Comprehensive Nrs 146 Final Exam

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Bladder Training may be the most helpful in the prevention and management of which type of incontinence?
- Overflow
- Stress
- Functional
- Urge

About This Quiz

The 'Comprehensive NRS 146 Final Exam' assesses knowledge in managing incontinence and other geriatric conditions. It covers types of incontinence, associated symptoms, and typical medications, focusing on practical nursing interventions for elderly care.

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2.

Your older adult client is complaining of night time incontinence. Her incontinence occurs after she awakens and starts coughing. You suspect her type of incontinence is:
- Overflow
- Stress
- Functional
- Urge
Correct Answer

A. Stress

Explanation

Stress incontinence is the most likely type of incontinence in this case. The fact that the client experiences leakage after waking up and coughing suggests that the coughing is putting pressure on the bladder, causing urine to leak out. Stress incontinence is characterized by leakage during activities that increase abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising.

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3.

An older adult man who is complaining about difficulty starting his urine flow and then dribbling urine after he urinates is most likely exhibiting signs of:
- Stress Incontinence
- Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
- Pyelonephritis
- Nocturia
Correct Answer

A. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Explanation

The symptoms described, difficulty starting urine flow and dribbling urine after urination, are indicative of a condition called benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, commonly seen in older men. As the prostate gland enlarges, it can obstruct the urethra, leading to urinary symptoms such as weak urine flow and post-void dribbling. Stress incontinence refers to the leakage of urine during physical exertion or coughing, which is not described in the scenario. Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection, and nocturia refers to the excessive need to urinate at night, which are not the main symptoms mentioned.

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4.

A nurse is providing care to an older adult with cystitis. Which of the following type of medication would most likely b prescribed?
- Tricyclic antidepressant
- Anticholinergic
- Antispasmodic
- Antibiotic
Correct Answer

A. Antibiotic

Explanation

An older adult with cystitis would most likely be prescribed an antibiotic. Cystitis is an infection of the urinary tract, specifically the bladder, and antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections. Tricyclic antidepressants are not typically used to treat cystitis, as they are primarily used for depression. Anticholinergics and antispasmodics may be used to help relieve symptoms of cystitis, such as urinary urgency and frequency, but they do not directly treat the infection itself. Therefore, the most appropriate medication for this patient would be an antibiotic.

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5.

A nurse is providing care to a older adult with BpH (Benign prostatic hypertrophy). which of the following medications would most likely be prescribed?
- Keflex (cephalosporin)
- Togranil (imipramine)
- Flomax (tamsulosin)
- Detrol (tolterodine)
Correct Answer

A. Flomax (tamsulosin)

Explanation

Flomax (tamsulosin) would most likely be prescribed for an older adult with BPH (Benign prostatic hypertrophy). BPH is a condition where the prostate gland becomes enlarged, causing urinary symptoms. Flomax is an alpha-blocker medication that helps relax the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate. It is commonly used to treat BPH and relieve urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and weak urine flow. The other medications listed, Keflex (cephalosporin), Togranil (imipramine), and Detrol (tolterodine), are not typically prescribed for BPH.

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6.

Your older adult client has been diagnosed with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). She is also experiencing diminished kidney function. Based on this diagnosis and his condition, you anticipate, she will have which type of drug ordered:
- Histamine h2 Antagonist
- Stool Softener
- Stimulant Laxative
- Protein Pump Inhibitor
Correct Answer

A. Protein Pump Inhibitor

Explanation

Given that the client has been diagnosed with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and is experiencing diminished kidney function, the anticipated type of drug ordered would be a Protein Pump Inhibitor. Protein Pump Inhibitors are commonly prescribed for GERD as they help reduce the production of stomach acid. This can be beneficial for the client as excessive stomach acid can worsen GERD symptoms. Additionally, Protein Pump Inhibitors are considered safe for individuals with diminished kidney function, making them a suitable choice for this client.

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7.

