Transcription And Translation Quiz With Answers
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Here is an exciting Transcription and Translation quiz that is designed to predict how well you comprehend the transcription and translation of DNA in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes. Translation and transcription are two common biology topics. Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied to RNA, whereas translation is the process by which RNA is used to produce proteins.
Get ready to tackle questions about RNA polymerase, promoters, and more as you learn about how genetic information is encoded and decoded in living organisms. Do you think you have a good understanding of both these processes? Let's test Read moreyour knowledge with this quiz. Just answer a few simple questions in this quiz and see how well you score. All the best!
Transcription and Translation Questions and Answers
- 1.
A cell builds its proteins from the Instructions encoded in its _________.
- A.
Cytoplasm
- B.
Amino acid
- C.
Lysosome
- D.
Genome
Correct Answer
D. GenomeExplanation
A cell builds its proteins from the instructions encoded in its genome. The genome contains all the genetic information necessary for the cell to function and develop. It consists of DNA, which contains the instructions for building proteins through the process of transcription and translation. The genome is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. The genome serves as the blueprint for the cell, providing the necessary information for protein synthesis and overall cellular function.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What process occurs before the other?
- A.
Transcription and then Translation
- B.
Translation and then Transcription
- C.
Transcription and then Ionization
- D.
Translation and then Polymerization
Correct Answer
A. Transcription and then TranslationExplanation
Transcription is the process in which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template, while translation is the process in which proteins are synthesized from the RNA template. Transcription occurs before translation because the DNA sequence needs to be transcribed into RNA before it can be translated into a protein. Therefore, transcription is the initial step in gene expression, followed by translation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) can be best described as:
- A.
A really cool way of rewriting RNA.
- B.
The atom that carries information to an RNA template.
- C.
A short-lived RNA molecule that carries encoded information transcribed from DNA.
- D.
A chromosome that is only present in prokaryotes and is involved in DNA synthesis.
Correct Answer
C. A short-lived RNA molecule that carries encoded information transcribed from DNA.Explanation
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a short-lived RNA molecule that carries encoded information transcribed from DNA. It is synthesized during transcription, where a DNA template is used to produce a complementary mRNA molecule. This mRNA then serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation. It carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it is decoded into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein. mRNA is considered short-lived because it is rapidly degraded within the cell after its role in protein synthesis is complete.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Just like DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase performs a template-directed synthesis in the:
- A.
3'---->5' direction
- B.
5'---->3' direction
- C.
5'---->5' direction
- D.
3'---->3' direction
Correct Answer
B. 5'---->3' directionExplanation
RNA polymerase performs a template-directed synthesis in the 5'---->3' direction. This means that it synthesizes RNA molecules by adding nucleotides to the growing RNA chain in the 5' to 3' direction, using the DNA template strand as a guide. The RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand in the 3' to 5' direction, synthesizing the complementary RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction. This is the same directionality as DNA replication, where DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A Gene is ________________.
- A.
A piece of clothing that is placed upon the bipedal legs of a human.
- B.
A chromosome carrier.
- C.
A section of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.
- D.
A regulatory sequence.
Correct Answer
C. A section of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.Explanation
A chromosome contains genes and is essentially a gene carrier (it's easier to think about them like that). Genes are basically sections of DNA. However, exons are part of a gene but not what a gene is, and a regulatory sequence is a non-gene portion of DNA.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Transcription is ____________.
- A.
A word that teachers use to define genes.
- B.
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
- C.
The synthesis of proteins from information on an mRNA.
- D.
The synthesis of polyester linkages from an Exon.
Correct Answer
B. The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.Explanation
Transcription is the process by which RNA molecules are synthesized from a DNA template. It involves the copying of the genetic information stored in DNA into a complementary RNA molecule. This RNA molecule can then be used as a template for protein synthesis or perform other functions within the cell.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What type of bond forms between complementary base pairs?
- A.
Hydrogen
- B.
Covalent
- C.
Ionic
- D.
Interkinetic
Correct Answer
A. HydrogenExplanation
Hydrogen bonds form between complementary base pairs. In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine. These pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds, which occur between the nitrogenous bases. Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak compared to covalent bonds, but they are essential for maintaining the structure and stability of the DNA molecule.Rate this question:
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- 8.
To understand the structure of RNA polymerase, which technique did researchers employ to view this enzyme?
- A.
Gas Chromatography
- B.
Gel Electrophoresis
- C.
PCR Amplification
- D.
X-ray Crystallography
Correct Answer
D. X-ray CrystallographyExplanation
To understand the structure of RNA polymerase, researchers employed X-ray crystallography. This technique involves directing X-rays at a crystalized sample of the enzyme and analyzing the resulting diffraction pattern to determine the molecular structure. X-ray crystallography provides detailed information about the arrangement of atoms within the enzyme, allowing scientists to elucidate its three-dimensional structure and understand its function in transcribing RNA molecules.Rate this question:
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- 9.
How does transcription begin?
- A.
Binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region
- B.
Formation of a transcription bubble
- C.
Attachment of ribosomes to mRNA
- D.
Binding of tRNA to the start codon
Correct Answer
A. Binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter regionExplanation
Transcription, the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, begins with the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region of the DNA. The promoter is a specific sequence of DNA that signals the start of transcription. RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to this region, initiating the formation of a transcription bubble and allowing the enzyme to start synthesizing the RNA molecule. The other options refer to different steps in protein synthesis (translation) or post-transcriptional modifications, not the initiation of transcription itself.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Name the process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA.
- A.
Translation
- B.
Transcription
- C.
Transformation
- D.
Replication
Correct Answer
B. TranscriptionExplanation
Transcription is the process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA. During transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA molecule and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand using the DNA template. This RNA molecule will then be used as a template for protein synthesis during the process of translation.Rate this question:
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Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
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Current Version
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Mar 26, 2024Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team
Expert Reviewed by
Stephen Reinbold -
May 27, 2009Quiz Created by
Araujoi7
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