Anatomy II Test 2 Part 1

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    Elderly individuals usually have

    • Stiff inelastic arteries
    • Increased blood pressure
    • Reduced hematocrits
    • Decreased cardiac reserve
    • All of the above
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About This Quiz

You may have gotten past the last test, but it’s time to up the ante as we look at some more questions related to the human anatomy. Have you learned everything about blood vessels, tissue cells, blood pressure and more? Let’s take a look in this Anatomy II Test 2 Part 1 quiz!

Cardiovascular System Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, except

    • Lymphoid nodules.

    • The spleen.

    • The brain.

    • The thymus

    • Lymph node organs.

    Correct Answer
    A. The brain.
    Explanation
    Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system. They are produced and stored in various organs, including lymphoid nodules, the spleen, the thymus, and lymph node organs. However, the brain is not a site for the production and storage of lymphocytes. The brain is primarily responsible for neurological functions and does not have a significant role in the immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is the brain.

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  • 3. 

    ____are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

    • Dentins.

    • Canines.

    • Molars.

    • Eye teeth.

    • Cuspids.

    Correct Answer
    A. Molars.
    Explanation
    Molars are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are specifically adapted for crushing and grinding food. This makes them well-suited for the process of chewing and breaking down food into smaller particles, facilitating digestion. Canines, on the other hand, have pointed crowns and are designed for tearing and ripping. Dentins, eye teeth, and cuspids are not specific types of teeth, but rather refer to different aspects or components of teeth.

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  • 4. 

    The lymphiod system is composed of all of the following except

    • Lymph

    • The venae cavae

    • Lymphatic vessels

    • Lyph nodes

    • The spleen

    Correct Answer
    A. The venae cavae
    Explanation
    The venae cavae are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. They are not part of the lymphoid system, which is responsible for the production and transportation of lymphocytes and lymph fluid. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and the spleen, all of which play important roles in immune function and the filtration of lymph fluid.

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  • 5. 

    Nonspecific defenses include

    • Inflammation.

    • Interferons.

    • Phagocytic cells.

    • Physical barriers.

    • All of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "all of the above." Nonspecific defenses refer to the body's general immune responses that are not specifically targeted towards a particular pathogen. Inflammation is a response to tissue damage or infection, interferons are proteins that help to inhibit the spread of viruses, phagocytic cells are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens, and physical barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes act as the first line of defense against pathogens. Therefore, all of these options are examples of nonspecific defenses.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

    • Quadriplegia

    • Stroke

    • Pulmonary embolism

    • Myocardial infarction

    • Hypotension

    Correct Answer
    A. Stroke
    Explanation
    An aneurysm in a brain artery is most likely to result in a stroke. An aneurysm is a weakened and bulging area in the wall of an artery, and if it ruptures in the brain, it can cause bleeding and interrupt the blood flow to certain areas, leading to a stroke. A stroke occurs when there is a blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain, causing a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the brain cells, resulting in damage or death of those cells. This can lead to various neurological symptoms depending on the affected area of the brain.

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  • 7. 

    The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are

    • Terminal bronchioles.

    • Alveoli.

    • Pleural spaces.

    • Bronchioloes.

    • Interlobular septa.

    Correct Answer
    A. Alveoli.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. They are the main sites of gas exchange in the respiratory system, where oxygen from the inhaled air enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide, a waste product, is removed from the body. The alveoli have thin walls and a large surface area, allowing for efficient exchange of gases between the air and the blood.

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  • 8. 

    Factors that increase the rish of artherosclerosis include which of the following?

    • Smoking

    • Lack of exercies

    • Obesity

    • High cholesterol

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the listed factors, smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, and high cholesterol, increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Smoking damages blood vessels and promotes the formation of plaque. Lack of exercise contributes to weight gain and high cholesterol levels, both of which are risk factors for atherosclerosis. Obesity increases the strain on the heart and can lead to high blood pressure and cholesterol levels. High cholesterol levels are a direct risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, all of these factors combined significantly increase the risk of atherosclerosis.

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  • 9. 

    After losing 25 percent of blood volume in a motorcycle accident which of the following compensatory responses would occur?