Older adults may exhibit which of the following if they are also experiencing sleep disturbances?
- Confusion
- Decreased memory
- Morning headaches
- Constipation
Correct Answer(s)

A. Confusion
A. Decreased memory
A. Morning headaches

Explanation

If older adults are experiencing sleep disturbances, they may exhibit confusion, decreased memory, and morning headaches. Sleep disturbances can disrupt the normal sleep cycle and prevent older adults from getting sufficient restorative sleep. This can lead to cognitive impairments such as confusion and decreased memory. Additionally, inadequate sleep can cause headaches, particularly in the morning, due to increased tension and lack of proper rest. Therefore, these symptoms can be commonly observed in older adults who are experiencing sleep disturbances.

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1
8.

Which non-pharmacological nursing interventions can assist an older adult with sleep: Check all that apply.
- Noise level (silence or using a fan to muffle sounds)
- Dark room (lighting)
- Benadryl
- Temperature of the room (cold or warm)
Correct Answer(s)

A. Noise level (silence or using a fan to muffle sounds)
A. Dark room (lighting)
A. Temperature of the room (cold or warm)

Explanation

The correct answer options, "Noise level (silence or using a fan to muffle sounds)," "Dark room (lighting)," and "Temperature of the room (cold or warm)," are all non-pharmacological nursing interventions that can assist an older adult with sleep. Noise level can affect sleep quality, so creating a quiet environment or using a fan to mask other sounds can help. A dark room promotes melatonin production, which aids in sleep. The temperature of the room should be adjusted to the individual's comfort, as extreme temperatures can disrupt sleep. Benadryl is a pharmacological intervention and is not a non-pharmacological nursing intervention for sleep.

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9.

Your client asks you what changes normally occur in sleep patterns in the older adult: You tell them:
- The elderly retain sleep patterns from their younger years
- The elderly fall asleep more easily than younger adults
- The elderly have a longer total sleeping period
- The elderly tend to wake up earlier
Correct Answer(s)

A. The elderly have a longer total sleeping period
A. The elderly tend to wake up earlier

Explanation

As individuals age, their sleep patterns tend to change. One common change is that older adults have a longer total sleeping period. This means that they may spend more time in bed asleep compared to when they were younger. Additionally, older adults tend to wake up earlier in the morning. These changes in sleep patterns are a normal part of the aging process.

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10.

Your older adult client has been losing weight and you are considering the NANDA stem of Nutrition less than body requirements. You expect that his weight loss could be a result of all of the following: (Select all that apply)
- Ill Fitting Dentures
- Age related decrease in saliva production
- Access to food due to limited mobility
- Small diverticuli
Correct Answer(s)

A. Ill Fitting Dentures
A. Age related decrease in saliva production
A. Access to food due to limited mobility

Explanation

Ill fitting dentures can contribute to weight loss as they can make it difficult for the client to chew and eat properly. Age-related decrease in saliva production can affect the client's ability to swallow and digest food, leading to weight loss. Limited mobility can restrict the client's access to food, making it harder for them to maintain proper nutrition. However, small diverticuli are unlikely to directly cause weight loss as they are small pouches that form in the lining of the digestive system and are usually asymptomatic.

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11.

You understand that your older adult client is at risk for poisoning due to all of the following normal age related changes except:
- Decreased sense of smell
- Decreased blood supply to the liver
- Decreased tolerance of lactose
- Decreased in near sighted vision
Correct Answer

A. Decreased tolerance of lactose

Explanation

As people age, they may experience a decreased sense of smell, decreased blood supply to the liver, and decreased near-sighted vision. However, age-related changes do not typically affect lactose tolerance. Lactose intolerance is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase, which can occur at any age and is not directly related to normal aging processes.

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12.

Your older adult client is complaining that his stool is very hard and dry. What medication would you anticipate will be ordered to soften his stool?

Correct Answer
Docusate/Colace, DOSS

Explanation
Sennosides/Senokot is a stimulant laxative
Milk of Magnesia (MOM) is magnesium laxative

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13.

