnormal opening(s) along the inferior aspect of shaft of the penis
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Too far caudal genital tubercle causes opening on the dorsum of the penis with exposure of the urethra
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Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or vaginal plate to canalize
Correct Answer
A. Too far caudal genital tubercle causes opening on the dorsum of the penis with exposure of the urethraExplanation
Epispadias is a condition characterized by the abnormal opening(s) along the inferior aspect of the shaft of the penis. This occurs when the caudal genital tubercle is positioned too far back, causing an opening on the dorsum of the penis and exposing the urethra. This abnormal fusion of the urethral folds during development leads to the formation of an abnormal urethral opening.Rate this question:
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- 26.
With regards to Inborn deficiency of 21beta hydroxylase enzyme....
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It is a type of true hermaphroditism
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Progesterone can no longer be converted to deoxycorticosterone and as such gets converted to DHEA and thus testosterone.
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There is ovarian development but male external genitalia
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These patients have low cortisol but ACTH
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As a result of decreased aldosterone these patients present with hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia, as well as increased plasma renin
Correct Answer(s)
A. Progesterone can no longer be converted to deoxycorticosterone and as such gets converted to DHEA and thus testosterone.
A. There is ovarian development but male external genitalia
A. These patients have low cortisol but ACTH
A. As a result of decreased aldosterone these patients present with hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia, as well as increased plasma reninExplanation
Inborn deficiency of 21beta hydroxylase enzyme leads to a disruption in the conversion of progesterone to deoxycorticosterone. As a result, progesterone is converted to DHEA, which can further be converted to testosterone. This leads to the development of male external genitalia despite the presence of ovarian development. Additionally, the deficiency also causes low cortisol levels but high levels of ACTH. The decrease in aldosterone production results in symptoms such as hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and increased plasma renin levels.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The most common form of male pseudohermaphroditism is ___ ___ ___
Correct Answer(s)
Androgen Insensitivity syndromeExplanation
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is the most common form of male pseudohermaphroditism. In this condition, individuals with XY chromosomes have a partial or complete inability to respond to androgens, which are male sex hormones. As a result, their external genitalia may appear female or ambiguous, despite having testes instead of ovaries internally. AIS can range from mild to severe, with individuals having varying degrees of feminization of their bodies. This condition is caused by mutations in the androgen receptor gene and can affect the development of both primary and secondary sexual characteristics.Rate this question:
- 28.
What is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea?
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Androgen insensitivity syndrome
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Klinefelter's syndrome
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Turner's syndrome
Correct Answer
A. Turner's syndromeExplanation
Turner's syndrome is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea. This condition occurs in females when one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing. This genetic disorder leads to various physical and developmental abnormalities, including the absence of menstruation. Androgen insensitivity syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome are also genetic disorders, but they are not as commonly associated with primary amenorrhea as Turner's syndrome.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What is IVP?
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Intravenous Pyelogram
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Contrast media is administered to the patient intravenously, allowing visulaization of renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder
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Is replacing CT with contrast because it's more sensitive
Correct Answer(s)
A. Intravenous Pyelogram
A. Contrast media is administered to the patient intravenously, allowing visulaization of renal pelvis, ureters, and bladderExplanation
IVP stands for Intravenous Pyelogram, which is a diagnostic test used to visualize the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder. In this procedure, contrast media is administered to the patient intravenously, which helps in enhancing the visibility of these structures during imaging. The use of contrast makes IVP more sensitive and allows for better visualization compared to other imaging techniques like CT scans.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Renal calculi are usually painful and cause blood in the urine
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
They are not usually painful, but do cause blood in the urineRate this question:
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- 31.
With regards to renal/uteric/vesicular calculi...
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40-50% are visible on plain film
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Caused by infection, urinary stasis, several systemic diseases
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Uteric calculi are very painful, but pass within 3-4 days
Correct Answer(s)
A. Caused by infection, urinary stasis, several systemic diseases
A. Uteric calculi are very painful, but pass within 3-4 daysExplanation
Renal/uteric/vesicular calculi are caused by infection, urinary stasis, and several systemic diseases. Uteric calculi, specifically, are known to be very painful but typically pass within 3-4 days. Additionally, it is mentioned that 40-50% of these calculi are visible on plain film.Rate this question:
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- 32.
A form of internal radiation therapy, often used in the treatment of prostate cancer is called ____
Correct Answer(s)
brachytherapyExplanation
Brachytherapy is a form of internal radiation therapy commonly used to treat prostate cancer. It involves the placement of radioactive sources directly into or near the tumor, delivering a high dose of radiation while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This targeted approach allows for more effective treatment with fewer side effects compared to external beam radiation therapy. Brachytherapy can be delivered through permanent implants or temporary sources, depending on the specific case and treatment goals.Rate this question:
- 33.
