Wheat/Human DNA Extraction Test

The detergent solution was clear, meaning it had no color or was transparent.

The DNA is located in the nucleus of the wheat germ cell. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the genetic material, including the DNA. It is where the DNA is stored and protected, and it is also where the DNA is transcribed into RNA for protein synthesis.

The saline (salt) solution was clear and had no color. This means that it was transparent and did not have any visible pigmentation.

The correct order of adding chemicals to the wheat germ is water, detergent, salt, and alcohol. Water is typically added first to create a suitable environment for the wheat germ. Detergent is then added to break down the cell membranes and release the DNA. Salt is added to precipitate the proteins, allowing for easier extraction of DNA. Finally, alcohol is added to separate the DNA from the solution, as DNA is insoluble in alcohol.

Forensic scientists use DNA to solve crime scene investigations because DNA contains unique genetic information that can be used to identify individuals. By analyzing DNA samples collected from crime scenes, forensic scientists can compare them to known DNA profiles to determine if a suspect was present at the scene. This can help establish a link between the suspect and the crime, providing valuable evidence in solving the investigation. DNA analysis has become an essential tool in modern forensic science, revolutionizing the way crimes are investigated and helping to ensure justice is served.

Water is added first to the wheat germ because water is a crucial component for activating enzymes present in the wheat germ. These enzymes are responsible for breaking down the starches and proteins in the wheat germ, allowing it to be used as a source of nutrients. By adding water first, the enzymes can start their activity and begin the process of breaking down the wheat germ.

The correct answer is "Test tube tilted at the angle." Tilted the test tube at an angle while adding the isopropyl alcohol could have been the preferred method to avoid splashing or spilling the liquid. This technique allows for better control and precision during the pouring process.

The isopropyl alcohol added in step #5 was "Really Cold" because it is stated in the answer.

Warm water was added first to the wheat germ placed into the test tube. This is because warm water is commonly used to activate enzymes present in wheat germ, which helps in breaking down the starches and proteins. By adding warm water first, it allows the enzymes to start working and initiate the process of breaking down the wheat germ.

Using toasted wheat germ in the investigation would not result in getting more DNA in the test tube. The amount of DNA obtained in a test tube is not affected by the use of toasted wheat germ. The presence of toasted wheat germ does not enhance or increase the DNA yield. Therefore, the statement is false.

The correct answer is 25 - 30. This range suggests that the number of drops of salt solution used for the experiment falls between 25 and 30.

The statement is true because when DNA is mixed with alcohol, it becomes less soluble and forms a cloudy, stringy material. This is due to the fact that DNA is a large molecule with a complex structure, and the alcohol disrupts the hydrogen bonds that hold the DNA strands together. As a result, the DNA rises from the bottom layer into the alcohol layer, creating a visible separation between the two.

The statement is true because DNA can be extracted from the layer between wheat germ and alcohol. This is because DNA is soluble in water, so when the wheat germ is mixed with water, the DNA is released. The addition of alcohol causes the DNA to precipitate out of the solution, forming a visible layer between the wheat germ and alcohol. This layer can then be collected and further processed for analysis or experimentation.

Adding alcohol, water, detergent, and salt in that order would not allow DNA to form inside the test tube. DNA formation requires specific conditions and reagents. Alcohol can denature DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds, while detergent can disrupt the cell membranes and release DNA, but these steps need to be followed by the addition of specific enzymes and buffers to facilitate DNA formation. Therefore, the given statement is false.

The statement is false because a bent paper clip would not be an appropriate tool to collect a DNA sample. DNA samples are usually collected using specialized tools such as swabs or pipettes, which are designed to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the sample. A bent paper clip would not provide the necessary precision and control required for collecting a DNA sample.

A DNA molecule is made up of two strands that are twisted together in a double helix structure. Each strand is composed of a long chain of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides. This double-stranded structure allows for the replication and transmission of genetic information.

Alcohol is the correct answer because when its volume is doubled, it increases the total amount in the test tube. This implies that alcohol has a significant impact on the overall volume when doubled, unlike the other substances listed (detergent, salt, and wheat germ) which may not have the same effect when their volumes are doubled.