Along with administering this medication, what other education would you give your client to assist with his constipation?
- Increase water intake
- Decrease fiber intake
- Eat earlier in the day to aid peristalsis
- Limit his activity until his stool is normal
Correct Answer

A. Increase water intake

Explanation

Increasing water intake can help soften the stool and prevent constipation. Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining regular bowel movements. Drinking enough water can add bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass. It also helps to keep the digestive system running smoothly. Therefore, advising the client to increase their water intake would be beneficial in relieving constipation.

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14.

Which nursing intervention may help maximize existing pulmonary function:
- Deceasing oral fluid intake
- Taking vital signs
- Sculpting once a week
- Elevating the head of the bed
Correct Answer

A. Elevating the head of the bed

Explanation

Elevating the head of the bed can help maximize existing pulmonary function because it promotes better lung expansion and ventilation. By raising the head of the bed, gravity helps to reduce the pressure on the chest and abdomen, allowing the diaphragm to descend more easily and the lungs to expand fully. This position also helps to prevent aspiration and improve oxygenation, making it easier for the patient to breathe and maximizing their pulmonary function.

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15.

You make the following suggestions for your healthy 70 year old healthy neighbor to reduce her cardiac workload:
- Increase caffeine intake
- Space out daily activities
- Take up gardening
- Decrease drinking water
Correct Answer

A. Space out daily activities

Explanation

Spacing out daily activities can help reduce cardiac workload because it allows for rest periods in between tasks. This prevents the heart from being overworked by continuous physical exertion and stress. By taking breaks and pacing oneself throughout the day, the heart has time to recover and maintain a steady workload, promoting overall cardiovascular health.

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16.

Which of the following activities would best promote health maintenance among older adults when we consider normal cardiovascular changes that occur with aging?
- Running a marathon once a year
- Watching sports for an hour on television every night
- Taking 12 hour hikes in the mountains every weekend
- Swimming or yoga for 20 minutes 3-5 times a week
Correct Answer

A. Swimming or yoga for 20 minutes 3-5 times a week

Explanation

Swimming or yoga for 20 minutes 3-5 times a week would best promote health maintenance among older adults when considering normal cardiovascular changes that occur with aging. This is because swimming and yoga are low-impact exercises that can improve cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, and strength without putting excessive strain on the aging body. These activities can help maintain a healthy heart, lungs, and circulation, while also promoting relaxation and reducing stress. Running a marathon once a year, taking 12 hour hikes in the mountains every weekend, or watching sports on television do not provide the same level of regular exercise and may be too strenuous or sedentary for older adults.

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17.

You know your 70 year old healthy neighbor is at increased risk for complications if she gets a respiratory infection because of these normal changes in the aging pulmonary system.
- Increased flexibility of her rib cage
- Increased total body water causing thinner mucus
- Decrease in cilia that helps move mucus out of respiratory tract
- Changes in respiratory muscles that cause increased respiratory rate
Correct Answer

A. Decrease in cilia that helps move mucus out of respiratory tract

Explanation

As people age, there is a decrease in cilia, which are tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory tract that help move mucus out of the lungs. This decrease in cilia can lead to a buildup of mucus in the respiratory tract, making it harder to clear the lungs of any infections or irritants. This can increase the risk of complications if a respiratory infection occurs in a 70-year-old individual.

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18.

There are many changes in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems that are a result of primary aging. Which one did we discuss in class?
- Ribs and vertebral joints expand
- Valves in veins become less competent
- Pericardium softens
- Heart valves become floppy
Correct Answer

A. Valves in veins become less competent

Explanation

In class, we discussed that one of the changes in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems as a result of primary aging is that valves in veins become less competent. This means that the valves are not able to function as effectively in preventing the backflow of blood, which can lead to conditions such as venous insufficiency or varicose veins.

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19.

When assessing the older adult regarding sleep, which of the following would be appropriate?
- The nurse will ask about the parent history regarding sleep
- The nurse will ask key points about the environment during sleep hours
- The nurse will ask about sleep routines, including any sleep aides usually utilized
- The nurse will ask about dietary intake and medications schedules
Correct Answer(s)

A. The nurse will ask key points about the environment during sleep hours
A. The nurse will ask about sleep routines, including any sleep aides usually utilized
A. The nurse will ask about dietary intake and medications schedules

Explanation

The question asks for appropriate assessments when assessing an older adult regarding sleep. The correct answer includes asking about key points about the environment during sleep hours, sleep routines including any sleep aides usually utilized, and dietary intake and medication schedules. These assessments are important because they provide information about the sleep environment, habits, and potential factors that may affect sleep quality in older adults. By gathering this information, the nurse can identify any potential issues or interventions that may be necessary to improve sleep in the older adult.