Phleboliths....
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Are calcified venous thrombi
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Have a lucent center
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Are usually found in the abdomen
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Are of little clinical significance
Correct Answer(s)
A. Are calcified venous thrombi
A. Have a lucent center
A. Are of little clinical significanceExplanation
They are usually found in the pelvisRate this question:
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- 34.
Uterine fibroids...
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Are also called leiomyoma, myoma, or fibromyoma
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Are a common benign tumor of the female reproductive tract, occuring in 40% of women over 40
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They are usually asymptomatic but may present with heavy menstration, pelvic pressure, frequent urinaton or constipation
Correct Answer(s)
A. Are also called leiomyoma, myoma, or fibromyoma
A. Are a common benign tumor of the female reproductive tract, occuring in 40% of women over 40
A. They are usually asymptomatic but may present with heavy menstration, pelvic pressure, frequent urinaton or constipationExplanation
The given answer provides a comprehensive explanation of uterine fibroids. It states that uterine fibroids are also known by various names such as leiomyoma, myoma, or fibromyoma. It further explains that these fibroids are a common benign tumor found in the female reproductive tract, affecting 40% of women over the age of 40. Additionally, it mentions that while uterine fibroids are usually asymptomatic, they can cause symptoms such as heavy menstruation, pelvic pressure, frequent urination, or constipation.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which is cheaper and less dangerous: conventional angiography or magnetic resonance angiogram
Correct Answer(s)
magnetic resonance angiogramExplanation
The correct answer is magnetic resonance angiogram. This is because conventional angiography involves the insertion of a catheter into the blood vessels, which can be invasive and carries a risk of complications. On the other hand, magnetic resonance angiogram uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the blood vessels without the need for invasive procedures. Additionally, magnetic resonance angiogram is often more cost-effective compared to conventional angiography, as it eliminates the need for hospital stays and anesthesia.Rate this question:
- 36.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
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Renal Corpuscle
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Bowman's capsule
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Urinferous tubule
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Ureter
Correct Answer
A. Urinferous tubuleExplanation
The uriniferous tubule is the functional unit of the kidney, made up of a collecting tubule and its associated nephronsRate this question:
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- 37.
Nephrons are composed of
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Collecing tubules
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Renal corpuscle
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Proximal convoluted tubule
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Uriniferous tubule
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Henle's loop
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Distal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer(s)
A. Renal corpuscle
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
A. Henle's loop
A. Distal convoluted tubuleExplanation
The nephrons in the kidney are composed of several structures, including the renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, Henle's loop, and distal convoluted tubule. The renal corpuscle is responsible for filtering blood and forming urine, while the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs water and important substances back into the bloodstream. Henle's loop helps to concentrate urine by creating a concentration gradient in the kidney, and the distal convoluted tubule further adjusts the composition of urine by reabsorbing or secreting specific substances. Together, these structures play a crucial role in the filtration and excretion of waste products from the body.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The glomerulus and bowman's capsule make up the ___ ___
Correct Answer(s)
renal corpuscleExplanation
The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule make up the renal corpuscle. The renal corpuscle is a vital part of the kidney responsible for the initial filtration of blood to form urine. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels where filtration occurs, and Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus, collecting the filtered fluid. Together, they form the renal corpuscle, playing a crucial role in the filtration process in the kidney.Rate this question:
- 39.
Renal pyramids contain the
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Loops of henle
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Lower part of collecting tubules
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Bellini ducts
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Renal corpuscles
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Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
Correct Answer(s)
A. Loops of henle
A. Lower part of collecting tubules
A. Bellini ductsExplanation
The renal pyramids contain the loops of Henle, lower part of collecting tubules, and Bellini ducts. These structures are all part of the renal tubules, which play a crucial role in the filtration and reabsorption of substances in the kidney. The loops of Henle are responsible for creating a concentration gradient in the kidney, allowing for the reabsorption of water and electrolytes. The lower part of the collecting tubules continues this reabsorption process, while the Bellini ducts help transport urine from the collecting tubules to the renal pelvis. Therefore, all of these structures are present in the renal pyramids.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Medullary rays...
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Are part of the cortex
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Are found in the medulla
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Are also called collecting tubules
Correct Answer(s)
A. Are part of the cortex
A. Are also called collecting tubulesExplanation
Medullary rays are part of the cortex and are also called collecting tubules. The medullary rays are structures that extend from the medulla into the cortex of the kidney. They consist of a collection of tubules that help transport urine from the collecting ducts in the medulla to the renal pelvis. These tubules are responsible for reabsorbing water and certain solutes from the urine, allowing the body to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Therefore, the statement that medullary rays are part of the cortex and are also called collecting tubules is correct.Rate this question:
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