5 Quick Review Questions For Chapter 12 (Mckinney)

1. Which fetal circulatory structure carries blood with the highest oxygen concentration?

Umbilical artery

Umbilical vein

Ductus arteriosus

Pulmonary vein

The umbilical vein carries blood from the placenta to the fetus, supplying it with oxygen and nutrients. Since it is directly connected to the placenta, it carries blood with the highest oxygen concentration compared to other fetal circulatory structures. The umbilical artery, on the other hand, carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta, while the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary vein are not directly involved in carrying blood with high oxygen concentration.

Explanation

The umbilical vein carries blood from the placenta to the fetus, supplying it with oxygen and nutrients. Since it is directly connected to the placenta, it carries blood with the highest oxygen concentration compared to other fetal circulatory structures. The umbilical artery, on the other hand, carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta, while the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary vein are not directly involved in carrying blood with high oxygen concentration.

2. N important purpose of seminal fluid is to

Digest microorganisms in the female digestive tract.

Prevent premature movement of sperm tails.

Protect sperm from the acidic vaginal environment

Transport the sperm into the uterine cavity

Seminal fluid plays a crucial role in protecting sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina. The vagina has a naturally acidic pH, which can be harmful to sperm and reduce their viability. The seminal fluid, which is alkaline in nature, helps to neutralize the acidic environment and create a more favorable condition for the sperm to survive and swim towards the egg. This protective function of seminal fluid increases the chances of successful fertilization and enhances the overall reproductive process.

Explanation

Seminal fluid plays a crucial role in protecting sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina. The vagina has a naturally acidic pH, which can be harmful to sperm and reduce their viability. The seminal fluid, which is alkaline in nature, helps to neutralize the acidic environment and create a more favorable condition for the sperm to survive and swim towards the egg. This protective function of seminal fluid increases the chances of successful fertilization and enhances the overall reproductive process.

3. The embryo is fully implanted in the uterus on which day after conception?

3

6

10

15

The embryo is fully implanted in the uterus on the 10th day after conception. This is the time when the embryo attaches itself to the lining of the uterus, which is essential for its development and growth. Implantation occurs after the fertilized egg travels through the fallopian tube and reaches the uterus. Once implanted, the embryo receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother's body, allowing it to continue developing into a fetus.

Explanation

The embryo is fully implanted in the uterus on the 10th day after conception. This is the time when the embryo attaches itself to the lining of the uterus, which is essential for its development and growth. Implantation occurs after the fertilized egg travels through the fallopian tube and reaches the uterus. Once implanted, the embryo receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother's body, allowing it to continue developing into a fetus.

4. Fertilization is complete when

Fusion of the sperm and ovum nuclei occurs.

A sperm enters the ovum in the fallopian tube.

The fertilized ovum has its first cell division.

The morula fully implants into the uterine lining.

Fertilization is complete when the sperm and ovum nuclei fuse together. This is the moment when the genetic material from both the sperm and the ovum combine to form a new individual with a unique set of genes. The fusion of the nuclei is a crucial step in the process of fertilization, as it marks the beginning of the development of a new organism.

Explanation

Fertilization is complete when the sperm and ovum nuclei fuse together. This is the moment when the genetic material from both the sperm and the ovum combine to form a new individual with a unique set of genes. The fusion of the nuclei is a crucial step in the process of fertilization, as it marks the beginning of the development of a new organism.

5. What is the significance of a fetal hemoglobin of 13 g/dL and a hematocrit of 39%?

Fetal blood is more likely to clot as it circulates through the placenta.

Greater transfer of carbohydrates will result in rapid fetal growth

Transfer of harmful substances from the mother to the fetus is lessened

Anemia reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the fetal blood

A fetal hemoglobin level of 13 g/dL and a hematocrit of 39% indicate that the fetal blood has a lower than normal concentration of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Anemia is characterized by a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, as red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen to the body's tissues. Therefore, in this case, the anemia reduces the ability of the fetal blood to carry oxygen, which can have detrimental effects on the developing fetus.

Explanation

A fetal hemoglobin level of 13 g/dL and a hematocrit of 39% indicate that the fetal blood has a lower than normal concentration of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Anemia is characterized by a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, as red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen to the body's tissues. Therefore, in this case, the anemia reduces the ability of the fetal blood to carry oxygen, which can have detrimental effects on the developing fetus.