Quiz On Back Muscles Anatomy
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Are you good at anatomy? Here is a quiz on back muscles anatomy for you. Back muscles extend from the bones of your neck (cervical vertebrae) to the part of your lower back (lumbar spine) and then to the base of your lumbar spine (sacrum) and tailbone (coccyx). Some back muscles are quite large and cover large areas, e. G., large areas of the trunk. Let's see whether your knowledge is enough about back muscles or not!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which back muscle’s origin is the fascia of the back?
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Latissimus dorsi
- C.
Rhomboid major
- D.
Levator Scapulae
Correct Answer
B. Latissimus dorsiExplanation
The correct answer is Latissimus dorsi. The origin of the Latissimus dorsi muscle is the fascia of the back. The muscle originates from the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, as well as the iliac crest and the lower ribs. It is a large muscle that extends from the lower back to the upper arm and is responsible for movements such as shoulder adduction, extension, and medial rotation.Rate this question:
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- 2.
How many layers of thoracolumbar fascia are there?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
C. 3Explanation
The thoracolumbar fascia is a deep fascia that covers the muscles of the lower back. It consists of three layers: anterior, middle, and posterior. These layers provide support and stability to the muscles and help transmit forces generated during movement. Each layer has different attachments and functions, contributing to the overall function of the thoracolumbar fascia. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which is NOT a flat bone:
- A.
Scapula
- B.
Clavicle
- C.
Sternum
- D.
Rib
Correct Answer
B. ClavicleExplanation
The clavicle is not a flat bone. It is a long bone that is part of the shoulder girdle. Flat bones are thin and flattened, such as the scapula, sternum, and ribs, which are all correctly identified in the question as flat bones.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following does the Scapula NOT have 3 of:
- A.
Angles
- B.
Sides
- C.
Fossa
- D.
Processes
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
The scapula does not have three of any of the mentioned structures. The scapula has two angles, namely the superior and inferior angles. It has two sides, the medial and lateral borders. It has two fossa, the supraspinous and infraspinous fossa. And it has three processes, namely the acromion process, coracoid process, and the spine of the scapula. Therefore, none of the above options are correct.Rate this question:
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- 5.
An accidental gunshot wound during a community hunting expedition tore through the nuchal ligament. Which of the following muscles was likely NOT injured.
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Rhomboid minor
- C.
Rhomboid major
- D.
Splenius
- E.
Serratus posterior superior
Correct Answer
C. Rhomboid majorExplanation
The nuchal ligament is located in the back of the neck and helps support the head and neck. The muscles listed are all located in the back and are involved in various movements of the shoulder and neck. The trapezius, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, and splenius muscles are all in close proximity to the nuchal ligament and could potentially be injured by a gunshot wound in that area. However, the serratus posterior superior muscle is located lower down on the back and is not directly associated with the nuchal ligament, making it less likely to be injured in this scenario.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The nuchae ligament is an extension of which ligament?
- A.
Supraspinous ligament
- B.
Interspinous ligament
- C.
Ligamentum flavum
- D.
Transverse ligament of the atlas
Correct Answer
A. Supraspinous ligamentExplanation
The nuchae ligament is an extension of the supraspinous ligament. This ligament runs along the tips of the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae, and it helps to support and stabilize the spine. The nuchae ligament specifically extends from the base of the skull to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Dorsal primary rami are larger than the ventral primary rami.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because ventral primary rami are actually larger than dorsal primary rami. The ventral primary rami supply nerves to the anterior and lateral parts of the body, including the limbs, while the dorsal primary rami supply nerves to the posterior parts of the body, such as the back. Therefore, the ventral primary rami are responsible for innervating a larger area of the body compared to the dorsal primary rami.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Dorsal primary rami supply the intrinsic back muscles.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The dorsal primary rami are branches of the spinal nerves that supply the muscles and skin of the back. They are responsible for innervating the intrinsic back muscles, which are the muscles located deep within the back. Therefore, it is true that the dorsal primary rami supply the intrinsic back muscles.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is made up of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?
