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During the final phase of the American Revolution, General Cornwallis was surrounded and forced to surrender his entire force at Yorktown, Virginia. This marked a significant turning point in the war, as it led to the eventual independence of the United States from British rule. The Battle of Yorktown was a decisive victory for the American and French forces, who successfully trapped Cornwallis and his troops, cutting off their escape routes and bombarding them with artillery fire. With no hope of reinforcement or escape, Cornwallis surrendered on October 19, 1781.

The pamphlet "Common Sense" written by Thomas Paine was instrumental in gaining support for the idea of independence from Great Britain. Paine's persuasive arguments and clear reasoning in the pamphlet helped to convince many colonists that it was time to break away from British rule and establish their own independent nation. Paine's influential work played a significant role in shaping public opinion and rallying support for the American Revolution.

During the second phase of the American Revolution, the British forces achieved several important victories but were unable to completely defeat the Americans due to mistakes and blunders. This suggests that although they were successful in some battles, their overall strategy and decision-making were flawed, preventing them from completely crushing the American forces. This explanation implies that the British had the potential for total victory but ultimately failed due to their own errors.

During the Revolution, the Americans had several advantages over the British. They were fighting on familiar ground, which gave them an advantage in terms of knowledge of the terrain. The British people only half-heartedly supported the war, while the Americans had a strong commitment to their cause. Additionally, the British had long lines of communication and supply, which made it difficult for them to effectively coordinate their efforts. However, the one advantage that the Americans did not have was superior troops compared to the British regulars.

During the final phase of the American Revolution, all of the answers below were characteristic of the period. Guerrilla warfare was employed by the American forces to wear down the British forces. American attacks on the frontier were launched against combined Indian and British forces. Major battles took place between opposing forces of Americans. Additionally, Britain's southern strategy, which aimed to gain support from Loyalists in the South and regain control of the region, ultimately failed. Therefore, all of the given options accurately describe the final phase of the American Revolution.

In the 1770s and 1780s, the powers of government were concentrated in the state governments. This means that the state governments had the majority of control and authority over the government at that time. The national government did not have as much power or influence as the state governments did during this period.

During wartime, American women experienced various changes and responsibilities. They took on the responsibility of running farms and businesses, which was not typically their role before. They also contributed to the war effort by doing chores and nursing, which helped to increase army morale and efficiency. Women even became intermittently involved in battles. However, one thing they did not experience during this time was momentarily gaining the right to vote in many northern states. This suggests that while their contributions were significant, they did not receive an increase in political rights during the war.

During 1777, British General Burgoyne attempted to implement a plan for dividing the colonies by capturing the Hudson River Valley. This region was strategically important as it served as a key transportation route and provided access to New England. By controlling the Hudson River Valley, the British hoped to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies and weaken their resistance. However, Burgoyne's plan ultimately failed as he was defeated at the Battle of Saratoga, a turning point in the American Revolutionary War.

Historians debate whether the American Revolution was primarily driven by political ideology or economic and social interests. Some argue for a focus on Enlightenment principles, while others emphasize economic factors like taxation and class tensions. Ultimately, the Revolution's origins likely intertwine both ideological and practical considerations in a complex historical narrative.

The Revolutionary War encouraged American economic growth and diversification. During the war, American industries had to develop in order to supply the troops with necessary goods. This led to an increase in manufacturing and stimulated economic growth. Additionally, the war disrupted trade with Britain and other European countries, leading Americans to seek out new trading partners and diversify their economic relationships. Overall, the Revolutionary War played a significant role in encouraging the growth and diversification of the American economy.

The correct answer is a weakening of the tribes, because the Confederacy split up, and the Americans attacked those who sided with the British. This is because during the American Revolution, the Iroquois Confederacy was divided in their loyalties. Some tribes supported the Americans, while others supported the British. This division led to internal conflicts within the Confederacy, ultimately resulting in its fragmentation. Additionally, the Americans, who were fighting against the British, attacked and retaliated against those tribes who sided with the British. This led to a weakening of the tribes and their overall power and influence.

During the American Revolution, Catholics experienced an improvement in their position. Prior to the Revolution, Catholics faced discrimination and restrictions on their religious practices. However, the Revolution brought about a shift towards religious tolerance and freedom, which benefited Catholics. The establishment of the United States Constitution and the First Amendment protected the rights of all religious groups, including Catholics, and allowed them to practice their faith freely. This newfound religious freedom allowed Catholics to gain more acceptance and influence in American society, leading to an improvement in their position during this time.

The American War for Independence has been characterized as a relatively modest war, an unusually savage conflict, a switch to a new type of conflict, and a revolutionary war for liberation. However, it is not characterized as the first technological war. This suggests that while technology may have played a role in the war, it was not the defining aspect or the primary focus of the conflict.

During the American Revolution, the real center of authority was the state governments. This is because the states had their own governments and were responsible for making decisions and governing their own territories. The national congress, while important, did not have as much power or control over the individual states. The militias played a crucial role in the revolution, but they were not the center of authority. Similarly, while town and city officials had local authority, they did not have the same level of power as the state governments. Therefore, the state governments were the true centers of authority during this time.

The Land Ordinances of 1785 and 1787 were a set of laws that established the Northwest Territory and set guidelines for the surveying and selling of western lands. These ordinances also outlined the process by which a territory could become a state once it had enough population. Additionally, the ordinances abolished slavery in the territories north of the Ohio River. These provisions were highly favorable to land speculators, as they provided a clear and organized system for the acquisition and development of western lands. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of the answers below are true.

The state governments that were formed during the 1770s exhibited all of the following characteristics except adopting the principle of universal suffrage. This means that while these state governments had written constitutions, forbade governors from holding legislative seats, had property requirements for voting, and limited the power of the executive in favor of the legislative, they did not extend the right to vote to all citizens regardless of their gender, race, or social status. Universal suffrage, or the principle that all adult citizens should have the right to vote, was not adopted by these state governments during the 1770s.

The Revolutionary War affected religious and social groups in various ways. It weakened the position of the Quakers, as they were pacifists and did not support the war effort. It strengthened the position of the Catholics, as they were able to practice their religion more freely under the new government. It weakened the position of the Anglicans, as they were associated with the British monarchy. It led to freedom for some blacks who fought on the American side, as they were promised their freedom in exchange for their service. However, it did not improve the position of the Indians, as most of them sided with the British and ultimately lost their land and autonomy as a result of the war.

During the American Revolution, the American national government obtained war supplies by receiving foreign aid and loans from countries like France. This support from foreign nations was crucial for the American forces to sustain their military efforts against the British. The aid and loans provided by France and other countries helped to provide weapons, ammunition, and other necessary supplies for the American troops. This assistance played a significant role in the success of the American Revolution and ultimately led to the independence of the United States.

During the Revolutionary War, most Americans believed they were fighting for a redress of grievances against the British Empire. This means that they wanted their complaints and concerns to be addressed and resolved by the British government. They were not fighting for independence or the acquisition of more territory, as these goals came later in the war. Representation in the British Parliament was also not a primary concern, as the colonists were seeking more autonomy and self-governance. The idea of overthrowing the colonial upper class was not a widespread sentiment among the American population during this time.

During the early 1780s, the authority of the national government was vested in a legislative branch. This means that the power to make laws and govern the country was held by a group of representatives who were responsible for creating and passing legislation. The legislative branch is an essential part of any government system as it ensures that laws are made in a democratic and representative manner.