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20.

Which of the following medications are commonly used to assist a client with sleep?
- Iphenhydramine/ Benadryl
- Methotrexate/Rhematrex
- Zolpidem/Ambien
- Temazepam/Restoril
Correct Answer(s)

A. Iphenhydramine/ Benadryl
A. Zolpidem/Ambien
A. Temazepam/Restoril

Explanation

The correct answer is Iphenhydramine/ Benadryl, Zolpidem/Ambien, and Temazepam/Restoril. These medications are commonly used to assist clients with sleep. Iphenhydramine (commonly known as Benadryl) is an antihistamine that can cause drowsiness and is often used as a sleep aid. Zolpidem (Ambien) is a sedative-hypnotic medication that helps with insomnia by increasing sleep duration and decreasing sleep latency. Temazepam (Restoril) is a benzodiazepine that acts as a sedative and is prescribed for short-term treatment of insomnia. These medications can be effective in promoting sleep for individuals who have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.

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21.

Which of the following criteria indicates that an older patient has become a victim of polypharmacy?
- Medications that are contraindicated are not used
- Medications that interact concurrently are not used
- There is no improvement after discontinuation of medications
- Medications are used to counteract side effects of previous medications
Correct Answer

A. Medications are used to counteract side effects of previous medications

Explanation

When an older patient starts using medications to counteract the side effects of previous medications, it indicates that they have become a victim of polypharmacy. Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications by a patient, often prescribed by different healthcare providers, which can result in adverse drug interactions and increased risk of side effects. Using medications to counteract the side effects of previous medications suggests that the patient is experiencing complications due to the combination of drugs they are taking, indicating a potential case of polypharmacy.

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22.

The definition of polypharmacy according to the World Health Organization (WHO) supports which statement?
- The cost of medications for older adults should be better covered by Medicare
- Middle age adults are the greatest consumer of drugs in western countries
- Adverse drug events (ADEs) are decreasing in older adults due to better vigilence
- Polypharmacy exists when more medicines are used that are clinically necessary
Correct Answer

A. Polypharmacy exists when more medicines are used that are clinically necessary

Explanation

Polypharmacy exists when more medicines are used that are clinically necessary. This means that polypharmacy refers to the situation where a person is taking multiple medications, but not all of them are needed for their medical condition. It implies that some medications may be unnecessary or excessive, which can lead to potential harm or adverse drug events. This definition aligns with the concept of polypharmacy as described by the World Health Organization.

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23.

Mr. Penta was receiving an oral antibiotic for an infection. The nurse noticed that the peak level of antibiotic was not in therapeutic range. The physiological reason for this was that:
- The patient took the antibiotic with milk, which was contraindicated
- The patient was not taking the antibiotic as prescribed
- Decreased gastrointestinal motility delayed the peak effects of the oral drug
- The rate of absorption was fast due to increased cardiac input
Correct Answer

A. Decreased gastrointestinal motility delayed the peak effects of the oral drug

Explanation

Decreased gastrointestinal motility can delay the absorption of the oral drug, resulting in a delayed peak effect. This means that the drug takes longer to reach its maximum concentration in the bloodstream, which can affect its therapeutic effectiveness. Taking the antibiotic with milk or not following the prescribed dosage can also affect the drug's absorption and therapeutic range, but in this case, the focus is on the delayed peak effects caused by decreased gastrointestinal motility. Increased cardiac input would not affect the absorption or peak effects of the oral drug.

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24.

