American History I Exam Review: II
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
What was the primary objection of the Antifederalist to ratification of the Constitution?
- A.
They opposed a bicameral legislature
- B.
They believed the rights of the people were not protected
- C.
They feared a weak central government
- D.
They wanted to give more power to the executive branch
Correct Answer
B. They believed the rights of the people were not protectedExplanation
The primary objection of the Antifederalists to the ratification of the Constitution was that they believed the rights of the people were not protected. They were concerned that the Constitution did not include a bill of rights, which would explicitly outline the rights and freedoms of individuals. The Antifederalists argued that without these protections, the government could potentially infringe upon the rights of the people. They believed that a bill of rights was necessary to safeguard individual liberties and limit the power of the federal government.Rate this question:
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- 2.
One result of the War of 1812 was that the United States...
- A.
Acquired French-held territory in southern Canada
- B.
Maintained its independence and its territory
- C.
Lost control of the Ohio River valley
- D.
Gained territory from Mexico
Correct Answer
B. Maintained its independence and its territoryExplanation
The War of 1812 resulted in the United States maintaining its independence and its territory. Despite facing challenges from the British Empire, the United States successfully defended itself and preserved its sovereignty. The war solidified the nation's independence and demonstrated its ability to protect its territory from foreign powers.Rate this question:
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- 3.
To prevent tyranny, the authors of the Constitution drew on Montesquieu's concept...
- A.
Religious liberty
- B.
Universal sufferage
- C.
Separation of powers
- D.
Supremacy of the nobility
Correct Answer
C. Separation of powersExplanation
The authors of the Constitution drew on Montesquieu's concept of separation of powers to prevent tyranny. This concept suggests that power should be divided among different branches of government, such as the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. By doing so, it ensures that not one branch has too much power and can potentially abuse it. This system of checks and balances helps to safeguard against the concentration of power in the hands of a few and promotes a more democratic and accountable government.Rate this question:
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- 4.
During the colonial period, the economic development of the South was most directly dependent on the labor of...
- A.
Factory workers
- B.
Wheat farmers
- C.
Irish immigrants
- D.
Enslaved Africans
Correct Answer
D. Enslaved AfricansExplanation
During the colonial period, the economic development of the South was most directly dependent on the labor of enslaved Africans. Enslaved Africans were forced to work on plantations, cultivating crops such as tobacco, cotton, and rice. Their labor was essential for the profitability and success of these agricultural enterprises. The South's economy relied heavily on the production and export of these cash crops, and the institution of slavery allowed plantation owners to exploit the labor of enslaved Africans for their own economic gain.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Both the Homestead Act (1862) and the Pacific Railway Act (1862) were efforts by the federal government to...
- A.
Provide land to minority groups
- B.
Resolve conflicts with Native American Indians
- C.
Encourage settlement west of the Mississippi River
- D.
Support settlement of former plantation lands
Correct Answer
C. Encourage settlement west of the Mississippi RiverExplanation
The correct answer is "encourage settlement west of the Mississippi River." The Homestead Act and the Pacific Railway Act were both passed in 1862 as part of the federal government's efforts to promote westward expansion. The Homestead Act provided free land to settlers who were willing to develop and cultivate it, while the Pacific Railway Act authorized the construction of the first transcontinental railroad, which facilitated transportation and migration to the western territories. These acts were aimed at incentivizing and supporting the settlement of the western lands.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) helped to increase sectional conflict because the decision...
- A.
Denied Congress the power to regulate slavery in the territories
- B.
Allowed for the importation of enslaved persons for ten years
- C.
Prohibited slavery in lands west of the Mississippi River
- D.
Gave full citizenship to all enslaved persons
Correct Answer
A. Denied Congress the power to regulate slavery in the territoriesExplanation
The Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford denied Congress the power to regulate slavery in the territories. This decision further deepened the sectional conflict because it effectively nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which had prohibited slavery in certain territories. By denying Congress the authority to regulate slavery, the ruling allowed for the expansion of slavery into new territories and heightened tensions between the North and the South. This decision ultimately contributed to the growing divide between the free and slave states, leading to the eventual outbreak of the Civil War.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In the 1830s, President Andrew Jackson supported the Indian removal policy because...
- A.
White settlers desired the land on which Native American Indians lived
- B.
Native American Indians were attacking southern cities
- C.
He wanted to punish Native American Indians for their political opposition
- D.
He sought complete control of Texas by the United States
Correct Answer
A. White settlers desired the land on which Native American Indians livedExplanation
During the 1830s, President Andrew Jackson supported the Indian removal policy because white settlers desired the land on which Native American Indians lived. This policy aimed to forcibly relocate Native American tribes from their ancestral lands to make way for white settlement and expansion. Jackson believed that this would alleviate conflicts between settlers and Native Americans and open up valuable land for agricultural and economic development. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was passed under Jackson's administration, leading to the forced removal of thousands of Native Americans, most notably the Cherokee Nation, along the Trail of Tears.Rate this question:
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- 8.
