Earth Science-test I- Sol Final Review (25)

A compass is an instrument that tells the direction on Earth. It consists of a magnetized needle that aligns itself with the Earth's magnetic field, indicating the direction of the Earth's magnetic north pole. This allows individuals to determine their orientation and navigate accurately. A barometer measures atmospheric pressure, a thermometer measures temperature, and an anemometer measures wind speed, but none of these instruments specifically indicate direction.

When water evaporates, it turns into a gas called water vapor. This water vapor rises into the atmosphere and cools down, condensing into tiny droplets. These droplets then form clouds, which are visible masses of water vapor. Therefore, the correct answer is cloud.

A barometer is an instrument used to measure air pressure. It is typically used in weather forecasting to determine changes in atmospheric pressure, which can indicate changes in weather conditions. A barometer works by measuring the weight of the air in the atmosphere above it. When air pressure is higher, it indicates fair weather, while lower air pressure can indicate the possibility of storms or other weather disturbances. Therefore, a barometer is the correct instrument for measuring air pressure.

The word "celestial" refers to the sky or the space where the planets are located. It is often used to describe things related to the heavens or the universe. In this context, "celestial" is another word for "sky" or the location of the planets.

A rain gauge is an instrument specifically designed to measure precipitation, such as rainfall. It consists of a cylindrical container with markings to indicate the amount of rainfall. When rain falls into the gauge, it collects in the container and the level of water can be measured to determine the amount of precipitation. This instrument is commonly used by meteorologists, hydrologists, and farmers to monitor and record rainfall data for various purposes, such as weather forecasting, water resource management, and agricultural planning.

The correct answer is climate. Climate refers to the average weather pattern that occurs in a region over a long period of time. It includes factors such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind patterns. Climate helps us understand the overall weather conditions in a particular area and how they might change over time.

A thermometer is used to measure temperature, which is a measure of the average kinetic energy or molecular activity of a substance. When molecules are more active, they move faster and collide more frequently, resulting in an increase in temperature. Therefore, a thermometer would be the appropriate instrument to measure "molecular activity" that produces heat.

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. It is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. When an object is in motion, it has the ability to do work or cause a change in the environment. Therefore, kinetic energy is the correct answer for the given question.

Fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable resources because they take millions of years to form. These fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. The process of their formation involves the accumulation of organic matter, which is subjected to heat and pressure over an extended period of time. Due to the lengthy time required for their formation, fossil fuels cannot be easily replenished within a human lifespan, making them nonrenewable.

The word "terrestrial" means "land" or "relating to the land." It is commonly used to describe things that exist or occur on the Earth's surface, as opposed to things that are celestial (related to the sky or outer space), or aquatic (related to water). Therefore, "terrestrial" is the correct answer as it directly correlates with the word "land."

When the earth travels in an orbit around the sun, it is called a revolution. This term refers to the circular movement of an object around another object. In this case, the earth revolves around the sun in a fixed path, completing one revolution in approximately 365.25 days, which is known as a year. Rotation, on the other hand, refers to the spinning of an object around its own axis. While the earth does rotate on its axis, causing day and night, the term revolution specifically describes its movement around the sun.

Cumulonimbus clouds are characterized by their puffy and black appearance near the bottom. These clouds are associated with thunderstorms, which suggests that they bring heavy rain, lightning, and thunder. Cumulus clouds, on the other hand, are large and fluffy but do not typically bring thunderstorms. Stratus clouds are flat and featureless, while cirrus clouds are thin and wispy. Therefore, cumulonimbus is the most fitting answer based on the given description.

Evaporation is the process in which water molecules transition from a liquid state to a gas state. This occurs when the water is heated, causing the molecules to gain energy and escape into the air. Evaporation is a crucial part of the water cycle, as it allows water to be transferred from bodies of water to the atmosphere, where it can eventually condense and form clouds. Precipitation, on the other hand, refers to the process of water falling from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface in the form of rain, snow, or hail. Respiration is the process by which organisms release energy from food, and it is not directly related to the transformation of water molecules.

When the Earth goes around on its axis, it undergoes a rotation. This means that the Earth spins around an imaginary line called its axis, which passes through the North and South Poles. This rotation takes approximately 24 hours to complete, resulting in day and night cycles. The rotation of the Earth is responsible for various natural phenomena, such as the movement of the Sun across the sky and the apparent movement of stars.

The third plant from the sun is Earth. This is because when counting from the sun, the first planet is Mercury, the second is Venus, and the third is Earth. Mars and Saturn are not the third planet from the sun, so they are not the correct answers.

A hygrometer is an instrument used to measure humidity. It is specifically designed to determine the amount of moisture present in the air. This is achieved by measuring the moisture content in the form of water vapor or humidity. Unlike a thermometer, which measures temperature, a hygrometer is solely focused on measuring humidity levels. An anemometer measures wind speed, while a rain gauge measures precipitation. Therefore, the correct instrument to measure humidity is a hygrometer.

Potential energy is the correct answer because it refers to the energy that an object possesses due to its position or condition. It is stored energy that can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy, when the object is in motion. In this case, the question is asking which type of energy is stored, and potential energy fits this description.

When a gas changes to a liquid, the process is called condensation. This occurs when the gas molecules lose energy and slow down, causing them to come closer together and form a liquid. This change usually happens when the gas is cooled down or when the pressure on the gas is increased. Condensation is responsible for the formation of clouds, dew, and rain, among other things.

Condensation occurs when the air is saturated with water vapor and cannot hold any more moisture. The temperature at which this saturation point is reached is known as the dew point. At the dew point, the air becomes cooled to the point where it can no longer hold all the water vapor, causing the excess moisture to condense into liquid form. Therefore, the dew point is the temperature at which condensation begins.

An anemometer is a scientific instrument used to measure wind speed. It typically consists of several cups or blades that rotate with the wind, and the speed of rotation is directly proportional to the wind speed. By measuring the rotation speed, an anemometer can provide an accurate measurement of the wind speed. A barometer measures atmospheric pressure, a thermometer measures temperature, and a compass is used to determine direction.

Cumulous clouds are known for their puffy appearance, resembling cotton balls. They are typically associated with fair weather conditions, as they are formed by the upward movement of warm air. These clouds are usually found at lower altitudes and indicate stable atmospheric conditions.

Temperature is the measure of the amount of heat energy in the atmosphere. It indicates the level of thermal energy present in the air. Temperature is measured using various instruments such as thermometers and is commonly expressed in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. It plays a crucial role in determining weather patterns and climate conditions.

Cirrus clouds are high, thin, and wispy in appearance. They are composed of ice crystals and are found at high altitudes, often indicating fair weather.

Wood is an example of a biomass fuel because it is derived from organic matter, specifically trees and plants. Biomass fuels are made from living or recently living organisms and can be used for energy production. Wood can be burned to produce heat or converted into biofuels such as ethanol. It is a renewable source of energy as trees can be replanted and grown again.

Stratus clouds are a type of cloud that forms a gray blanket over the sky. They are typically low-lying clouds that cover a large area and are often associated with steady rain or drizzle. Unlike cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds, which are more puffy and can bring more intense precipitation, stratus clouds have a more uniform and flat appearance. Cirrus clouds, on the other hand, are higher in the atmosphere and are thin and wispy, not typically associated with steady rain or drizzle. Therefore, the correct answer is stratus clouds.