What is a contributing factor to multiple drug use by older adults?
- No changes have occurred in older adults' lifestyles
- The occurrence of adverse drug reactions has decreased
- Health care providers fail to coordinate medication regimens
- Compliance with medication regimens has increased
Correct Answer

A. Health care providers fail to coordinate medication regimens

Explanation

Health care providers failing to coordinate medication regimens can be a contributing factor to multiple drug use by older adults. When medications are not properly coordinated, it can lead to the use of multiple drugs that may interact negatively with each other. This can increase the risk of adverse drug reactions and other complications.

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25.

The BEERS criteria describes:
- How medication is absorbed, distributed and metabolized differently by adults
- Limits on alcoholic beverages that are considered safe for older adults
- Medication that is recommended for use by older adults
- Rationale for medication considered inappropriate for use by older adults
Correct Answer

A. Rationale for medication considered inappropriate for use by older adults

Explanation

The BEERS criteria is a tool that provides a list of medications that are considered inappropriate for use by older adults due to their potential risks and side effects. It helps healthcare professionals make informed decisions about prescribing medications to older patients, taking into consideration their unique physiological changes and increased vulnerability to adverse drug reactions. The criteria outline specific medications or drug classes that should be avoided or used with caution in older adults, helping to improve medication safety and reduce the risk of harm in this population.

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26.

Your client has presbyopia. You know this means they are experiencing a:
- Common visual disturbances that is secondary aging
- Decline in hearing
- Decline in their ability to focus on nearby objects
- Decline in smell
Correct Answer

A. Decline in their ability to focus on nearby objects

Explanation

Presbyopia is a common visual disturbance that occurs as a result of aging. It is characterized by a decline in the ability to focus on nearby objects. This condition is caused by the loss of flexibility in the lens of the eye, making it difficult to bring close objects into clear focus. Therefore, the correct answer is "Decline in their ability to focus on nearby objects."

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27.

Your client has presbycusis. You know this means they are experiencing a:
- Common visual disturbance that is secondary aging
- Decline in hearing
- Decline in their ability to focus on nearby objects
- Decline in smell
Correct Answer

A. Decline in hearing

Explanation

Presbycusis is a condition commonly associated with aging, characterized by a gradual decline in hearing ability. This condition is caused by the natural degeneration of the inner ear structures over time, leading to difficulty in perceiving and understanding sounds. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is a decline in hearing.

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28.

Your client has hypoguesia. You know this means they are experiencing a(n):
- Absence of taste
- Decline in taste
- Absence of smell
- Decline in smell
Correct Answer

A. Decline in taste

Explanation

The correct answer is "Decline in taste". Hypogeusia refers to a decrease or decline in the sense of taste. It is a condition where the individual experiences a reduced ability to taste flavors. This can result in a diminished perception of taste sensations, making food and drinks seem less flavorful or bland. It is important to note that hypogeusia is different from the complete absence of taste, as the individual can still detect some taste but at a lower intensity.

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29.

What group is the most common perpetrator in elder abuse?
- Family members of the older adult
- Nursing Assistants
- Strangers
- Nurses
Correct Answer

A. Family members of the older adult

Explanation

Elder abuse is most commonly perpetrated by family members of the older adult. This is because family members often have close access and intimate relationships with the elderly, making it easier for them to exploit or mistreat them. Family members may also be under stress or have conflicts with the older adult, leading to abusive behavior. Nursing assistants, nurses, and strangers can also be perpetrators of elder abuse, but statistically, family members are the most common group responsible for such abuse.

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30.

Because your client who has alterations in proprioception but no other significant sensory deficits, they are at risk for which of the following (select all that apply):
- Social Isolation
- Falls
- Food poisoning
- Dehydration
Correct Answer(s)

A. Social Isolation
A. Falls

Explanation

The client with alterations in proprioception but no other significant sensory deficits is at risk for social isolation because they may have difficulty perceiving their own body position and movements, which can affect their ability to interact with others. They are also at risk for falls because proprioception helps in maintaining balance and coordination. However, food poisoning and dehydration are not directly related to alterations in proprioception.

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31.