“Compromise Enables Maine and Missouri to Enter the Union”“California Joins the Union As Part of Compromise of 1850”“Kansas-Nebraska Act Establishes Popular Sovereignty in the Territories” Which issue is most closely associated with these headlines?
- A.
Status of slavery in new states
- B.
negotiation of the Oregon Treaty
- C.
Expansion of land for reservations
- D.
Influence of political parties on economic development
Correct Answer
A. Status of slavery in new statesExplanation
The issue most closely associated with these headlines is the status of slavery in new states. The first headline mentions the compromise that allowed Maine and Missouri to enter the Union, which was related to the issue of slavery. The second headline states that California joined the Union as part of the Compromise of 1850, which also dealt with the issue of slavery. The third headline mentions the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which established popular sovereignty in the territories and was a significant event in the debate over slavery. Therefore, the correct answer is the status of slavery in new states.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The Monroe Doctrine (1823) established the United States foreign policy that ...
- A.
provided foreign aid to developing nations
- B.
Opposed the creation of new colonies in Latin America
- C.
led directly to the Civil War
- D.
Encouraged expansion into East Asia
Correct Answer
B. Opposed the creation of new colonies in Latin AmericaExplanation
The Monroe Doctrine, established in 1823, was a foreign policy that aimed to protect the independence of newly formed Latin American nations. It stated that any attempt by European powers to colonize or interfere in the affairs of these nations would be considered a threat to the United States. Therefore, the correct answer is that the Monroe Doctrine opposed the creation of new colonies in Latin America.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What was an immediate effect of the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825?
- A.
Prices increased for food products along the Atlantic Coast
- B.
Farmers could more easily ship grain to eastern markets
- C.
A territorial conflict began with Canada over the Great Lakes
- D.
Railroads were forced to reduce their shipping rates
Correct Answer
B. Farmers could more easily ship grain to eastern marketsExplanation
The completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 had an immediate effect of allowing farmers to more easily ship their grain to eastern markets. The canal provided a direct water route from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, bypassing the need for overland transportation. This reduced transportation costs and time, making it more profitable for farmers to sell their products in the eastern markets. As a result, the completion of the Erie Canal had a significant impact on the agricultural economy and trade in the region.Rate this question:
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- 11.
1803 — Louisiana Purchase Treaty established western boundary of United States.1818 — Convention with Britain established northern boundary of Louisiana Territory.1819 — Adams-Onís Treaty granted Florida to United States.1842 — Webster-Ashburton Treaty established MaineCanada border.1846 — Treaty of Oregon established northern boundary of Oregon Territory.The time line shows that the major way the United States gained territory in the early 19th century was through...
- A.
War
- B.
Diplomacy
- C.
Executive orders
- D.
Arbitration
Correct Answer
B. DiplomacyExplanation
The timeline provided shows that the United States gained territory in the early 19th century through diplomacy. This is evident from the various treaties mentioned, such as the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, the Convention with Britain, the Adams-OnÃs Treaty, the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, and the Treaty of Oregon. These treaties were negotiated agreements between the United States and other countries or territories, indicating that territory was acquired through diplomatic means rather than war or executive orders.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In his first inaugural address, President Abraham Lincoln stated his main goal for the nation was to...
- A.
Use the vote to resolve the conflict over slavery
- B.
Free all slaves in the United States
- C.
Uphold the Dred Scott decision
- D.
Preserve the Union
Correct Answer
D. Preserve the UnionExplanation
In his first inaugural address, President Abraham Lincoln stated his main goal for the nation was to preserve the Union. This means that Lincoln's priority was to maintain the unity of the United States and prevent it from splitting apart due to the ongoing conflict over slavery. Lincoln believed that preserving the Union was crucial for the country's stability and prosperity.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which power did the United States Supreme Court gain through the Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison?
- A.
Judicial review
- B.
Hearing appeals from lower federal courts
- C.
Deciding cases involving two or more states
- D.
Judicial independence through lifetime appointments
Correct Answer
A. Judicial reviewExplanation
The United States Supreme Court gained the power of judicial review through the Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison. Judicial review refers to the Court's authority to review and interpret laws, determining their constitutionality. This landmark case established the principle that the Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution and has the power to declare laws passed by Congress or actions taken by the executive branch as unconstitutional. This power has since become a crucial aspect of the Court's role in the American legal system.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which Supreme Court decision is most closely associated with the Trail of Tears?
- A.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
- B.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
- C.
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
- D.
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Correct Answer
C. Worcester v. Georgia (1832)Explanation
Worcester v. Georgia (1832) is the correct answer because this Supreme Court decision ruled that the state of Georgia did not have the authority to regulate the Cherokee Nation or interfere with their lands. This decision recognized the sovereignty of Native American tribes and their right to self-governance. The Trail of Tears refers to the forced removal of Native American tribes, including the Cherokee, from their ancestral lands to designated Indian Territory, resulting in the deaths of thousands of Native Americans. This decision is closely associated with the Trail of Tears because it addressed the legal rights and treatment of Native American tribes during this time period.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What was a result of the disputed presidential election of 1876?
