Advanced Optometry - Midterm 1

Increasing applination pressure will bring the mires closer together. Applination pressure refers to the force applied to the cornea during tonometry, which is a method used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP). By increasing the pressure, the mires, which are the patterns observed on the cornea, will move closer together. This can help in obtaining a more accurate IOP reading.

The Goldman tonometer should be avoided when a patient has a soft contact lens that cannot be removed at the moment. This is because the Goldman tonometer requires the application of a topical anesthetic and the use of a prism, which can potentially dislodge or damage the contact lens. Therefore, it is safer to avoid using the Goldman tonometer in this situation.

He stressed these...probably going to ask this in one form or another

Atropine is the correct drug to give the patient in order to achieve 0 diopters of residual accommodation. Atropine is a potent cycloplegic agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle, thereby preventing accommodation. This allows for a more accurate assessment of the patient's esotropia without the interference of accommodation. Pilocarpine, Cyclopentolate, and Tropicamide are not as effective as Atropine in achieving complete cycloplegia.

He stressed this in class. It is less affected. But it is still affected

Rose bengal is not a vital dye. It is actually a stain that is commonly used in ophthalmology to diagnose certain eye conditions, such as dry eye syndrome and corneal abrasions. It works by staining damaged or dead cells on the surface of the eye, making them more visible for examination. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Slide 41

Administering pilocarpine, a cholinergic agonist, would result in pupillary miosis (constriction of the pupil) and ciliary body contraction. Pilocarpine acts on muscarinic receptors in the eye, causing these effects. Pupillary miosis occurs due to the contraction of the pupillary sphincter muscle, while ciliary body contraction leads to increased tension on the zonular fibers, resulting in accommodation for near vision.

Anything that risks damaging the endothelial cell layer should be avoided. Epithelium is fine though.

The correct answer is Benoxinate because it has minimal quenching. Quenching refers to the reduction in the fluorescence intensity of a fluorescent dye. In this case, NaFl is a fluorescent dye used to stain the patient's eye. By using an anesthetic with minimal quenching, such as Benoxinate, the fluorescence intensity of NaFl will not be significantly reduced, allowing for better visualization and examination of the eye.

Diaton tends to underestimate IOP at higher IOP's leading to an increased risk of false negatives. The 21 mmHg reading is probably higher than that. Lower corneal hysteresis and decreased cornea thickness are risk factors for glaucoma.

Dilation with hydroxyamphetamine rules out a problem with the 3rd order neuron.

The correct answer is "Left eye is affected" because if only the right eye dilates after giving cocaine drops, it suggests that the left eye is affected by Horner's syndrome. The sympathetic pathway responsible for pupillary dilation is disrupted on the affected side, leading to a smaller or no dilation of the pupil in the affected eye.

The correct answer is also "Not enough info to localize the lesion" because the information provided does not specify the exact location of the lesion causing Horner's syndrome. Further diagnostic tests or evaluation would be needed to determine the specific location of the lesion along the sympathetic pathway.