Your client has anosmia. You know this means they are experiencing a:
- Absence of taste
- Absence of smell
- Decline in smell
- Decline in taste
Correct Answer

A. Absence of smell

Explanation

Anosmia refers to the loss or absence of the sense of smell. This means that the client is unable to perceive or detect smells. It does not necessarily imply a decline in taste, as taste and smell are closely related but distinct senses. Therefore, the correct answer is "Absence of smell."

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32.

Which is NOT considered to be a vulnerable adult?
- A 17 year old with a developmental disability
- A 50 year old resident in a nursing home
- An 80 year old woman receiving Chore services in her home
- A 65 year old who needs assistance with dressing and eating
Correct Answer

A. A 17 year old with a developmental disability

Explanation

A 17 year old with a developmental disability is not considered to be a vulnerable adult because the term "vulnerable adult" typically refers to individuals who are elderly or have physical or mental impairments that make them more susceptible to abuse, neglect, or exploitation. While the 17 year old may have a developmental disability, they are still considered a minor and are likely to have legal protections and support systems in place to ensure their well-being and safety.

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33.

1-866-ENDHARD should be called in WA state to report abuse or neglect of an older adult who lives in their own home.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

End Hard?! It's ENDHARM

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34.

You witness a vulnerable adult being threatened by a family member while they are visiting the nursing home. Your initial response must be:
- Call to report the incident because you are a mandatory reportor
- Tell your supervisor
- Document what you saw
- Make sure the nursing home resident is safe
Correct Answer

A. Make sure the nursing home resident is safe

Explanation

In this situation, the most important priority is to ensure the safety and well-being of the vulnerable adult. While reporting the incident and documenting what you saw are necessary steps to take, the immediate action should be to intervene and ensure that the resident is no longer in harm's way. This may involve separating the resident from the family member, alerting other staff members, or contacting security if necessary. Once the resident is safe, you can then proceed with reporting the incident and informing your supervisor.

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35.

Your client has asked what you know about advanced directives in WA state. You tell them about the _________ form that you learned about in class.
- PLAST
- Physician Orders
- POLST
- Vial of Life
Correct Answer

A. POLST

Explanation

In Washington state, advanced directives are known as POLST (Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment). This form is discussed in class as a means for individuals to communicate their preferences regarding medical treatment, particularly in emergency situations. POLST ensures that healthcare providers are aware of the patient's wishes and can provide appropriate care accordingly.

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36.

The psychosexual stage of development describes an older adult who expresses themselves through relationships and friendships.
- Latent Stage
- Genital Stage
- Intuitive Stage
- Generativity Stage
Correct Answer

A. Genital Stage

Explanation

The genital stage of development is the correct answer because it is the stage in Freud's psychosexual theory where individuals experience sexual pleasure through their genitals and develop healthy relationships and friendships. This stage typically occurs during adolescence and adulthood, and it is characterized by the ability to form intimate relationships and express oneself sexually in a mature and healthy way.

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37.

What is the term that describes when someone views older people as different and not having the same desires, needs and concerns as themselves?
- Ageism
- Gerontology
- False Imprisonment
- Ego Integrity
Correct Answer

A. Ageism

Explanation

Ageism is the term that describes when someone views older people as different and not having the same desires, needs, and concerns as themselves. Ageism is a form of discrimination and prejudice based on a person's age, particularly towards older adults. It involves stereotyping, stigmatizing, and marginalizing older individuals, often leading to unequal treatment and limited opportunities for them in various aspects of life, such as employment, healthcare, and social interactions. Ageism can have negative impacts on the well-being and quality of life of older people, reinforcing age-related stereotypes and undermining their rights and dignity.

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38.

Which is Erickson's development crisis for the older adult?
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Identity vs. Role Confusion
- Ego Integrity vs. Despair
- Trust vs. Mistrust
Correct Answer

A. Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Explanation

Erickson's development crisis for the older adult is Ego Integrity vs. Despair. This stage occurs in late adulthood and involves reflecting on one's life and accepting the choices made. Ego integrity is achieved when individuals feel a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment. Despair, on the other hand, arises when individuals feel regret and a sense of failure. This stage is characterized by the fear of death and the need to find meaning and purpose in life.

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39.

