Chapters 1 & 2: Amd And Genetics
This quiz has been designed to test your knowledge of age-related macular degeneration and genetics. You have 1 hour to complete the quiz. A passing grade is a 90% or above.
- 1.Which layer of retina falls between Bruch's membrane and photoreceptors?
- A.
Choroid
- B.
Retinal pigment epithelium
- C.
Macula
- D.
Fovea
- 2.Which of the following stimulates the release of VEGF?
- A.
Decreased blood supply
- B.
Increased oxygen levels
- C.
Decreased hormone levels
- D.
Aging
- 3.Drusen causes damage in which layer of the retina?
- A.
Choroid
- B.
Bruch's membrane
- C.
Photoreceptors
- D.
Retinal pigment epithelium
- 4.Forms of advanced AMD include all of the following except
- A.
CNV
- B.
GA
- C.
Wet AMD
- D.
RPE
- 5.Which of the following is scored in the AREDS Simplified Severity Scale?
- A.
Visual acuity
- B.
Large drusen
- C.
Smoking status
- D.
Abnormal complement
- 6.Which of the following can slow the progression of wet AMD and possibly improve vision?
- A.
Anti-VEGF treatments
- B.
Steroid injections
- C.
Antibiotic drops
- D.
Plenty of rest and avoiding bright lights
- 7.Which of the following is NOT considered primary prevention for AMD?
- A.
Eating a diet rich in zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, beta-carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin
- B.
Smoking cessation
- C.
Including 1 or more servings of fish in your diet each week
- D.
Hyperacuity testing
- 8.What is the genetic contribution to advanced AMD?
- A.
Up to 54%
- B.
Up to 62%
- C.
Up to 71%
- D.
Up to 89%
- 9.What is the hallmark sign of dry AMD?
- A.
Pigment changes
- B.
Drusen
- C.
Chronic inflammation
- D.
Choroidal neovascularization
- 10.What is the process of growing new, abnormal, leaky blood vessels?
- A.
Metamorphopsia
- B.
Hyperacuity
- C.
Angiogenesis
- D.
Oxidation
- 11.How many Americans are currently estimated to be affected by AMD?
- A.
3 million
- B.
5 million
- C.
10 million
- D.
20 million
- 12.True or false: GA and CNV may occur separately or in the same patient.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 13.Which of the following is NOT true about AREDS?
- A.
AREDS was sponsored by the National Eye Institute.
- B.
AREDs was a long-term clinical trial designed to study AMD and glaucoma.
- C.
AREDS began in 1992 and collected over 10 years of data.
- D.
AREDS evaluated the effects of high doses of antioxidants and zinc on the progression of AMD and vision loss.
- 14.Secondary prevention of AMD progression may include all of the following except
- A.
Drusen therapy
- B.
Smoking cessation
- C.
AREDS-formula nutritional supplements
- D.
Self-monitoring for subtle visual changes
- 15.Which of the following acts as a biological marker and helps scientists locate genes that are associated with disease?
- A.
SNPs
- B.
VEGF
- C.
Abnormal compliment
- D.
DNA base pair
- 16.Regions of DNA that contain instructions to make proteins are called
- A.
Nucleotides
- B.
Chromosomes
- C.
SNP
- D.
Genes
- 17.The majority of genes implicated in AMD involve
- A.
Oxidative stress
- B.
Inflammation
- C.
Complement factor H
- D.
VEGF
- 18.The attributable risk of AMD progression for variants in CFH and ARMS2 has been estimated to be as high as
- A.
55%
- B.
63%
- C.
72%
- D.
85%
- 19.True or false: The AAO has advised against routine genetic testing for AMD, but acknowledge that genetic tests play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, risk reduction, and prognosis of AMD.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.Which is the best understood gene implicated in AMD?
- A.
ND2
- B.
CFH
- C.
UPC
- D.
C3
- 21.An error in a gene that often results in an abnormal protein is called a(n)
- A.
Allele
- B.
Genome
- C.
Mutation
- D.
Complement
- 22.The observable expression of a particular trait is called a
- A.
Genotype
- B.
Phenotype
- C.
Genome
- D.
SNP
- 23.Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 bases of a DNA molecule?
- A.
Adenine
- B.
Thymine
- C.
Guanine
- D.
Phenomine
- 24.A complete set of DNA for a human is called its
- A.
Genome
- B.
Chromosome
- C.
Allele
- D.
Nucleotide
- 25.Which of the following statements is false?
- A.
Genetic material is arranged in 26 pairs of chromosomes, 1 set from each parent.
- B.
Genes are composed of DNA.
- C.
Different variations of genes are called alleles.
- D.
Phenotype may be affected by environmental factors.
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