    • Vasoconstricion of the body wall

    • Increase of contractility

    • Venoconstriction of skin vessels

    • Increased heart rate

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    After losing 25 percent of blood volume in a motorcycle accident, the body would initiate compensatory responses to maintain blood pressure and perfusion. Vasoconstriction of the body wall would occur to redirect blood flow to vital organs. Increase of contractility would help the heart pump blood more forcefully. Venoconstriction of skin vessels would reduce blood flow to the skin and redirect it to more important areas. Increased heart rate would also help maintain cardiac output. Therefore, all of the above responses would occur to compensate for the blood loss.

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  • 10. 

    Blood pressure is highest here.

    • Artery

    • Vein

    • Capillary

    • Venule

    • Areriole

    Correct Answer
    A. Artery
    Explanation
    Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They have thick, muscular walls that can withstand the high pressure generated by the heart's pumping action. This allows arteries to maintain a high blood pressure, making them the correct answer for the location where blood pressure is highest. Veins, capillaries, venules, and arterioles have lower blood pressure compared to arteries.

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  • 11. 

    The vessel that recievs blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the

    • Coronary sinus

    • External juglar vein

    • Internal jugular vein

    • Superior vena cava

    • Inferior vena cava

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior vena cava
    Explanation
    The superior vena cava is the vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms. It is the largest vein in the body and carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart. The other options listed, such as the coronary sinus, external jugular vein, internal jugular vein, and inferior vena cava, are not responsible for receiving blood from these specific areas of the body.

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  • 12. 

    The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

    • Tunica media

    • Tunica adventitia

    • Tunica intima

    • Tunica externa

    • Tunica interna

    Correct Answer
    A. Tunica media
    Explanation
    The correct answer is tunica media. The tunica media is the middle layer of a blood vessel and is composed of smooth muscle cells. It is responsible for regulating the diameter of the blood vessel, which in turn controls blood flow and blood pressure. The tunica adventitia is the outermost layer, providing structural support to the blood vessel. The tunica intima is the innermost layer, consisting of endothelial cells that line the vessel. The tunica externa and tunica interna are not anatomical terms used to describe the layers of a blood vessel.

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  • 13. 

    Compared to arteries, veins

    • Have a pleated endothelium

    • Are more elastic

    • Have thinner walls

    • Hold their shape when cut

    • Have more smooth muscle in their tunica media

    Correct Answer
    A. Have thinner walls
    Explanation
    Veins have thinner walls compared to arteries. This is because veins do not experience the same high pressure as arteries, so they do not need to be as strong or thick. Veins are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart, and their thinner walls allow for easier blood flow and less resistance. In contrast, arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure, so they have thicker and more muscular walls to withstand the force of the blood being pumped.

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  • 14. 

    The crown of the tooth is covered by

    • Pulp

    • Dentin

    • Periodontium

    • Cementum

    • Enamel

    Correct Answer
    A. Enamel
    Explanation
    The crown of the tooth is covered by enamel, which is the hardest substance in the human body. Enamel protects the underlying layers of the tooth, such as dentin and pulp, from damage and decay. It is a translucent, mineralized substance that forms a strong outer layer on the tooth's surface. Enamel is highly resistant to acid and bacterial attacks, making it crucial for maintaining the integrity of the tooth structure.

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  • 15. 

    The vocal folds are located within the

    • Nasopharynx.

    • Trachea.

    • Oropharynx.

    • Larynx.

    • Bronchi.

    Correct Answer
    A. Larynx.
    Explanation
    The vocal folds are located within the larynx. The larynx, commonly known as the voice box, is a part of the respiratory system situated in the neck region. It houses the vocal cords, which are two folds of mucous membrane that vibrate to produce sound when air passes through them. The other options, such as the nasopharynx, trachea, oropharynx, and bronchi, are not the correct locations for the vocal folds.

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  • 16. 

    The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

    • Thyroid cartilage.

    • Corniculate cartilage.

    • Cricoid cartilage.

    • Cuneiform cartilage.

    • Epiglottis.

    Correct Answer
    A. Epiglottis.
    Explanation
    During swallowing, the epiglottis covers the opening to the larynx to prevent food or liquid from entering the airway. The other cartilages listed do not have this specific function. The thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage in the larynx and helps protect the vocal cords. The corniculate cartilages are small and assist with closing the larynx during swallowing. The cricoid cartilage is a ring-shaped cartilage that helps maintain the structure of the larynx. The cuneiform cartilages are small and provide support to the vocal folds.

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  • 17. 

    The ring-shaped cartialge just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the _____cartilage.

