American History I Exam Review: IV
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were based on which principle?
- A.
The state's right to nullify acts of the federal government
- B.
The Supreme Court's right to nullify acts of Congress
- C.
Congress' right to nullify acts of the states
- D.
The president's right to nullify rulings of the Supreme Court
Correct Answer
A. The state's right to nullify acts of the federal governmentExplanation
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were based on the principle of the state's right to nullify acts of the federal government. These resolutions were passed in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, which were seen as an overreach of federal power. The resolutions argued that states had the authority to declare federal laws unconstitutional and therefore null and void within their borders. This principle of nullification was a key aspect of the states' rights doctrine, which emphasized the sovereignty of individual states within the federal system.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What right did most Caucasian women have in the United States during the Federalist period?
- A.
Right to serve on a jury
- B.
Right to inherit land
- C.
Right to vote for political officials
- D.
Right to seek public office
Correct Answer
B. Right to inherit landExplanation
During the Federalist period in the United States, most Caucasian women had the right to inherit land. This means that they were legally allowed to receive property or land as an inheritance from family members or through other means. This right was significant as it provided women with a degree of economic independence and allowed them to have control over their own property, which was not common in many other areas of their lives during that time.Rate this question:
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- 3.
During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, which event challenged his strict constructionist philosophy?
- A.
The Judiciary Act of 1801
- B.
The Embargo Act of 1807
- C.
The Louisiana Purchase
- D.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
Correct Answer
C. The Louisiana PurchaseExplanation
The Louisiana Purchase challenged Thomas Jefferson's strict constructionist philosophy because it involved the acquisition of a large amount of land from France without explicit authorization in the Constitution. Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that the government should only exercise powers explicitly granted to it. The Louisiana Purchase raised questions about the extent of executive power and the interpretation of the Constitution, as it was not explicitly stated that the president had the authority to acquire new territory.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What impact did the Battle of New Orleans have on the United States in 1815?
- A.
It weakened the strength of the US military
- B.
It resolved the issue of British impressment of US ships
- C.
It caused the US to lose access to the Gulf port
- D.
It boosted a sense of patriotism and unity among US citizens
Correct Answer
D. It boosted a sense of patriotism and unity among US citizensExplanation
The Battle of New Orleans had a significant impact on the United States in 1815 as it boosted a sense of patriotism and unity among US citizens. The victory in this battle, led by General Andrew Jackson, against the British army instilled a sense of pride and national identity among Americans. It was seen as a symbol of American strength and resilience, especially since it occurred after the War of 1812 had officially ended. This victory helped to solidify the young nation's confidence and belief in its ability to defend itself against foreign threats.Rate this question:
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- 5.
…The Jury withdrew, and in a small time returned, and being asked by the clerk, whether they were agreed of their verdict, and whether John Peter Zenger was guilty of printing and publishing the libels in the information mentioned? They answered by Thomas Hunt, their foreman, Not Guilty. Upon which there were three huzzas [cheers] in the hall which was crowded with people, and the next day I was discharged from my imprisonment.— John Peter Zenger, 1734 4The court case discussed in this passage was important in the development of colonial America because it helped establish the principle of...
- A.
Freedom of the press
- B.
Double jeopardy
- C.
Freedom of assembly
- D.
judicial independence
Correct Answer
A. Freedom of the pressExplanation
The court case discussed in this passage was important in the development of colonial America because it helped establish the principle of freedom of the press. This is evident from the fact that the jury found John Peter Zenger "Not Guilty" for printing and publishing the libels, which indicates that he had the right to express his opinions freely through the press without facing legal consequences. This case set a precedent for the protection of free speech and press in colonial America, contributing to the development of democratic principles in the country.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Speaker A: The right way to settle the question of slavery in the territories is to let the people who live there determine if their state is to be slave or free.Speaker B: The Supreme Court’s decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford is exactly what this country needs. Perhaps now the abolitionists will stop their meddling.Speaker C: Secession is unlawful and treasonous. Everything possible must be done to preserve the Union.Speaker D: The rights of the states must be protected. The federal government is exceeding its authority. The solution proposed by Speaker A is known as
- A.
Nullification
- B.
Popular sovereignty
- C.
The spoils system
- D.
Federal supremacy
Correct Answer
B. Popular sovereigntyExplanation
Speaker A proposes that the people who live in the territories should have the power to decide whether their state should allow slavery or not. This concept is known as popular sovereignty, which means that the authority and power lie with the people. It was a significant idea during the debate over slavery in the United States, as it allowed for a democratic approach to deciding the fate of slavery in new territories.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Speaker A: The right way to settle the question of slavery in the territories is to let the people who live there determine if their state is to be slave or free. Speaker B: The Supreme Court’s decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford is exactly what this country needs. Perhaps now the abolitionists will stop their meddling. Speaker C: Secession is unlawful and treasonous. Everything possible must be done to preserve the Union. Speaker D: The rights of the states must be protected. The federal government is exceeding its authority.Which speaker most accurately represents the opinions of President Abraham Lincoln?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
C. CExplanation
Speaker C most accurately represents the opinions of President Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln believed that secession was unlawful and treasonous, and he was committed to preserving the Union. He believed that everything possible should be done to prevent the dissolution of the United States. This aligns with Speaker C's statement that secession is unlawful and everything must be done to preserve the Union.Rate this question:
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- 8.
