Liver Pathology

When evaluating the liver parenchyma, it is important to assess its size, configuration, homogeneity, and contour as these factors can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the liver.

The categories of liver disease focus on various aspects of the liver's pathology, including structural changes, functional abnormalities, inflammatory conditions, and traumatic injuries. The incorrect answers provided do not align with the specific categories of liver diseases as outlined in the correct answer.

The correct subcategories of diffuse hepatocellular diseases include those related to inflammation, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, and fatty infiltration. The incorrect answers mentioned are not subcategories of diffuse hepatocellular diseases.

Fatty infiltration involves the increase of lipids in hepatocytes, not cellular, protein, or water accumulation. It can result from significant injury or a systemic disorder affecting fat metabolism.

Fatty infiltration of the liver is commonly caused by conditions such as alcoholism, obesity, diabetes mellitus, severe hepatitis, chronic illnesses, and steroid use. Iron deficiency anemia, lung cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis are not typically associated with diffuse hepatocellular disease with fatty infiltration.

The correct answer refers to the severity of fatty changes in the liver, specifically graded as grade 3. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately reflect the sonographic features of diffuse hepatocellular disease with fatty infiltration.

In Grade 1 fatty infiltration, there is a slight diffuse increase in fine echoes in the hepatic parenchyma with normal visualization of the diaphragm and intrahepatic vessel borders.

In this question, the correct answer is 'moderate diffuse increase in the fine echoes with slightly impaired visualization of the intrahepatic vessels and diaphragm'. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately describe the sonographic features of Grade 2 Fatty Infiltration in Diffuse Hepatocellular Disease.

Grade 3 diffuse liver fatty infiltration is characterized by marked increase in the line echoes within the liver parenchyma with poor or no visualization of the intrahepatic vessel borders, diaphragm, and the posterior portion of the right lobe of the liver. The incorrect answers suggest alternative options that do not align with the described sonographic features of Grade 3 diffuse fatty infiltration.

The correct answer describes the most common areas for focal sparing in cases of fatty infiltration. Incorrect answers do not accurately describe the locations typically affected by fatty infiltration.

The correct answer is a combination of lab values typically associated with diffuse hepatocellular disease. The symptom 'influenza-like symptoms' can be seen in patients with fatty infiltration of the liver. Loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting are common symptoms of liver disease.

Glycogen storage disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that may be detected by ultrasound. The categories of glycogen storage disease are divided by the clinical symptoms and the defect in the enzyme.

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1, also known as Von Gierke's disease, is characterized by the deposition of abnormally large amounts of glycogen in the liver and kidneys. The activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate is impaired, preventing glycogenolysis. While glycogen is stored in the tissues, the body is unable to use it effectively. Symptoms usually begin in infancy, and with proper therapy, individuals with this condition have a good survival prognosis through adulthood.

Glycogen Storage Disease presents with hepatomegaly, increased echogenicity, and a decrease in penetrability due to the increase fat stores in the liver. The disease is associated with hepatic adenomas, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatomegaly.

Glycogen Storage Diseases Type 3 and Type 4 are associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

This question is testing knowledge on the general effects of hepatitis on the liver and the distribution of different types of acute viral hepatitis in the United States. The correct answer states that hepatitis involves inflammation of the liver, with 60% being type B, 20% type A, and the remaining 20% being a combination of types C, D, E, and G.

Hepatitis is primarily caused by viruses or toxins, not by bacteria, parasites, dust, pollen, heavy metals, or radiation.

The correct answer refers to Hepatitis A and E being viral in nature, with the increased risk to health care workers due to mode of transportation. The incorrect answers provided do not align with the types of Hepatitis and the associated risk factors mentioned in the question.

The correct answer highlights the differences between acute and chronic hepatitis in terms of the persistence of biochemical abnormalities and the cellular changes seen in the liver tissue.

The correct answer is based on the terminology and characteristics of hepatitis D virus (HDV) as a subviral satellite that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication. The incorrect answers provide inaccurate or unrelated information that does not align with the given question.

The correct answer describes the increased severity and complications associated with hepatitis D when present along with hepatitis B. It highlights the risk of liver failure, cirrhosis, rapid progression, and high mortality rate.

Hepatitis E is a viral hepatitis (liver inflammation) caused by infection with a virus called hepatitis E virus (HEV). HEV has a fecal-oral transmission route. Infection with this virus was first documented in 1955 during an outbreak in New Delhi, India.

The correct answer is FvirusF as it completes the sentence correctly by filling in the blanks with a term related to hepatitis.

HepatitisGB virus C (GBV-C) is a virus in the Flaviviridae family, not a bacteria, fungus, or parasite. It infects humans but is not known to cause human disease.

Hepatitis typically presents with flu-like symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and loss of appetite, with jaundice being a common sign in severe cases. It is a non-obstructive, hepatocellular cause of jaundice.

Chronic hepatitis is diagnosed based on clinical and biochemical evidence of hepatic inflammation persisting beyond 6 months. Chronic active hepatitis can lead to complications such as cirrhosis and liver failure.

The correct answer describes the typical findings seen in acute hepatitis on sonographic imaging, including nonspecific and variable echogenic findings, hepatosplenomegaly, and a thickened gallbladder wall. The incorrect answers do not align with the expected sonographic findings for acute hepatitis.

The correct answer describes the common sonographic findings associated with chronic hepatitis. The incorrect answers provide inaccurate descriptions to test the knowledge and understanding of sonographic identification patterns specific to chronic hepatitis.