- A.
Reconstruction ended as federal troops were removed from the South
- B.
Slavery was reestablished in the South by state legislatures
- C.
New state laws were passed in the South to guarantee equal rights for African Americans
- D.
A constitutional amendment was adopted to correct problems with the electoral college system
Correct Answer
A. Reconstruction ended as federal troops were removed from the SouthExplanation
The disputed presidential election of 1876 resulted in the end of Reconstruction as federal troops were removed from the South. This election was highly controversial and marked by allegations of voter fraud and political maneuvering. As a compromise, a special commission was created to determine the outcome, and it ultimately awarded the presidency to Rutherford B. Hayes. As part of the compromise, Hayes agreed to remove federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction and allowing Southern states to regain control over their own affairs. This decision had significant consequences for African Americans, as it led to the rollback of many civil rights protections and the establishment of Jim Crow segregation laws.Rate this question:
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- 16.
One reason President Thomas Jefferson supported the Louisiana Purchase was that he wanted to...
- A.
Gain full control of the Mississippi River
- B.
establish a base for controlling the Caribbean
- C.
Maintain control of the slave trade
- D.
Acquire an established manufacturing region
Correct Answer
A. Gain full control of the Mississippi RiverExplanation
President Thomas Jefferson supported the Louisiana Purchase because he wanted to gain full control of the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River was a vital waterway for trade and transportation, and by acquiring the Louisiana Territory, Jefferson ensured that the United States would have unrestricted access to this important river. This would allow for the expansion of American commerce and settlement in the western territories. Additionally, controlling the Mississippi River would also prevent other European powers, such as France or Spain, from gaining control of this strategic waterway.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Black Codes were established in the South immediately after the Civil War in an effort to...
- A.
integrate freedmen into American society
- B.
Enforce the Emancipation Proclamation
- C.
Expand educational opportunities
- D.
Limit the rights of newly freed African Americans
Correct Answer
D. Limit the rights of newly freed African AmericansExplanation
The Black Codes were a series of laws enacted in the Southern states after the Civil War. These laws were designed to restrict the rights and freedoms of newly freed African Americans. The codes aimed to maintain white supremacy and control over the African American population by imposing strict regulations on their behavior, labor, and movement. The Black Codes effectively limited the rights of African Americans and perpetuated a system of racial discrimination and oppression.Rate this question:
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- 18.
In the publication Common Sense, Thomas Paine argued that...
- A.
Foreign nations would reject an independent American government
- B.
The British government would be impossible to overthrow
- C.
America was dependent on British trade and protection
- D.
The American colonies should break away from England
Correct Answer
D. The American colonies should break away from EnglandExplanation
In the publication Common Sense, Thomas Paine argued that the American colonies should break away from England. Paine believed that it was common sense for the colonies to seek independence from British rule. He argued that the British government was oppressive and that the colonies would be better off governing themselves. Paine also highlighted the economic benefits of independence, stating that the colonies would no longer be dependent on British trade and protection. His arguments were influential in shaping public opinion and ultimately led to the American colonies declaring independence from England.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The results of the French and Indian War (1754–1763) led to the independence movement in the thirteen colonies because the British...
- A.
Lost control of Canada and Florida
- B.
Began imposing new taxes on the colonists
- C.
removed the Spanish threat to the colonists
- D.
Opened the area west of the Appalachian Mountains to colonial settlers
Correct Answer
B. Began imposing new taxes on the colonistsExplanation
The correct answer is "began imposing new taxes on the colonists." After the French and Indian War, the British government faced a significant debt and sought to recover it by imposing various taxes on the American colonists. These included the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Townshend Acts, which sparked widespread protests and resistance among the colonists. The imposition of these taxes without colonial representation in the British government was a major factor that fueled the independence movement in the thirteen colonies.Rate this question:
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- 20.
… It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the maxim [principle] no less applicable to public than to private affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be observed in their genuine sense. But, in my opinion, it is unnecessary and would be unwise to extend them.…— President George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796President Washington was offering this advice because he believed...
- A.
The destiny of the United States was to rule other countries
- B.
the United States should seek alliances with other nations
- C.
Alliances could draw the United States into wars
- D.
The United States should break its agreements with France
Correct Answer
C. Alliances could draw the United States into warsExplanation
President Washington believed that alliances could draw the United States into wars. He stated that it is the true policy of the United States to avoid permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. He emphasized the importance of honesty and observing existing engagements but also expressed his opinion that extending alliances would be unnecessary and unwise. This suggests that he was cautious about getting involved in international conflicts and believed that avoiding alliances would help maintain peace and protect the interests of the United States.Rate this question:
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