“… Article 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid.…” — Northwest Ordinance, 1787Based on this excerpt from the Northwest Ordinance, which statement is a valid conclusion?
- A.
The issue of slavery was largely ignored before the Civil War.
- B.
Abolitionists had gained control of the Constitutional Convention.
- C.
Slavery was legally banned in the Northwest Territory.
- D.
Enslaved persons had constitutionally protected civil rights.
Correct Answer
C. Slavery was legally banned in the Northwest Territory.Explanation
The excerpt from the Northwest Ordinance clearly states that there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the territory. This implies that slavery was indeed legally banned in the Northwest Territory.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights were significant influences on United States constitutional development because they
- A.
Provided suffrage for all men and women
- B.
Placed limits on the powers of the government
- C.
called for the abolition of slavery
- D.
Supported the development of federalism
Correct Answer
B. Placed limits on the powers of the governmentExplanation
The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights were significant influences on United States constitutional development because they placed limits on the powers of the government. These documents established the idea of limited government and protected individual rights and liberties. They introduced the concept of checks and balances, ensuring that no single branch of government could become too powerful. This idea of limited government and the protection of individual rights greatly influenced the development of the United States Constitution, which also includes provisions for checks and balances and the protection of individual liberties.Rate this question:
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- 10.
… MISS ANTHONY: When I was brought before your honor for trial, I hoped for a broad and liberal interpretation of the Constitution and its recent amendments, that should declare all United States citizens under its protecting aegis [shield]—that should declare equality of rights the national guarantee to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. But failing to get this justice—failing, even, to get a trial by a jury not of my peers—I ask not leniency at your hands—but rather the full rigors of the law.…United States v. Susan B. Anthony, 1873 The constitutional amendments referred to in this statement were ratified to
- A.
end the importation of slaves
- B.
Increase federal revenue
- C.
institute national Prohibition
- D.
Provide legal rights to African Americans
Correct Answer
D. Provide legal rights to African AmericansExplanation
The constitutional amendments referred to in Miss Anthony's statement were ratified to provide legal rights to African Americans. She hoped for a broad interpretation of the Constitution and its recent amendments that would declare equality of rights as a national guarantee for all persons born or naturalized in the United States. However, she did not receive the justice she expected and requested the full rigors of the law. This suggests that she believed the amendments were meant to protect the legal rights of African Americans.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Why can the Emancipation Proclamation be seen as a diplomatic document?
- A.
It made it hard for foreign nations to recognize and support the Confederacy
- B.
It warned European nations to stay out of affairs in the Western Hemisphere
- C.
It called on England and France to sell weapons to the Union army
- D.
It encouraged France to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States
Correct Answer
A. It made it hard for foreign nations to recognize and support the ConfederacyExplanation
The Emancipation Proclamation can be seen as a diplomatic document because it made it difficult for foreign nations to recognize and support the Confederacy. By declaring that all slaves in Confederate territory were to be set free, it presented the Confederacy as a pro-slavery entity and made it morally problematic for other nations to support them. This diplomatic move aimed to undermine the Confederacy's international legitimacy and gain support for the Union cause.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which action abolished slavery in the United States?
- A.
Suspension of habeas corpus
- B.
Passage of the Thirteenth Amendment
- C.
Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866
- D.
Delivery of the Gettysburg Address
Correct Answer
B. Passage of the Thirteenth AmendmentExplanation
The Thirteenth Amendment is the correct answer because it abolished slavery in the United States. This amendment was passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865. It declared that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States." This amendment effectively ended the institution of slavery and was a significant milestone in the fight for civil rights in the United States.Rate this question:
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- 13.
During the mid to late 1800s, which major problem was more common for a farmer in the West than for a farmer living east of the Mississippi River?
- A.
Unemployment
- B.
Deflation
- C.
High railroad rates
- D.
Rising interest rates
Correct Answer
C. High railroad ratesExplanation
During the mid to late 1800s, high railroad rates were more common for a farmer in the West than for a farmer living east of the Mississippi River. This was because the West had fewer transportation options and a less developed infrastructure compared to the East. The high cost of transporting goods via rail made it difficult for Western farmers to sell their products at competitive prices, limiting their ability to make a profit. In contrast, Eastern farmers had better access to markets and lower transportation costs, giving them a comparative advantage.Rate this question:
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- 14.
How did the transcendental movement influence U.S. society during the mid to late 1800s?
- A.
Transcendentalists emphasized the need to get material wealth
- B.
Transcendentalists encouraged the spread of slavery
- C.
Transcendentalist created neoclassical style architecture
- D.