- A.
Anterior Axio-appendicular muscles
- B.
Posterior Axio-appendicular muscles
- C.
Scapulohumeral muscles
- D.
Medial Axial muscles
Correct Answer
B. Posterior Axio-appendicular musclesExplanation
The posterior axio-appendicular muscles are made up of both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. The intrinsic muscles are located within the back and are responsible for movements of the spine and ribs. The extrinsic muscles are located outside of the back and connect the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton, allowing for movements of the shoulder girdle and upper limbs. Therefore, the posterior axio-appendicular muscles are a combination of both types of muscles.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which muscles are in layer 1 of the extrinsic back muscles?
- A.
Levator scapulae
- B.
Serratus Posterior Superior
- C.
Serratus Anterior
- D.
Rhomboid minor
- E.
Teres major
- F.
Latissimus Dorsi
- G.
Rhomboid major
- H.
Teres minor
- I.
Serratus Posterior Inferior
- J.
Trapezius
Correct Answer(s)
F. Latissimus Dorsi
J. TrapeziusExplanation
Layer 1 of the extrinsic back muscles includes the Latissimus Dorsi and Trapezius muscles. These muscles are located superficially in the back and play important roles in various movements of the shoulder and upper back. The Latissimus Dorsi muscle is responsible for adducting, extending, and internally rotating the arm, while the Trapezius muscle helps to stabilize and move the scapula. Both muscles are large and easily visible on the surface of the back.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which muscles are in layer 2 of the extrinsic back muscles?
- A.
Levator scapulae
- B.
Serratus Posterior Superior
- C.
Serratus Anterior
- D.
Rhomboid minor
- E.
Teres major
- F.
Latissimus Dorsi
- G.
Rhomboid major
- H.
Teres minor
- I.
Serratus Posterior Inferior
- J.
Trapezius
Correct Answer(s)
A. Levator scapulae
D. Rhomboid minor
G. Rhomboid majorExplanation
The muscles in layer 2 of the extrinsic back muscles include the Levator scapulae, Rhomboid minor, and Rhomboid major. These muscles are located deep to the Trapezius muscle and play a role in stabilizing and moving the scapula (shoulder blade).Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which muscles are in layer 3 of the extrinsic back muscles?
- A.
Levator scapulae
- B.
Serratus Posterior Superior
- C.
Serratus Anterior
- D.
Rhomboid minor
- E.
Teres major
- F.
Latissimus Dorsi
- G.
Rhomboid major
- H.
Teres minor
- I.
Serratus Posterior Inferior
- J.
Trapezius
Correct Answer(s)
B. Serratus Posterior Superior
I. Serratus Posterior InferiorExplanation
Layer 3 of the extrinsic back muscles includes the Serratus Posterior Superior and Serratus Posterior Inferior muscles. These muscles are located deep to the Trapezius muscle and play a role in stabilizing and moving the ribcage. The Serratus Posterior Superior muscle is responsible for elevating the ribs during inhalation, while the Serratus Posterior Inferior muscle aids in depressing the ribs during exhalation.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What is the innervation of Trapezius
- A.
Spinal Accessory
- B.
Thoracodorsal nerve
- C.
Axillary nerve
- D.
Dorsal Scapular nerve
Correct Answer
A. Spinal AccessoryExplanation
The innervation of the Trapezius muscle is provided by the Spinal Accessory nerve. This nerve originates from the spinal cord and travels to the Trapezius muscle, enabling it to receive motor signals and control its movement. The other options mentioned, such as the Thoracodorsal nerve, Axillary nerve, and Dorsal Scapular nerve, are not responsible for innervating the Trapezius muscle.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which muscle is important for overhead abduction?
- A.
Rhomboids
- B.
Deltoid
- C.
Trapezius
- D.
