American History II - Exam Review 2

The Watergate scandal refers to the Nixon administration's attempt to cover up a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters. This scandal involved various illegal activities, such as the break-in, wiretapping, and destruction of evidence. It ultimately led to President Nixon's resignation in 1974.

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The counterculture of the 1960s was a cultural and social movement that emerged as a response to the conservative norms and values of the time. The hippies were a prominent group within this counterculture, known for their rejection of mainstream society, advocacy for peace, love, and equality, and their embrace of alternative lifestyles, such as communal living, non-traditional spirituality, and experimentation with drugs. They were seen as a symbol of rebellion against the establishment and a desire for societal change.

The correct answer is "Prohibition" because it is the most relevant heading that completes the diagram. The other options, such as "Music," "Propaganda," and "Fundamentalists," do not seem to fit with the given topic of "Unit 8." Prohibition refers to the period in the United States when the production, sale, and distribution of alcohol were banned, making it a suitable heading for the diagram.

Theodore Roosevelt built the Great White Fleet to establish the US as a naval power. This decision was part of his broader strategy to expand American influence and assert the country's dominance on the global stage. By showcasing the strength and capabilities of the US Navy through a worldwide tour, Roosevelt aimed to demonstrate America's military prowess and secure its position as a major player in international affairs. The Great White Fleet was a symbol of American power projection and marked a significant milestone in the country's rise as a naval superpower.

The main purpose of Operation Desert Storm was to drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait. This military operation was launched by a coalition of countries in response to Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait. The goal was to liberate Kuwait and restore its sovereignty. The operation involved a massive air campaign followed by a ground offensive, resulting in the successful expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait.

During the Cold War, many U.S. families responded to the threat of a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union by constructing bomb shelters in their backyards. This was a common response as it provided a sense of security and protection against potential nuclear attacks. Families believed that having a bomb shelter would increase their chances of survival in the event of a nuclear war. This response highlights the fear and anxiety that permeated American society during this time, as people sought ways to protect themselves and their loved ones from the potential devastation of a nuclear conflict.

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was developed in response to Cold War confrontations. During the Cold War, there was a growing need for intelligence gathering and analysis to counter the threats posed by the Soviet Union and its allies. The CIA was established in 1947 to serve as the primary intelligence agency of the United States government, responsible for collecting and analyzing information related to national security. Its main objective was to provide policymakers with accurate and timely intelligence to support decision-making and protect the interests of the United States during the Cold War.

President Truman decided to use the atomic bomb near the end of World War II because he wanted to save the lives of U.S. soldiers who would have had to invade mainland Japan. The atomic bomb was seen as a way to quickly and decisively end the war without the need for a costly and potentially bloody invasion. Truman believed that the use of the atomic bomb would force Japan to surrender and prevent further loss of American lives.

The sinking of the Lusitania was a reason for the United States' entry into the First World War. The Lusitania was a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-boat in 1915. The attack resulted in the deaths of 1,198 people, including 128 Americans. This event caused outrage in the United States and contributed to a shift in public opinion towards supporting American involvement in the war.

The diagram appears to be related to a specific topic or theme, possibly related to history or social movements. The options listed in the diagram are "Grandfather Clauses," "Sharecropping," "Niagara Movement," and "Democratic Party." The correct answer is "Niagara Movement." Without further context, it is difficult to provide a specific explanation for why this is the correct answer. However, it is possible that the Niagara Movement is a significant event or organization within the given topic, and it is the best fit to complete the diagram based on its relevance or chronological order.

Yellow journalism refers to the practice of sensationalizing news stories and using exaggerated or misleading headlines to attract readers. In this case, William Randolph Hearst, a prominent newspaper publisher, was using yellow journalism by instructing his photographer to provide photographs that would support his desired narrative of war in Cuba. By doing so, Hearst aimed to increase newspaper sales and manipulate public opinion in favor of war. Yellow journalism was a common technique used during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to boost newspaper circulation and influence public sentiment.

In the 1970s, the incident at Three Mile Island resulted in the United States increasing its regulation of nuclear power plants. This incident, which occurred in 1979, was a partial nuclear meltdown at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station in Pennsylvania. It was a significant nuclear accident that raised concerns about the safety and regulation of nuclear power plants in the United States. As a result, the incident led to stricter regulations and safety measures being implemented in the nuclear power industry.

During the Cold War tensions of the 1950s, the US government adopted the policy of containment. This policy aimed to prevent the spread of communism and Soviet influence by containing it within its existing borders. It involved various strategies such as military alliances, economic aid, and diplomatic efforts to counter the Soviet Union's expansionist ambitions. The US government believed that by containing communism, they could eventually weaken and undermine it, leading to its ultimate collapse. This policy shaped US foreign policy for several decades and influenced various conflicts and interventions during the Cold War era.

Title IX had a significant impact on educational institutions in the US by ensuring equal funding for men's and women's athletics. This policy aimed to address the gender disparities in sports programs and provide equal opportunities for both male and female athletes. By mandating equal funding, educational institutions were required to allocate resources and support to women's sports programs, which had historically received less attention and funding. This led to the growth and development of women's athletics, increased participation, and improved opportunities for female athletes in educational institutions across the country.

A late-1800s industrial leader would use a horizontal integration system to establish a monopoly. This strategy involves acquiring or merging with competitors in the same industry, thereby eliminating competition and gaining control over the market. By consolidating resources and eliminating competition, the industrial leader can dominate the market and establish a monopoly position. This strategy was commonly employed during the late 1800s by industrial leaders such as John D. Rockefeller in the oil industry and Andrew Carnegie in the steel industry.

During World War I, the US government restricted freedom of speech as a means to protect national security and maintain public support for the war effort. The Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918 were enacted to prohibit any form of dissent or criticism towards the government or the war. This led to the arrest and imprisonment of individuals who spoke out against the war or expressed anti-war sentiments. The government's actions violated the civil liberties of US citizens by suppressing their right to freedom of speech and expression.

The Haymarket Square Riot contributed most to the demise of the Knights of Labor. The riot took place in 1886 in Chicago, where a labor protest turned violent and a bomb was thrown at police officers, resulting in multiple deaths and injuries. The Knights of Labor were unfairly blamed for the incident, which led to a decline in public support and a loss of credibility for the organization. This event marked a turning point for the Knights of Labor, as they were unable to recover from the negative publicity and their influence began to decline.

During the 1920s, the economy appeared prosperous on the surface, but the evidence that showed this prosperity was an illusion was the fact that many people increased their debt. This suggests that people were living beyond their means and relying on credit to sustain their lifestyles. This excessive borrowing ultimately led to the stock market crash and the Great Depression, revealing the true fragility of the economy during that time.

President Taft used dollar diplomacy in Latin America and Asia to promote U.S. commercial interests abroad. This means that he believed that by using economic influence and investments, the United States could expand its economic power and gain access to new markets in these regions. This approach aimed to strengthen the U.S. economy and increase American influence globally through economic means rather than military force.