Transcendentalists wrote about the idea of self-reliance
Correct Answer
D. Transcendentalists wrote about the idea of self-relianceExplanation
During the mid to late 1800s, the transcendental movement influenced U.S. society by promoting the idea of self-reliance. Transcendentalists believed in the importance of individualism and self-reliance, encouraging people to trust their own instincts and beliefs rather than conforming to societal norms. This emphasis on self-reliance had a significant impact on American society, inspiring individuals to think independently, pursue their own paths, and challenge traditional authority. The writings of transcendentalists like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau played a crucial role in spreading these ideas and shaping the cultural and intellectual landscape of the time.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What was the effect of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
- A.
The concept of popular sovereignty led to armed conflict between slave owners and abolitionists
- B.
Slaveholders gained the right to establish slavery in those territories
- C.
The extension of slavery into the new territories was prohibited
- D.
Residents of Kansas and Nebraska were prohibited from considering the issue of slavery until the territories became states
Correct Answer
A. The concept of popular sovereignty led to armed conflict between slave owners and abolitionistsExplanation
The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act introduced the concept of popular sovereignty, which allowed the residents of these territories to decide for themselves whether they wanted to allow slavery or not. This led to armed conflict between slave owners and abolitionists, as both sides fought to influence the outcome of the decision. The act did not prohibit the extension of slavery into the new territories, but rather allowed for its potential establishment based on the residents' votes.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Why did Congress pass laws protecting civil right during Reconstruction?
- A.
To reverse the Dred Scott decision
- B.
To abolish black codes in the South
- C.
To punish former Confederate soldiers
- D.
To help former slaves migrate to the North
Correct Answer
B. To abolish black codes in the SouthExplanation
During Reconstruction, Congress passed laws protecting civil rights to abolish black codes in the South. Black codes were a set of laws that were enacted by Southern states to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans. These laws aimed to maintain white supremacy and control the newly freed slaves. By passing laws to abolish black codes, Congress sought to ensure equal rights and protections for African Americans and dismantle the oppressive system that had been put in place. This was a crucial step towards achieving equality and justice for all citizens.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Why did the United States business interests favor overseas expansion in the late 1800s?
- A.
To establish a commonwealth of colonies
- B.
To establish military bases around the world
- C.
To acquire new markets and sources of raw materials
- D.
To spread democratic ideals to other areas of the world
Correct Answer
C. To acquire new markets and sources of raw materialsExplanation
In the late 1800s, the United States business interests favored overseas expansion to acquire new markets and sources of raw materials. This expansion allowed American businesses to access untapped markets for their goods and to secure a steady supply of resources needed for industrial production. By expanding their reach globally, American businesses could increase their profits and maintain their competitive advantage in the rapidly growing global economy. Additionally, this expansion helped to fuel the economic growth of the United States and establish it as a major player on the world stage.Rate this question:
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- 18.
In the late 1800s, why did the Great Plains region become closely associated with the Populist movement?
- A.
A large portion of the population was industrial workers
- B.
Many cattle ranchers worked there
- C.
A large portion of the population was farmers
- D.
Many immigrants settled there
Correct Answer
C. A large portion of the population was farmersExplanation
The Great Plains region became closely associated with the Populist movement in the late 1800s because a large portion of the population in that region consisted of farmers. The Populist movement was primarily focused on advocating for the rights and interests of farmers, who were facing economic challenges such as high debt, falling crop prices, and unfair practices by railroad companies. The movement aimed to address these issues and promote agricultural reforms, making the Great Plains region a natural stronghold for their cause.Rate this question:
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- 19.
How did the government's policy of manifest destiny affect Native Americans living on the plains in the late 1800s?
- A.
Native Americans were forced to accept treaties and land east of the Mississippi River
- B.
Native Americans were forced to give up reservations with the passage of the Monroe Doctrine
- C.
Native Americans were forced to mine gold discovered by settlers
- D.
Native Americans were forced onto reservations while settlers took their land
Correct Answer
D. Native Americans were forced onto reservations while settlers took their landExplanation
The government's policy of manifest destiny in the late 1800s led to the forced removal of Native Americans from their ancestral lands. Native Americans were pushed onto reservations, often in undesirable and barren areas, while settlers took over their fertile lands. This policy resulted in the displacement and loss of traditional territories for Native American tribes, leading to significant hardships and cultural disruption.Rate this question:
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- 20.
One effect of the building of the transcontinental railroad was to
- A.
Make more land for Native Americans in the West
- B.
Attract more Latin Americans to the West
- C.
Make land available for cotton plantations in the West
- D.
Attract more migrants to the West
Correct Answer
D. Attract more migrants to the WestExplanation
The building of the transcontinental railroad had the effect of attracting more migrants to the West. The railroad provided a means of transportation that made it easier for people to travel to and settle in the western regions of the United States. This led to an influx of people seeking new opportunities and a chance to build a better life in the West. The railroad also facilitated the transportation of goods and resources, further stimulating economic growth and development in the region.Rate this question:
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