Latissimus Dorsi
Correct Answer
C. TrapeziusExplanation
The trapezius muscle is important for overhead abduction. This muscle is located in the upper back and neck region and is responsible for the movement of the shoulder blade. When the arm is lifted overhead, the trapezius muscle helps to stabilize and control the movement of the shoulder blade, allowing for smooth and controlled abduction of the arm.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which muscle is associated with the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery?
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Latissimus Dorsi
- C.
Rhomboids
- D.
Serratus Posterior muscles
Correct Answer
A. TrapeziusExplanation
The correct answer is Trapezius because the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery supplies blood to the trapezius muscle. This muscle is located in the upper back and is responsible for movements of the shoulder blade and neck.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which muscle is considered the swimming muscle?
- A.
Rhomboids
- B.
Deltoid
- C.
Trapezius
- D.
Latissimus Dorsi
Correct Answer
D. Latissimus DorsiExplanation
The Latissimus Dorsi muscle is considered the swimming muscle because it is the largest muscle in the back and plays a crucial role in swimming movements. It is responsible for the pulling motion of the arms during swimming strokes, providing power and propulsion in the water. The Latissimus Dorsi muscle is particularly important in freestyle and butterfly strokes, where strong and coordinated movements of the arms are required for efficient swimming.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is not involved in the triangle of auscultation?
- A.
Scapula border
- B.
Trapezius
- C.
Latissimus Dorsi
- D.
Internal Oblique muscle
Correct Answer
D. Internal Oblique muscleExplanation
The triangle of auscultation is an area on the back where lung sounds can be heard more clearly. It is bounded by the trapezius muscle, the latissimus dorsi muscle, and the scapula border. The internal oblique muscle is not involved in this triangle, as it is located on the anterior abdominal wall and not on the back.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What is the clinical importance of the lumbar triangle?
- A.
You can hear breathing sounds.
- B.
Hernias
- C.
Important vessels pass through.
- D.
It is a bare area where the heart is vulnerable.
Correct Answer
B. HerniasExplanation
The lumbar triangle is clinically important because it is a common site for hernias to occur. Hernias are a condition where an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. In the case of the lumbar triangle, hernias can occur due to the weakness of the posterior abdominal wall. This can lead to symptoms such as pain, swelling, and a bulge in the lower back or flank area. Therefore, understanding the clinical importance of the lumbar triangle is crucial for diagnosing and treating hernias in this region.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which muscle is a border for 2 important triangles?
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Latissimus Dorsi
- C.
Rhomboid Major
- D.
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Correct Answer
B. Latissimus DorsiExplanation
The latissimus dorsi muscle is a border for two important triangles: the posterior triangle and the quadrangular space. The posterior triangle is formed by the trapezius muscle superiorly, the clavicle anteriorly, and the latissimus dorsi muscle posteriorly. The quadrangular space is formed by the teres major muscle superiorly, the long head of the triceps brachii muscle inferiorly, the surgical neck of the humerus laterally, and the teres minor muscle medially, with the latissimus dorsi muscle forming its posterior border.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve?
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Latissimus Dorsi
- C.
Rhomboids
- D.
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Correct Answer
B. Latissimus DorsiExplanation
The latissimus dorsi muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve. The thoracodorsal nerve arises from the brachial plexus and supplies motor innervation to the latissimus dorsi muscle. This muscle is responsible for various movements of the shoulder joint, including adduction, extension, and medial rotation.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which muscle is considered a push up muscle?
- A.
Levator Scapulae
- B.
Deltoids
- C.
Trepezius
- D.
Rhomboid Major
Correct Answer
D. Rhomboid MajorExplanation
The Rhomboid Major muscle is considered a push-up muscle because it is responsible for retracting and stabilizing the scapulae, which is necessary for proper form and execution of a push-up. This muscle helps to pull the shoulder blades together, allowing for a stronger and more controlled push-up movement.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which muscle is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Latissimus Dorsi
- C.
Levator Scapulae
- D.
