Anatomy Long Quiz 6

40 Questions | By Welterjm | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 101

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Long Quiz 6

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1.

Urinary and Genital systems develop from the ___ ___ that forms the ____ ____.
2.

Regarding the development of the genital system...
- A.
  
  XY chromosomes express SRY which expresses SOX9 which will then trigger WNT4 gene in males
- B.
  
  SOX9 inhibits the expression of WNT4
- C.
  
  WNT4 leads to expression of DAX1 and other genes. DAX1 inhibits SOX9
- D.
  
  The development of testis allows for the inhibition of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance
3.

Paramesonephric ducts lead to the formation of
- A.
  
  Uterine tube, uterus, upper portion of vagina
- B.
  
  Efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens
4.

During the developing stage, primordial germ cells proliferate and penetrate underlying mesenchyme to form ___ ___ ___. This happens in the 7th week.
5.

The proliferation and condensation of intermediate mesoderm on either side of the midline to form the genital ridges is considered what stage of development? (Be specific)
- A.
  
  Inital
- B.
  
  Developing
- C.
  
  Indifferent
6.

Which statements are true?
- A.
  
  In males, under the influence of testis determining factor, primitive sex cords continue to proliferate and penetrate deep into the medulla to form testis chords
- B.
  
  In females, the absense of testis determining factor causes dissociation of primitive sex cords into irregular cell clusters around primitive germ cells in the future medulla forming medullary cords that will eventually be replaced by vascular stroma of ovarian medulla
- C.
  
  Tunica albuginea is a layer of elastic tissue that separates testis cords from surface epithelium
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of leydig form from sporadic mesenchyme cell groups in between testis cords. They produce testosterone allowing for differentiation of genital ducts and external genilia.
7.

During male development, testis cords near the hilum break up into rete testis (a network of tubules) and establish connection with mesonephric duct (aka Wolffian duct) via efferent ductules
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
8.

The dissociatioin of the primitive sex cords in females (due to the absense of testis determining factor) forms follicular cells that surround oogonia
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
9.

What statements are true?
- A.
  
  Mesonephric (Woliffian) ducts develop separately from the urinary system and develop only under the influence of testosterone
- B.
  
  Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts are longitudinal invagination of epithelium on anterolateral surgace of urogenital ridge.
- C.
  
  The paramesonephric ducts degenerate in females under the influence of MIS released by Sertoli cells
- D.
  
  The Mullerian ducts develop to the duct system in females
10.

The paramesonephric ducts completely degenerate in males due to MIS released by Sertoli cells
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
11.

The myometrium and perimetrium develop from surrounding ____ mesoderm
12.

What is not true regarding the paramesonephric ducts in females?
- A.
  
  They fuse caudally to form the endometrial lining of the uterus
- B.
  
  Cranially, the ducts remain separate to form uterine tubes
- C.
  
  They migrate and fuse medially after grabbing a transverse fold of mesoderm (future peritoneum) forming the broad ligament of the uterus
- D.
  
  They fuse anteriorly to form the myometrium and perimetrium of the uterus
13.

In males, testis cords remain open until puberty
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
14.

Define bicornuate uterus:
- A.
  
  Failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse resulting in formation of 2 horns of uterus in a common vagina
- B.
  
  Failure of fusion of parameonephric ducts and sinovaginal bulbs
- C.
  
  Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or a vaginal plate to canalize
15.

How would a double uterus and vagina develop?
- A.
  
  Failure of parameonephric ducts to fuse resulting in formation of 2 horns of uterus in a common vagina
- B.
  
  Failure of fusion of paramesonephric ducts and sinovaginal bulbs
- C.
  
  Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or vaginal plate to canalize
16.

Vaginal atresia is a result of
- A.
  
  Failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse resulting in formation of 2 horns of uterus in a common vagina.
- B.
  
  Failure of fusion of paramesonephric ducts and sinovaginal bulbs
- C.
  
  Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or vaginal plate to canalize
17.

Regarding the development of the vagina....
- A.
  
  Cranial part develops from the most cranial part of fused paramesonephric tubules that canalize forming vaginal fornices & upper 1/3 of vagina
- B.
  
  Caudal part develops from sino-vaginal bulbs
- C.
  
  The sino vaginal bulbs fuse to form a solid vaginal plate that canalizes forming lower 2/3 of vagina
- D.
  
  The most distal part of the vaginal tube is enclosed by a single layer membrane (hymen) that has small holes for passage of vaginal secretions and menstruation
18.

The mesonephric ducts in females degenerate and their remnants form the epoophoron and paroophoron of the broad ligament and Gartner's glands
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
19.

The persistance of processus vaginalis results in an ___ ___ ___
20.

Define congenital hydrocele
- A.
  
  Persistence of connection between processus vaginalis cavity & scrotal sac
- B.
  
  Partial persistence of a cystic cavity during obliteration of processus vaginalis
- C.
  
  ↓ ↓ testosterone causes failure of one or both testicles to descend in the scrotum with failure to produce mature sperms
21.

Androgens secreted by testes....
- A.
  
  Causes the slow growth of urethral folds
- B.
  
  Slows down the growth of genital tubercle
- C.
  
  Causes rapid elongation of genital tubercle (phallus)
22.

In females...
- A.
  
  Estrogen release slows down the growth of genital tubercle resulting in the formation of clitoris (solid structure)
- B.
  
  Urethral folds also undergo very slow growth & stay separated from each other resulting in formation of labia minora surrounding vestibule (urogenital groove)
- C.
  
  Urethra is derived from only one part (membranous urethra only ). It is short & wide.
- D.
  
  Genital swellings undergo rapid growth and stay separated and in place from the labia majora
23.

In males....
- A.
  
  Growing phallus pulls urethral folds forward with it leading to formation of lateral walls of the urethral groove
- B.
  
  The urethra is derived from only one part
- C.
  
  Epithelial cells over glans penis proliferate & invade inward to form solid external urethral meatus that canalizes & becomes continuous with penile urethra
- D.
  
  Prostatic & membranous parts of the urethra arise from the pelvic part of urogenital sinus
- E.
  
  Penile part of urethra arises from epithelial proliferation
- F.
  
  Glandular parts: arises from urethral folds
24.

Define hypospadias
- A.
  
  Incomplete fusion of urethral folds leading to abnormal opening(s) along the inferior aspect of shaft of the penis
- B.
  
  Too far caudal genital tubercle causes opening on the dorsum of the penis with exposure of the urethra
- C.
  
  Failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse resulting in formation of 2 horns of uterus in a common vagina.
- D.
  
  Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or vaginal plate to canalize
25.

Define Epispadias
- A.
  
  Incomplete fusion of urethral folds leading to abnormal opening(s) along the inferior aspect of shaft of the penis
- B.
  
  Too far caudal genital tubercle causes opening on the dorsum of the penis with exposure of the urethra
- C.
  
  Failure of sinovaginal bulb to develop or vaginal plate to canalize