Lets Test You Knowledge On Biochemistry Quiz

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of sugars and can be broken down into simpler sugars. Oligosaccharides consist of 2 to 10 sugars, while polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of polymers of simple sugars.

Aldoses contain an aldehyde functional group. The simplest Aldose with 3 carbons is called Glyceraldehyde. Carbohydrate sugars in the body have predominantly a D chirality.

Ketoses contain a ketone functional group. The simplest ketose with 3 carbon atoms is Dihydroxyacetone. Amino acids have L chirality, where the amino group is always on the left and the carboxyl group is always on the right.

The correct answer includes Ribose, Galactose, Allose, Mannose, Glucose, and Fructose as the 5 Aldoses and 1 Ketose to know. Enantiomers are mirror images of each other, like L and D isomers such as Glyceraldehyde. Diasteromers are not mirror images of each other and differ in their configurations at one or more chiral centers. Epimers are two sugar molecules that only differ in one of their chiral centers.

The correct answer is Pyranose as Glucose predominantly exists in the pyranose form. It is an Aldose as it has an aldehyde functional group. The anomeric carbon, which is involved in forming the glycosidic bond, is labeled as carbon number 1. Glucose can undergo mutarotation because it has a free anomeric carbon. It can be oxidized by oxidizing agents like Fehling's solution due to the presence of a free anomeric carbonyl group. Glucose is classified as a reducing sugar because it has a free anomeric carbon that can reduce other substances.

Galactose exists predominantly in the pyranose form, making it an aldose with the anomeric carbon at position 1. It can undergo mutarotation, be oxidized by oxidizing agents such as Fehling's solution, and is classified as a reducing sugar.

In this question, we are specifically talking about Ribose, which is a pentose sugar. Therefore, the cyclic form of Ribose is a Furanose. Ribose is an Aldose as it belongs to the aldose sugar category. The anomeric carbon in Ribose can be labeled in the cyclic form. Ribose can undergo mutarotation, can be oxidized by oxidizing agents like Fehling's solution, and is classified as a reducing sugar due to its ability to reduce other compounds.

Allose exists in its cyclic form as a pyranose and is classified as an aldose. The anomeric carbon is labeled as C#1. It can undergo mutarotation, be oxidized by oxidizing agents like Fehling's solution, and is classified as a reducing sugar.

Mannose forms a pyranose ring, not a furanose ring. It is an aldose, which means it has an aldehyde group at the first carbon. The correct anomeric carbon is C#1. Mannose can undergo mutarotation, as it can convert between its alpha and beta anomers. It can be oxidized by oxidizing agents like Fehling's solution due to the presence of a free anomeric carbon. Therefore, it can be classified as a reducing sugar.

In this question, different sugars are being oxidized at specific carbons to form different acids. The correct answer choices include Allose being oxidized to Allonic Acid at C-1, Galactose being oxidized to Galacturonic acid at C-6, Glucose being oxidized to Glucaric acid at C-1 and C-6, and Glucaric acid preferring the linear form.

The correct answer provides a list of 5 monosaccharide derivatives along with a characteristic structure or function. The incorrect answers provide variations that are not commonly recognized as monosaccharide derivatives.

The purpose of the question is to guide the individual towards reviewing the upcoming problems on the worksheet in order to better understand and prepare for them.

Oubain is a sugar derivative attached to a steroid that affects heart rhythm. ATP is an example of Oubain's sugar derivative. Sugar amines are essential building blocks for Glycosaminoglycans like heparin.

The correct answer includes combinations of different sugars to form lactose, maltose, cellobiose, and sucrose. The incorrect answers do not accurately represent the combinations of sugars provided in the question.

Sucrose cannot undergo mutarotation because it is not a reducing sugar and does not have a free aldehyde or ketone group to form an equilibrium mixture of anomers.

Trehalose consists of two glucose molecules connected by an alpha 1,1 link at Carbon 1, making it a non-reducing sugar. The other three incorrect answers provide information about different disaccharides and their linkages, none of which are present in Trehalose.

Starch serves as an energy storage molecule primarily found in plants in the form of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a linear structure, while amylopectin is branched, allowing for different functionalities within the organism.

Amylose is a polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers linked together by alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkages. It possesses one reducing end due to the way it is synthesized. Amylose is relatively insoluble in water compared to other polysaccharides.

When Amylose is in water, it forms helical suspensions. The Iodine test works by inserting itself into the helix conformation and turning blue when starch is detected.

Branching in starch plays a crucial role in providing more sites for phosphorylase to act and allowing for efficient release or storage of glucose units. Phosphorylase enzyme specifically targets these branch points for releasing glucose 1 phosphate.

Glycogen primarily serves as a glucose and energy storage for animals, with significant concentrations in the liver and muscles. It differs from Starch in terms of the branching structure, allowing for greater capacity to store and release glucose. Glycogen has alpha 1,4 and 1,6 linkages every 8-12 residues.

Cellulose is indeed the most abundant natural polymer on earth, primarily found in plants and trees, and it can also be soft like in cotton. The incorrect answers provide examples of other polysaccharides such as Starch, Chitin, and Glycogen, along with different organisms and materials they are associated with.

The key difference between amylose and cellulose lies in the type of linkages present in their structures, which in turn affect their shapes. Amylose has alpha 1,4 linkages, leading to a helical shape, while cellulose has beta 1,4 linkages, resulting in linear strands. The hydrogen bonding between the molecules is what stabilizes the formation of these distinctive structures.

The question asks for other structural polysaccharides and their short descriptions, which include Alignates, Agarose and Agaropectin, and Glycosaminoglycans. Cellulose, starch, and chitin mentioned in the incorrect answers are not structural polysaccharides but rather serve different functions such as storage or as a component of cell walls.

Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of Crusteans, spiders, insects, and cell walls of fungi. It is not present in plant cell walls, animal muscle tissue, or human bone structure.

The correct answer includes O-linked and N-linked as the two types of glycoproteins, along with the effects glycoproteins have such as affecting the chemical and physical properties of proteins. The three associated amino acids are asn, ser, thr. O-linked and N-linked are the types of glycoproteins, with O-link saccarides and N-linked being specified. The type that usually ends in sialic acid, galactose or mannose is N-linked, and the type that extends the protein's functional domain beyond the plasma membrane is O-link saccarides, also known as the Globular head.