Serratus posterior superior
Correct Answer
C. Levator ScapulaeExplanation
The correct answer is Levator Scapulae. The levator scapulae muscle is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve. This nerve originates from the brachial plexus and provides motor innervation to the levator scapulae muscle, which is responsible for elevating the scapula. The other muscles listed, such as the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and serratus posterior superior, are not innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which artery supplies the serratus posterior muscles?
- A.
Superficial branch of transverse cervical artery
- B.
Deep branch of transverse cervical artery
- C.
Thoracodorsal artery
- D.
Intercostal arteries
Correct Answer
D. Intercostal arteriesExplanation
The intercostal arteries supply the serratus posterior muscles. These arteries run along the spaces between the ribs and provide blood to the muscles and tissues in this region. The superficial and deep branches of the transverse cervical artery do not specifically supply the serratus posterior muscles. The thoracodorsal artery supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle, not the serratus posterior muscles.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which muscles play an important role in inspiration?
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Latissimus Dorsi
- C.
Rhomboids
- D.
Serratus Posterior muscles
Correct Answer
D. Serratus Posterior musclesExplanation
The serratus posterior muscles play an important role in inspiration. These muscles are located on the back and help to elevate the ribs during inhalation. When the serratus posterior muscles contract, they assist in expanding the chest cavity, allowing for the intake of air into the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following is a function of the Serratus Posterior muscles?
- A.
Increasing vertical diameter of the thoracic cage
- B.
Increasing horizontal diameter of the thoracic cage
- C.
Swimming muscle
- D.
Help with push ups
Correct Answer
A. Increasing vertical diameter of the thoracic cageExplanation
The Serratus Posterior muscles are responsible for increasing the vertical diameter of the thoracic cage. These muscles are located on the back and play a role in expanding the ribcage during inhalation, allowing for increased lung capacity. They work in conjunction with other muscles involved in respiration to facilitate efficient breathing.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following are innervated by Dorsal primary rami?
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Latissimus Dorsi
- C.
Rhomboids
- D.
Serratus Posterior Muscles
- E.
SpinoTransversalis
- F.
Sacrospinalis
- G.
Transversospinalis
- H.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer(s)
E. SpinoTransversalis
F. Sacrospinalis
G. Transversospinalis
H. Kinesiology monitors -
- 27.
Which group does Splenius capitis belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer
A. Spinotransversalis -
- 28.
Which group does Splenius capitis belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer
A. SpinotransversalisExplanation
Splenius capitis belongs to the group Spinotransversalis.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which group does Iliocostalis belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer
B. SacrospinalisExplanation
Iliocostalis belongs to the group Sacrospinalis.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which group does Longissimus belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer
B. SacrospinalisExplanation
Longissimus belongs to the group Sacrospinalis. This is evident from the fact that the other options, Spinotransversalis, Transversospinalis, and Kinesiology monitors, do not refer to any muscle group. Sacrospinalis, on the other hand, is a group of muscles located in the back that includes the Longissimus muscle.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which group does Spinalis belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer
B. SacrospinalisExplanation
Spinalis belongs to the group called Sacrospinalis.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which group do the Semispinalis muscles belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer
C. TransversospinalisExplanation
The Semispinalis muscles belong to the Transversospinalis group.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which group does the Rotatores belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer
C. TransversospinalisExplanation
The Rotatores belong to the group Transversospinalis.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which group does Multifidus belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer
C. TransversospinalisExplanation
Multifidus belongs to the group Transversospinalis. This group consists of a set of deep muscles located in the back that run along the spine. Multifidus specifically plays a role in stabilizing and supporting the spine, helping to maintain proper posture and movement.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Where does multifidus attach?
- A.
Articular process
- B.
Transverse process
- C.
Accessory process
- D.
