8th Grade: A Trivia Quiz On Earth Science!

Igneous rock is formed from hot liquid rock called magma. Magma is molten rock that is found beneath the Earth's surface. When magma cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rocks. These rocks can be found in various forms such as granite, basalt, and obsidian. Igneous rocks are characterized by their crystalline structure and can be classified into two types: intrusive (formed underground) and extrusive (formed on the Earth's surface).

Chalk is composed mainly of calcium carbonate. This sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of microscopic marine organisms such as plankton and algae. The calcium carbonate in their shells and skeletons gets compacted over time, creating the chalk rock. Chalk is known for its soft texture and white color, and it is commonly used for writing on blackboards and as a building material.

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand grains. It is grainy and crumbly due to its composition of sand-sized particles. Additionally, sandstone often contains fossils, which are remnants of ancient organisms that were preserved within the sedimentary layers. Therefore, the correct answer is sedimentary.

Granite is an intrusive igneous rock, meaning it forms from the slow cooling of magma deep within the Earth's crust. As a result of this slow cooling process, the crystals in granite have more time to grow, leading to the formation of large crystals. Additionally, granite is known for being a hard rock, further supporting the correct answer choice.

The correct answer is "Erosion is the weathering and carrying away of rock sediment." Erosion refers to the process of breaking down and transporting rock sediment by natural forces such as wind, water, or ice. Weathering, on the other hand, is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces. Therefore, erosion is the next step after weathering, as it involves the movement and transportation of the weathered rock sediment to new locations.

Weathering refers to the process of breaking up or disintegrating rocks at the Earth's surface. It is a natural phenomenon that occurs due to various factors such as temperature changes, wind, water, and chemical reactions. Over time, these external forces cause physical and chemical changes to the rocks, leading to their breakdown into smaller fragments or particles. This process is an essential part of the rock cycle and plays a significant role in shaping the Earth's surface.

Slate is a metamorphic rock because it is formed from the transformation of shale or mudstone through heat and pressure. It has a fine-grained texture and is characterized by its ability to split into thin layers. Basalt, limestone, and mudstone are all examples of sedimentary rocks, which are formed by the accumulation and lithification of sediment.

Magma is not a component of soil. Soil is composed of rock particles, water, air, and organic matter (humus). Magma, on the other hand, is molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface. It is not a part of the soil composition.

Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks undergo intense heat and pressure, causing them to change in composition and structure. The description of a white rock showing layers formed by heat and pressure on chalk or limestone fits this process. The layers are a result of the minerals in the rock recrystallizing and rearranging under the influence of heat and pressure. This transformation gives the rock its distinct appearance and characteristics.

Sandy soil will have good drainage because it has larger particles with more space between them, allowing water to flow through quickly. The larger particles do not compact tightly together, creating larger pore spaces for water to move through. This helps to prevent water from pooling or saturating the soil, allowing excess water to drain away easily.