Chapters 1 & 2: Amd And Genetics

25 Questions | By StaciJohnsonLLC | Updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Attempts: 139

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This quiz has been designed to test your knowledge of age-related macular degeneration and genetics. You have 1 hour to complete the quiz. A passing grade is a 90% or above.

Questions and Answers

1.

Which layer of retina falls between Bruch's membrane and photoreceptors?
- A.
  
  Choroid
- B.
  
  Retinal pigment epithelium
- C.
  
  Macula
- D.
  
  Fovea
2.

Which of the following stimulates the release of VEGF?
- A.
  
  Decreased blood supply
- B.
  
  Increased oxygen levels
- C.
  
  Decreased hormone levels
- D.
  
  Aging
3.

Drusen causes damage in which layer of the retina?
- A.
  
  Choroid
- B.
  
  Bruch's membrane
- C.
  
  Photoreceptors
- D.
  
  Retinal pigment epithelium
4.

Forms of advanced AMD include all of the following except
- A.
  
  CNV
- B.
  
  GA
- C.
  
  Wet AMD
- D.
  
  RPE
5.

Which of the following is scored in the AREDS Simplified Severity Scale?
- A.
  
  Visual acuity
- B.
  
  Large drusen
- C.
  
  Smoking status
- D.
  
  Abnormal complement
6.

Which of the following can slow the progression of wet AMD and possibly improve vision?
- A.
  
  Anti-VEGF treatments
- B.
  
  Steroid injections
- C.
  
  Antibiotic drops
- D.
  
  Plenty of rest and avoiding bright lights
7.

Which of the following is NOT considered primary prevention for AMD?
- A.
  
  Eating a diet rich in zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, beta-carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin
- B.
  
  Smoking cessation
- C.
  
  Including 1 or more servings of fish in your diet each week
- D.
  
  Hyperacuity testing
8.

What is the genetic contribution to advanced AMD?
- A.
  
  Up to 54%
- B.
  
  Up to 62%
- C.
  
  Up to 71%
- D.
  
  Up to 89%
9.

What is the hallmark sign of dry AMD?
- A.
  
  Pigment changes
- B.
  
  Drusen
- C.
  
  Chronic inflammation
- D.
  
  Choroidal neovascularization
10.

What is the process of growing new, abnormal, leaky blood vessels?
- A.
  
  Metamorphopsia
- B.
  
  Hyperacuity
- C.
  
  Angiogenesis
- D.
  
  Oxidation
11.

How many Americans are currently estimated to be affected by AMD?
- A.
  
  3 million
- B.
  
  5 million
- C.
  
  10 million
- D.
  
  20 million
12.

True or false: GA and CNV may occur separately or in the same patient.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
13.

Which of the following is NOT true about AREDS?
- A.
  
  AREDS was sponsored by the National Eye Institute.
- B.
  
  AREDs was a long-term clinical trial designed to study AMD and glaucoma.
- C.
  
  AREDS began in 1992 and collected over 10 years of data.
- D.
  
  AREDS evaluated the effects of high doses of antioxidants and zinc on the progression of AMD and vision loss.
14.

Secondary prevention of AMD progression may include all of the following except
- A.
  
  Drusen therapy
- B.
  
  Smoking cessation
- C.
  
  AREDS-formula nutritional supplements
- D.
  
  Self-monitoring for subtle visual changes
15.

Which of the following acts as a biological marker and helps scientists locate genes that are associated with disease?
- A.
  
  SNPs
- B.
  
  VEGF
- C.
  
  Abnormal compliment
- D.
  
  DNA base pair
16.

Regions of DNA that contain instructions to make proteins are called
- A.
  
  Nucleotides
- B.
  
  Chromosomes
- C.
  
  SNP
- D.
  
  Genes
17.

The majority of genes implicated in AMD involve
- A.
  
  Oxidative stress
- B.
  
  Inflammation
- C.
  
  Complement factor H
- D.
  
  VEGF
18.

The attributable risk of AMD progression for variants in CFH and ARMS2 has been estimated to be as high as
- A.
  
  55%
- B.
  
  63%
- C.
  
  72%
- D.
  
  85%
19.

True or false: The AAO has advised against routine genetic testing for AMD, but acknowledge that genetic tests play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, risk reduction, and prognosis of AMD.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
20.

Which is the best understood gene implicated in AMD?
- A.
  
  ND2
- B.
  
  CFH
- C.
  
  UPC
- D.
  
  C3
21.

An error in a gene that often results in an abnormal protein is called a(n)
- A.
  
  Allele
- B.
  
  Genome
- C.
  
  Mutation
- D.
  
  Complement
22.

The observable expression of a particular trait is called a
- A.
  
  Genotype
- B.
  
  Phenotype
- C.
  
  Genome
- D.
  
  SNP
23.

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 bases of a DNA molecule?
- A.
  
  Adenine
- B.
  
  Thymine
- C.
  
  Guanine
- D.
  
  Phenomine
24.

A complete set of DNA for a human is called its
- A.
  
  Genome
- B.
  
  Chromosome
- C.
  
  Allele
- D.
  
  Nucleotide
25.

Which of the following statements is false?
- A.
  
  Genetic material is arranged in 26 pairs of chromosomes, 1 set from each parent.
- B.
  
  Genes are composed of DNA.
- C.
  
  Different variations of genes are called alleles.
- D.
  
  Phenotype may be affected by environmental factors.