Mammilary process
Correct Answer
D. Mammilary processExplanation
The multifidus muscle attaches to the mammillary process. The mammillary process is a small bony projection on the posterior aspect of each of the lumbar vertebrae. The multifidus muscle is a deep muscle of the back that helps stabilize and extend the spine. By attaching to the mammillary process, the multifidus muscle contributes to the overall stability and movement of the lumbar spine.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which group does interspinalis belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitor
Correct Answer
D. Kinesiology monitor -
- 37.
Which group does intertransversarii belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer
D. Kinesiology monitors -
- 38.
Which group does levator costae belong to?
- A.
Spinotransversalis
- B.
Sacrospinalis
- C.
Transversospinalis
- D.
Kinesiology monitors
Correct Answer
D. Kinesiology monitors -
- 39.
A stab wound in the back during a gang war left a first year undergraduate with inability to raise his arms above his shoulder, what nerve(s) have been damaged?
- A.
Dorsal scapular and Spinal accessory
- B.
Dorsal scapular and Long thoracic
- C.
Spinal accessory and long thoracic
- D.
Spinal accessory and suprascapular
Correct Answer
C. Spinal accessory and long thoracicExplanation
The spinal accessory nerve and the long thoracic nerve have been damaged. The spinal accessory nerve controls the movement of the trapezius muscle, which is responsible for raising the arms above the shoulder. The long thoracic nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle, which also assists in raising the arms. Therefore, damage to both of these nerves would result in the inability to raise the arms above the shoulder.Rate this question:
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- 40.
A pilot who lost the function of his parachute was lucky to come on with only a fall on his back with crush injury of some muscles of the back and dorsal primary rami: Which of those injured muscles are innervated by these nerves
- A.
Splenius
- B.
Iliocostalis
- C.
Semispinalis
- D.
Levator costae
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the muscles mentioned (Splenius, Iliocostalis, Semispinalis, Levator costae) are innervated by the dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves. The dorsal primary rami are responsible for supplying the deep muscles of the back, including these muscles. Therefore, it is likely that all of these muscles would be affected by the crush injury, as they are innervated by the same nerves.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which nerve supplies the sub occipital region?
- A.
Ventral primary rami
- B.
Sub-occipital nerve
- C.
Spinal accessory
- D.
Dorsal scapular nerve
Correct Answer
B. Sub-occipital nerveExplanation
The sub-occipital region is supplied by the sub-occipital nerve. This nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles located at the base of the skull, including the rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, and obliquus capitis superior muscles. It plays a role in controlling head movements and providing sensory information from this region. The other options mentioned, such as the ventral primary rami, spinal accessory, and dorsal scapular nerve, are not specifically associated with the sub-occipital region.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which is NOT involved in the suboccipital triangle?
- A.
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
- B.
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
- C.
Obliquus Capitus Superior
- D.
Obliquus Capitus Inferior
Correct Answer
B. Rectus Capitus Posterior MinorExplanation
The suboccipital triangle is a small region located at the base of the skull, formed by the rectus capitus posterior major, obliquus capitus superior, and obliquus capitus inferior muscles. These muscles play a role in the movement and stabilization of the head and neck. The rectus capitus posterior minor, however, is not involved in the suboccipital triangle. It is a small muscle located deep to the rectus capitus posterior major and has a different function, namely assisting in the rotation and extension of the head.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which does NOT attach to the atlas?
- A.
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
- B.
Rectus Capirus Posterior Minor
- C.
Obliquus Capitus Inferior
- D.
Rotatores
Correct Answer
A. Rectus Capitus Posterior MajorExplanation
The correct answer is Rectus Capitus Posterior Major. The atlas is the first cervical vertebra in the spine, and it does not have any direct attachments to the Rectus Capitus Posterior Major muscle. The other options listed are all muscles that do attach to the atlas.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Jefferson Fracture would affect which muscle?
- A.
Obliquus capitis Inferior
- B.
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
- C.
Rhomboid major
- D.