    • Cuneiform.

    • Epiglottis.

    • Arytenoid.

    • Cricoid.

    • Corniculate.

    Correct Answer
    A. Cricoid.
    Explanation
    The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is known as the cricoid cartilage. It is the only cartilage in the given options that is located just below the thyroid cartilage. The cuneiform, epiglottis, arytenoid, and corniculate cartilages are all located in different areas of the larynx and are not directly inferior to the thyroid cartilage. Therefore, the correct answer is cricoid.

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  • 18. 

    The _____ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta

    • Diaphragm

    • Peritoneum

    • Mediastinum

    • Pleura

    • Pericardium

    Correct Answer
    A. Diaphragm
    Explanation
    The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It plays a crucial role in respiration by contracting and relaxing to allow for the expansion and contraction of the lungs. In addition to its respiratory function, the diaphragm also acts as a barrier between the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta, effectively dividing the aorta into two sections. This division is important for the proper functioning of the circulatory system and the distribution of oxygenated blood throughout the body.

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  • 19. 

    The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

    • Body

    • Cardia

    • Pylorus

    • Antrum

    • Fundus

    Correct Answer
    A. Pylorus
    Explanation
    The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is called the pylorus. The pylorus is the narrowest part of the stomach and acts as a valve to regulate the flow of partially digested food from the stomach into the small intestine. It controls the rate at which food leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum for further digestion and absorption. The pylorus also helps prevent the backflow of intestinal contents into the stomach.

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  • 20. 

    Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons?

    • Secrete free radicals.

    • Secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis.

    • Secrete mutant proteins.

    • Secrete organtic solvent.

    • Secrete strong acid.

    Correct Answer
    A. Secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis.
    Explanation
    Cytotoxic T cells are a type of immune cells that can recognize and eliminate infected or abnormal cells in the body. They do so by releasing various chemical weapons to attack the target cells. One of the weapons they use is secreting a cytokine that triggers apoptosis, which is a programmed cell death. This process helps to eliminate the infected or abnormal cells and prevent the spread of the infection. It is an important mechanism in the immune response against pathogens and cancer cells.

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  • 21. 

    Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents if the digestive tract are called

    • Peristalsis.

    • Pendular movenets.

    • Mastication.

    • Segmentation.

    • Churning movements.

    Correct Answer
    A. Peristalsis.
    Explanation
    Peristalsis refers to the waves of muscular contractions that help move the contents of the digestive tract forward. These contractions occur in a coordinated manner, pushing the food and other materials through the digestive system. Pendular movements refer to a different type of motion in the digestive tract, where the contents move back and forth. Mastication refers to the process of chewing food, while segmentation refers to the mixing and breaking down of food in the intestines. Churning movements typically refer to the actions of the stomach in mixing and breaking down food.

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  • 22. 

    An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ____ artery

    • Azygos

    • Mental

    • External carotid

    • Internal carotid

    • Maxillary

    Correct Answer
    A. Internal carotid
    Explanation
    The internal carotid artery is an important artery that supplies blood to the brain. It is one of the two main branches of the common carotid artery. The internal carotid artery enters the skull through the carotid canal and provides blood supply to the brain, including the cerebrum and the eyes. It is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the brain, making it a crucial artery for brain function.

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  • 23. 

    After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ____ artery.

    • Ulnar

    • Brachial

    • Radial

    • Digital

    • Subclavin

    Correct Answer
    A. Brachial
    Explanation
    After entering the arm, the axillary artery continues its course and becomes the brachial artery. This transition occurs in the upper arm region. The brachial artery is responsible for supplying blood to the muscles of the upper arm and elbow joint. It also gives rise to several branches that supply blood to the forearm and hand.

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  • 24. 

    The pylorus empties into the

    • Jejunum.

    • Cecum.

    • Duodenum.

    • Colon.

    • Ileum.

    Correct Answer
    A. Duodenum.
    Explanation
    The pylorus is a muscular valve that separates the stomach from the small intestine. It controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach into the small intestine. The correct answer is duodenum because the pylorus empties into the first part of the small intestine, which is called the duodenum.

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  • 25. 

    Lymphocyte production involves

    • Bone marrow.

    • Peripheral lymphoid tissues.

    • Thymus tissue.

