Chapters 1 & 2: Amd And Genetics

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Genetics Quizzes & Trivia

This quiz has been designed to test your knowledge of age-related macular degeneration and genetics. You have 1 hour to complete the quiz. A passing grade is a 90% or above.


Questions and Answers
  • 1. 
    Which layer of retina falls between Bruch's membrane and photoreceptors?
    • A. 

      Choroid

    • B. 

      Retinal pigment epithelium

    • C. 

      Macula

    • D. 

      Fovea

  • 2. 
    Which of the following stimulates the release of VEGF?
    • A. 

      Decreased blood supply

    • B. 

      Increased oxygen levels

    • C. 

      Decreased hormone levels

    • D. 

      Aging

  • 3. 
    Drusen causes damage in which layer of the retina?
    • A. 

      Choroid

    • B. 

      Bruch's membrane

    • C. 

      Photoreceptors

    • D. 

      Retinal pigment epithelium

  • 4. 
    Forms of advanced AMD include all of the following except
    • A. 

      CNV

    • B. 

      GA

    • C. 

      Wet AMD

    • D. 

      RPE

  • 5. 
    Which of the following is scored in the AREDS Simplified Severity Scale?
    • A. 

      Visual acuity

    • B. 

      Large drusen

    • C. 

      Smoking status

    • D. 

      Abnormal complement

  • 6. 
    Which of the following can slow the progression of wet AMD and possibly improve vision?
    • A. 

      Anti-VEGF treatments

    • B. 

      Steroid injections

    • C. 

      Antibiotic drops

    • D. 

      Plenty of rest and avoiding bright lights

  • 7. 
    Which of the following is NOT considered primary prevention for AMD?
    • A. 

      Eating a diet rich in zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, beta-carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin

    • B. 

      Smoking cessation

    • C. 

      Including 1 or more servings of fish in your diet each week

    • D. 

      Hyperacuity testing

  • 8. 
    What is the genetic contribution to advanced AMD?
    • A. 

      Up to 54%

    • B. 

      Up to 62%

    • C. 

      Up to 71%

    • D. 

      Up to 89%

  • 9. 
    What is the hallmark sign of dry AMD?
    • A. 

      Pigment changes

    • B. 

      Drusen

    • C. 

      Chronic inflammation

    • D. 

      Choroidal neovascularization

  • 10. 
    What is the process of growing new, abnormal, leaky blood vessels?
    • A. 

      Metamorphopsia

    • B. 

      Hyperacuity

    • C. 

      Angiogenesis

    • D. 

      Oxidation

  • 11. 
    How many Americans are currently estimated to be affected by AMD?
    • A. 

      3 million

    • B. 

      5 million

    • C. 

      10 million

    • D. 

      20 million

  • 12. 
    True or false:  GA and CNV may occur separately or in the same patient.
    • A. 

      True

    • B. 

      False

  • 13. 
    Which of the following is NOT true about AREDS?
    • A. 

      AREDS was sponsored by the National Eye Institute.

    • B. 

      AREDs was a long-term clinical trial designed to study AMD and glaucoma.

    • C. 

      AREDS began in 1992 and collected over 10 years of data.

    • D. 

      AREDS evaluated the effects of high doses of antioxidants and zinc on the progression of AMD and vision loss.

  • 14. 
    Secondary prevention of AMD progression may include all of the following except
    • A. 

      Drusen therapy

    • B. 

      Smoking cessation

    • C. 

      AREDS-formula nutritional supplements

    • D. 

      Self-monitoring for subtle visual changes

  • 15. 
    Which of the following acts as a biological marker and helps scientists locate genes that are associated with disease?
    • A. 

      SNPs

    • B. 

      VEGF

    • C. 

      Abnormal compliment

    • D. 

      DNA base pair

  • 16. 
    Regions of DNA that contain instructions to make proteins are called
    • A. 

      Nucleotides

    • B. 

      Chromosomes

    • C. 

      SNP

    • D. 

      Genes

  • 17. 
    The majority of genes implicated in AMD involve
    • A. 

      Oxidative stress

    • B. 

      Inflammation

    • C. 

      Complement factor H

    • D. 

      VEGF

  • 18. 
    The attributable risk of AMD progression for variants in CFH and ARMS2 has been estimated to be as high as
    • A. 

      55%

    • B. 

      63%

    • C. 

      72%

    • D. 

      85%

  • 19. 
    True or false:  The AAO has advised against routine genetic testing for AMD, but acknowledge that genetic tests play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, risk reduction, and prognosis of AMD.
    • A. 

      True

    • B. 

      False

  • 20. 
    Which is the best understood gene implicated in AMD?
    • A. 

      ND2

    • B. 

      CFH

    • C. 

      UPC

    • D. 

      C3

  • 21. 
    An error in a gene that often results in an abnormal protein is called a(n)
    • A. 

      Allele

    • B. 

      Genome

    • C. 

      Mutation

    • D. 

      Complement

  • 22. 
    The observable expression of a particular trait is called a
    • A. 

      Genotype

    • B. 

      Phenotype

    • C. 

      Genome

    • D. 

      SNP

  • 23. 
    Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 bases of a DNA molecule?
    • A. 

      Adenine

    • B. 

      Thymine

    • C. 

      Guanine

    • D. 

      Phenomine

  • 24. 
    A complete set of DNA for a human is called its
    • A. 

      Genome

    • B. 

      Chromosome

    • C. 

      Allele

    • D. 

      Nucleotide

  • 25. 
    Which of the following statements is false?
    • A. 

      Genetic material is arranged in 26 pairs of chromosomes, 1 set from each parent.

    • B. 

      Genes are composed of DNA.

    • C. 

      Different variations of genes are called alleles.

    • D. 

      Phenotype may be affected by environmental factors.

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