The correct answer is 3 because swirling the test tube after adding detergent helps to mix the solution thoroughly. This ensures that the detergent is evenly distributed in the solution, allowing for more accurate results in any subsequent tests or experiments. Swirling for 3 minutes is a sufficient amount of time to achieve this mixing without wasting excessive time or energy.

A long stem pipette was used in the experiment to collect the wheat germ DNA sample. This is because a long stem pipette allows for precise and controlled transfer of small volumes of liquid, which is important when working with delicate samples like DNA. The long stem helps to avoid contamination and allows the researcher to reach the bottom of the sample container without disturbing the contents. Therefore, the statement is true.

The correct answer is 3 because typically, the detergent is added during the third step of a washing process. This step usually involves adding the detergent to the washing machine or directly to the clothes before starting the wash cycle.

The increase in the number of bubbles indicates that more DNA is being produced from the wheat germ. Therefore, the correct answer is "Increase."

Wheat belongs to the kingdom Plantae because it is a cereal grain and a type of grass. The Plantae kingdom includes all plants, which are multicellular organisms that have cell walls made of cellulose and obtain energy through photosynthesis. Wheat, being a plant, fits into this category as it undergoes photosynthesis to produce its own food.

The correct answer is "Dry" because the question is asking for a description of the wheat germ before step #2. Since step #2 is not mentioned, we can assume that the wheat germ has not been exposed to any moisture or liquid, indicating that it is in a dry state.

DNA molecules do not travel away from the alcohol layer. In fact, DNA molecules precipitate and become visible as white strands in the alcohol layer. This is because DNA is not soluble in alcohol and therefore, it separates from the solution and forms visible strands. Therefore, the statement is false.

Shaking the mixture after adding detergent is not a gentle action. The word "gently" indicates a soft and delicate movement, which is contradictory to shaking. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The wheat germ DNA layer in the test tube had a stringy texture, as well as a cloudy appearance. The DNA formed a layer that was not completely clear, but rather had a cloudy appearance. This suggests that the DNA was not completely dissolved or dispersed in the solution, resulting in a cloudy layer. Additionally, the DNA formed string-like structures within the cloudy layer, further indicating its stringy texture.

The correct answer is "Hydrostatic; used liquid or water." This method involves using liquid or water to rinse the inside of the mouth and cheeks, allowing the cells to detach and be collected. This is a non-invasive and simple technique commonly used to obtain human epithelial cells for various laboratory procedures or DNA testing.

The correct answer is 1. This suggests that after the addition of salt, the test tube should be swirled for 1 minute. Swirling the test tube helps to mix the salt thoroughly with the solution and ensures even distribution. It also aids in the dissolution process, allowing the salt to dissolve faster and more effectively.

This statement is false because DNA molecules are extremely small and cannot be seen with the naked eye. They are only visible under a microscope or other magnification tools. Therefore, it is not possible to see DNA from just one wheat germ cell without the use of a lens or microscopy.

During step 8, you washed your hands after working with the chemicals.

The addition of detergent disrupts the nuclear and plasma membranes. Detergent is a type of surfactant that can break down the lipid bilayer of the cell membranes. This disruption can lead to the release of cellular contents and the loss of membrane integrity. Ribosomes, on the other hand, are not membrane-bound organelles and therefore would not be directly affected by the addition of detergent.

Alcohol has the lowest density compared to salt and warm water. Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. Since alcohol is a liquid, it typically has a lower density than solid substances like salt. Warm water, on the other hand, has a higher density than alcohol because warm water molecules are more spread out and take up more space. Therefore, alcohol has the lowest density among the given substances.

A light microscope with a magnification of 2,000 X is not strong enough to see individual DNA molecules. DNA molecules are extremely small, with a diameter of about 2 nanometers. Light microscopes have a limited resolution, which is the ability to distinguish between two closely spaced objects. The resolution of a light microscope is typically around 200-300 nanometers, which is much larger than the size of DNA molecules. Therefore, a light microscope with a magnification of 2,000 X would not be able to see individual DNA molecules.

The statement mentions cleaning up the "work area" with soapy water and paper towels. However, it does not specify what the "work area" refers to. Therefore, without any context or clarification, it is not possible to determine whether the statement is true or false.

The mechanical process of epithelial cell extraction likely resulted in a decrease in the amount of DNA compared to wheat germ. This could be due to various factors such as the loss of DNA during the extraction process or the lower DNA content in epithelial cells compared to wheat germ.