    • All of the above

    • A and B only

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "all of the above." Lymphocyte production involves the bone marrow, peripheral lymphoid tissues, and thymus tissue. The bone marrow is responsible for the production of B cells, while the peripheral lymphoid tissues, such as the lymph nodes and spleen, produce mature lymphocytes. The thymus is involved in the development and maturation of T cells. Therefore, all three options are correct as they are all involved in lymphocyte production.

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  • 26. 

    Digestion refers to the

    • Chemical breakdown of food.

    • Progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.

    • Mechanical breakdown of food.

    • B and C only.

    • A.B.and C.

    Correct Answer
    A. A.B.and C.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is A, B, and C because digestion refers to the chemical breakdown of food, as well as the progressive dehydration of indigestible residue and the mechanical breakdown of food. All three processes are involved in the overall process of digestion.

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  • 27. 

    Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

    • Upper respiratory tract.

    • Lower respiratory tract.

    • Alveoli.

    • Bronchioles.

    • Lungs.

    Correct Answer
    A. Upper respiratory tract.
    Explanation
    The upper respiratory tract is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying the air that enters the body. It includes the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx. These structures have specialized cells and mucus-producing glands that help trap and remove particles, as well as moisten and warm the air. The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, where gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. While the lower respiratory tract is involved in gas exchange, it does not perform the functions of filtering, warming, and humidifying the air.

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  • 28. 

    Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentracted in the

    • Red marrow.

    • Circulation.

    • Yellow marrow.

    • Spleen.

    • Thymus.

    Correct Answer
    A. Red marrow.
    Explanation
    Red marrow is the correct answer because it is the site where hematopoietic stem cells are located. These stem cells have the ability to differentiate and give rise to all types of blood cells, including lymphocytes. The red marrow is responsible for the production of new blood cells, including lymphocytes, which play a crucial role in the immune system. The other options, such as circulation, yellow marrow, spleen, and thymus, are not the primary sites where lymphocytes are produced or concentrated.

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  • 29. 

    Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

    • Vasa vasorum

    • Sinuses

    • Discontinuous capillaries

    • Fenestrated capillaries

    • Perforated capillaries

    Correct Answer
    A. Fenestrated capillaries
    Explanation
    Fenestrated capillaries are capillaries with small pores or openings in their lining, allowing for the exchange of small molecules and fluids between the blood and surrounding tissues. These capillaries are found in organs that require rapid exchange of substances, such as the kidneys, endocrine glands, and intestines. The term "perforated capillaries" is not commonly used in the scientific literature to describe this type of capillary, making it an incorrect option. Vasa vasorum refers to the small blood vessels that supply nutrients to the walls of larger blood vessels, sinuses are large open spaces, and discontinuous capillaries are a less specific term that could refer to various types of capillaries with interrupted linings.

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  • 30. 

    Which of the following muscles might be recruited ti increase inspired volume?

    • Sternocleidomastoid

    • Serratus anterior

    • Scalenes

    • Pectoralis minor

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the muscles listed (sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, scalenes, pectoralis minor) can be recruited to increase inspired volume. These muscles are involved in the process of inhalation and can help expand the chest cavity, allowing for more air to enter the lungs. By contracting and pulling on various structures, these muscles contribute to increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity, creating a pressure gradient that allows air to flow into the lungs. Therefore, all of these muscles can be recruited to increase inspired volume.

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  • 31. 

    The portion of the samll intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

    • Haustrum.

    • Duodenum.

    • Jejunum.

    • Appendix.

    • Ileum.

    Correct Answer
    A. Ileum.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is ileum. The ileum is the portion of the small intestine that connects to the cecum, which is the first part of the large intestine. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, while the jejunum is the middle part. The appendix is a small pouch-like structure attached to the cecum, but it is not part of the small intestine. The haustrum refers to the pouches or sacs that form in the large intestine, not the small intestine. Therefore, the ileum is the correct answer as it is the specific part of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum.

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  • 32. 

    The brachial artery branches to form the radical and _____ arteries.

    • Digital

    • Brachiocephalic

    • Ulnar

    • Axillary

    • Subclavin

    Correct Answer
    A. Ulnar
    Explanation
    The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ulnar arteries. The radial artery runs along the thumb side of the forearm, while the ulnar artery runs along the pinky side. These arteries supply blood to the forearm and hand.

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  • 33. 