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Correct Answer
A. Obliquus capitis InferiorExplanation
The Jefferson Fracture is a type of fracture that occurs in the ring of bones at the base of the skull called the atlas. The obliquus capitis inferior muscle, also known as the inferior oblique muscle, is located in the neck and is responsible for rotating and tilting the head. If a Jefferson Fracture were to occur, it could potentially affect the function of this muscle.Rate this question:
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- 45.
In a motor accident, the axis of a young man was crushed, which of the muscles of the suboccipital region was spared?
- A.
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
- B.
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
- C.
Obliquus Capitis Superior
- D.
Semispinalis Cervicis
Correct Answer
B. Rectus Capitis Posterior MinorExplanation
In a motor accident where the axis of a young man was crushed, the muscles of the suboccipital region are likely to be affected. However, the Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor muscle is spared. This muscle is located in the suboccipital region and helps with the extension and rotation of the head. Despite the trauma to the axis, this particular muscle remains unaffected.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Where should a spinal tap be performed?
- A.
T10/T11
- B.
L1/L2
- C.
L3/L4
- D.
Sacral Hiatus
Correct Answer
C. L3/L4Explanation
A spinal tap, also known as a lumbar puncture, is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the lower back to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic purposes. The procedure is typically performed between the L3 and L4 vertebrae, as this location provides the best access to the CSF without the risk of damaging the spinal cord. The L3/L4 level also allows for easier identification of the spinal landmarks, ensuring accurate placement of the needle. Therefore, L3/L4 is the appropriate location for performing a spinal tap.Rate this question:
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- 47.
In order to investigate a patient with most features of meningitis a physician decides to perform a lumbar puncture to withdraw CSF from ____ space
- A.
Epidural
- B.
Subdural
- C.
Subarachnoid
- D.
Subpial
Correct Answer
C. SubarachnoidExplanation
A lumbar puncture is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the lower back to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic purposes. In this case, the physician wants to investigate a patient with most features of meningitis, which is an inflammation of the meninges (the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). The CSF is located in the subarachnoid space, which is the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, two of the meninges. Therefore, the physician would perform the lumbar puncture to withdraw CSF from the subarachnoid space.Rate this question:
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- 48.
In a caudal epidural anesthesia the needle is inserted into which one of the following spaces of the vertebral structure?
- A.
Epidural
- B.
Subdural
- C.
Subarachnoid
- D.
Subpial
Correct Answer
A. EpiduralExplanation
In a caudal epidural anesthesia, the needle is inserted into the epidural space of the vertebral structure. The epidural space is located outside the dura mater and contains fat, blood vessels, and connective tissue. By injecting medication into the epidural space, anesthesia can be achieved in the lower part of the body, such as the pelvic region and lower limbs. This technique is commonly used during childbirth or for surgical procedures in the lower abdomen or legs.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which is NOT pierced in epidural anaesthesia?
- A.
Pia matter
- B.
Arachnoid matter
- C.
Dura matter
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
In epidural anesthesia, a needle is inserted into the space between the vertebrae and the dura mater (the outermost layer of the spinal cord). This allows for the administration of anesthesia into the epidural space, which is between the dura mater and the ligaments that surround the spinal cord. The pia mater and arachnoid mater are inner layers of the spinal cord and are not pierced during epidural anesthesia. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as none of the mentioned layers are pierced.Rate this question:
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- 50.
A 5-YO son of an African-American single mom was brought to the family physician by his worried mom who complained about a tuft of hair at his back with no functional losses, what is his diagnosis?
- A.
Spina Bifida
- B.
Jefferson’s disease
- C.
Cancer
- D.
A hormone deficiency
Correct Answer
A. Spina BifidaExplanation
Spina Bifida is a neural tube defect that occurs during fetal development when the spinal column doesn't close completely. It can result in various symptoms, including a tuft of hair at the back. This condition is more common in African-American individuals. The fact that the child has no functional losses suggests a mild form of Spina Bifida, such as Spina Bifida Occulta, where the spinal cord and nerves are usually unaffected. Therefore, Spina Bifida is the most likely diagnosis in this case.Rate this question:
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