    Materials can move across capillary walls by

    • Reabsorbtion

    • Filtraton

    • Diffusion

    • All of the above

    • A and b only

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Materials can move across capillary walls by reabsorption, filtration, and diffusion. Reabsorption refers to the movement of substances from the capillaries back into the bloodstream. Filtration is the process by which substances are forced out of the capillaries and into the surrounding tissues. Diffusion involves the passive movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Therefore, all of the above options are correct in terms of materials moving across capillary walls.

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  • 34. 

    As blood travels from arteries to veins

    • Pressure builds

    • Pressure drops

    • Diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller

    • Flow becomes turbulent

    • Viscosity increases

    Correct Answer
    A. Pressure drops
    Explanation
    As blood travels from arteries to veins, the pressure drops. This is because arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure, while veins carry blood back to the heart at lower pressure. The drop in pressure allows the blood to flow smoothly and efficiently through the veins. Additionally, the diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller, which also contributes to the decrease in pressure.

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  • 35. 

    Branches off the aortic arch include the

    • Left subclavin artery

    • Brachiocephalic trunk

    • Left comman carotid artery

    • All of the above

    • B and c only

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The branches off the aortic arch include the left subclavin artery, brachiocephalic trunk, and left common carotid artery. These arteries supply blood to different parts of the body. The left subclavin artery supplies blood to the left arm, the brachiocephalic trunk supplies blood to the right arm, head, and neck, and the left common carotid artery supplies blood to the left side of the head and neck. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

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  • 36. 

    When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ______ vein.

    • Deep formal

    • Femoral

    • Interal iliac

    • Lumbar

    • External iliac

    Correct Answer
    A. Femoral
    Explanation
    When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the femoral vein. This is because the popliteal vein is located behind the knee and runs through the popliteal fossa. As it continues its course upwards, it passes through the adductor canal and enters the thigh. At this point, it is referred to as the femoral vein. The femoral vein is a major blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities back to the heart.

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  • 37. 

    Newborns gain their immunity initially from

    • Early immunizations

    • Contact with siblings

    • Antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother

    • Contact with virus and bacteria

    • Breast milk

    Correct Answer
    A. Antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother
    Explanation
    Newborns gain their immunity initially from antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother. During pregnancy, the mother's immune system produces antibodies that are transferred to the fetus through the placenta. These antibodies provide passive immunity to the newborn, protecting them from certain infections and diseases until their own immune system develops. This transfer of antibodies is an important mechanism that helps newborns build their initial immunity and provides them with some level of protection against various pathogens.

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  • 38. 

    Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by

    • Immunological surveillance

    • Fever

    • Nonspecific immunity

    • Specific immunity

    • Skin defenses

    Correct Answer
    A. Specific immunity
    Explanation
    Specific immunity refers to the body's ability to recognize and respond to specific pathogens. It involves the production of antibodies and the activation of immune cells that are specifically targeted against a particular pathogen. This type of immunity provides a targeted and long-lasting defense against specific pathogens, allowing the body to mount a stronger and more effective immune response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen. In contrast, nonspecific immunity provides a general defense against a wide range of pathogens, while immunological surveillance refers to the constant monitoring of the body for the presence of abnormal or foreign cells. Fever and skin defenses are also important components of the body's defense against pathogens, but they do not specifically target and eliminate particular pathogens.

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  • 39. 

    The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and foods is the

    • Aeropharynx.

    • Oropharynx.

    • Laryngopharynx.

    • Nasopharynx.

    • Internal pharynx.

    Correct Answer
    A. Oropharynx.
    Explanation
    The oropharynx is the portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food. It is located behind the oral cavity and extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis. It serves as a passage for both the respiratory and digestive systems, allowing air to pass through during breathing and food to pass through during swallowing. The other options, such as the aeropharynx, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, and internal pharynx, do not accurately describe the portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food.

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  • 40. 

    The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

    • Arterioles

    • Capillaries

    • Venules

    • Arteries

    • Veins

    Correct Answer
    A. Veins
    Explanation
    Veins are the correct answer because they are the large vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arterioles are smaller vessels that branch out from arteries and lead to capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products occurs. Venules are small vessels that receive blood from capillaries and lead to veins. Arteries, on the other hand, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

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  • 41. 

    The binding of antigen to antibody can result in

    • Complement activation and opsonization

    • Neutruliazation of the antigen

    • Agglutination of precipitation

    • All of the above

    • A and b only

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The binding of antigen to antibody can result in complement activation and opsonization, which involves the recruitment of immune cells to destroy the antigen. It can also lead to neutralization of the antigen, where the antibody prevents the antigen from causing harm. Additionally, the binding can result in agglutination or precipitation, which involves the clumping of antigens together for easier recognition and elimination. Therefore, all of the given options (complement activation and opsonization, neutralization of the antigen, agglutination or precipitation) can occur when antigen binds to antibody.

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  • 42. 

    Which of the following organs is not part of tghe lower respiratory system?

    • Bronchi

    • Alveoli

    • Trachea

    • Larynx

    • Oropharynx

    Correct Answer
    A. Oropharynx
    Explanation
    The oropharynx is not part of the lower respiratory system. The lower respiratory system consists of the organs involved in the process of breathing, such as the bronchi, alveoli, trachea, and larynx. The oropharynx, on the other hand, is part of the upper respiratory system, which includes the mouth, nose, and throat. It plays a role in both digestion and respiration, as it serves as a passage for both food and air.

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  • 43. 

    The opening to the nostrils are the

    • Nasal apertures.

    • External nares.

    • Vestibules.

    • Internal nares

    • Conchae.

    Correct Answer
    A. External nares.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "external nares." The opening to the nostrils is referred to as the external nares. These are the visible openings on the outside of the nose that allow for the entry and exit of air. The other options mentioned, such as nasal apertures, vestibules, internal nares, and conchae, are not the correct terms for the openings to the nostrils.

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  • 44. 

    The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ______ pressure.

    • Critical closing

    • Circulatory

    • Mean arterial

    • Pulse

    • Blood

    Correct Answer
    A. Pulse
    Explanation
    The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the pulse pressure. This is the numerical value obtained by subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure. It represents the force exerted by the heart with each contraction and is an important indicator of cardiovascular health.

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  • 45. 

    Turbulent blood flow occurs

    • A high flow rates

    • When there are irregularities in the vessel wall

    • When there are sudden changes in vessel diameter

    • A and c only

    • A b and c

    Correct Answer
    A. A b and c
    Explanation
    Turbulent blood flow can occur at high flow rates, when there are irregularities in the vessel wall, and when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter. These factors can disrupt the smooth flow of blood, causing it to become turbulent.

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  • 46. 

    Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus infected cells are __________ cells

    • Cytotoxic T

    • B

    • Helper T

    • Suppressor T

    • Plasma

    Correct Answer
    A. Cytotoxic T
    Explanation
    Cytotoxic T cells are lymphocytes that are responsible for destroying foreign cells or virus-infected cells. These cells play a crucial role in the immune response by identifying and eliminating infected or abnormal cells in the body. They do this by releasing toxic substances that induce cell death in the target cells. Cytotoxic T cells are a type of T lymphocyte and are a key component of the adaptive immune system.

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  • 47. 

    Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except

    • Groin.

    • Throat.

    • Periphery.

    • Renal arteries.

    • CNS.

    Correct Answer
    A. CNS.
    Explanation
    The lymphatic vessels are a part of the lymphatic system, which helps in maintaining fluid balance and immune function in the body. These vessels are found throughout the body, except in the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, which are protected by the blood-brain barrier and do not have a direct connection to the lymphatic system. Therefore, lymphatic vessels are not present in the CNS.

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  • 48. 

    Large airbone particles are filtered by

    • The soft palate.

    • Hairs in the nasal vestibule.

    • The nasal sinuses.

    • The nasopharynx.

    • Choanae.

    Correct Answer
    A. Hairs in the nasal vestibule.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "hairs in the nasal vestibule." The nasal vestibule is the area just inside the nostrils, and it is lined with small hairs called cilia. These cilia act as a filter, trapping large airborne particles such as dust, pollen, and bacteria, preventing them from entering further into the respiratory system. This helps to protect the lungs from potential harm and keeps the air we breathe cleaner.

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  • 49. 

    The nasal cavity is separarted from the oral cavity by the

    • Pharyngeal septum.

    • Hard palate.

    • Soft palate.

    • Cribriform plate.

    • Interanl nares.

    Correct Answer
    A. Hard palate.
    Explanation
    The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the hard palate. The hard palate is the bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth and separates the oral and nasal cavities. It is made up of the maxilla and palatine bones and is covered by a layer of mucous membrane. The hard palate plays an important role in speech production and helps to prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 11, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    Caitlinnorthcutt
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