Life Expectancy refers to:
- The maximum length of time a person can possibly live
- The targeting of someone who is different from yourself
- The average length of time an organism will survive
- The probable number of years a person will live
Correct Answer

A. The probable number of years a person will live

Explanation

The correct answer is "The probable number of years a person will live." Life expectancy is a statistical measure that estimates the average number of years a person is expected to live based on various factors such as their age, gender, and health conditions. It is not the maximum length of time a person can possibly live, nor does it refer to targeting someone who is different from yourself.

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40.

Using Erickson's theory, nurses can help older adults meet their developmental task by...
- Encouraging early retirement from their jobs
- Listening to their stories and recognizing achievements
- Relieving them from responsibility in self-care
- Shielding them from family and community problems
Correct Answer

A. Listening to their stories and recognizing achievements

Explanation

According to Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, older adults go through the stage of ego integrity versus despair. During this stage, they reflect on their lives and may experience a sense of satisfaction or regret. By listening to their stories and recognizing their achievements, nurses can support older adults in finding meaning and purpose in their lives, fostering a sense of ego integrity. This can contribute to their overall well-being and psychological development.

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41.

Your client asks you about risk factors associated for osteoporosis. Which of the following facts about your client would be a risk factor for osteoporosis?
- High calcium diet
- Maintaining joint cartilage
- Decreased height
- Post menopausal age
Correct Answer

A. Post menopausal age

Explanation

Post menopausal age is a risk factor for osteoporosis because during menopause, a woman's estrogen levels decrease significantly. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density, so the decline in estrogen can lead to a decrease in bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, being in the postmenopausal age group increases the likelihood of developing osteoporosis.

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42.

Your client asks you what changes to expect in her musculoskeletal system as she ages. Which of the folloing facts will be in your explanation? Check all that apply.
- Stiffened ligaments
- Decreased joint cartilage
- Decreased height
- Increased lung expansion
Correct Answer(s)

A. Stiffened ligaments
A. Decreased joint cartilage
A. Decreased height

Explanation

As a person ages, their musculoskeletal system undergoes certain changes. Ligaments, which connect bones to each other, tend to become stiffer over time. This can lead to reduced flexibility and increased risk of injury. Joint cartilage, which provides cushioning between bones, tends to decrease in quantity and quality, leading to increased friction and potential joint pain. Height also tends to decrease with age due to changes in the spine and bones. However, lung expansion does not increase with age, and in fact, lung function typically decreases as a person gets older.

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43.

Your client has experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA). His symptoms are gone and he has a new prescription for a new medication. Which of the following would you expect to see ordered?
- Methotrexate/Rheumatrex (DMARD)
- Ibuprofen (NSAID
- Aspirin/ ASA (NSAID
- Aceteminophin (analgesic)
Correct Answer

A. Aspirin/ ASA (NSAID

Explanation

After experiencing a transient ischemic attack (TIA), the client is likely to be prescribed Aspirin/ASA (NSAID). Aspirin is commonly used as a preventive treatment for individuals who have had a TIA or are at risk of having a stroke. It helps to reduce the risk of blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation. This medication is specifically chosen in this scenario because it is effective in preventing further clot formation and reducing the chances of another TIA or stroke. Methotrexate/Rheumatrex (DMARD) is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Ibuprofen (NSAID) is a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory, and Acetaminophen (analgesic) is used for pain relief but does not have anti-inflammatory properties.

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44.

Your client has been diagnosed with Osteoarthritis. Knowing appropriate medications for pain management for this disorder, which of the following medications would you expect to see ordered?
- Methotrexate/Rheumatrex (DMARD)
- Clopidogrel/Plavix (antiplatelet)
- Aspirin/ ASA (NSAID)
- Ibuprofen (NSAID)
Correct Answer

A. Ibuprofen (NSAID)

Explanation

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used for pain management in osteoarthritis. It helps to reduce pain, inflammation, and swelling associated with the condition. Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used for rheumatoid arthritis, not osteoarthritis. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication used to prevent blood clots, and aspirin is also an NSAID but is not as effective for osteoarthritis pain as ibuprofen. Therefore, ibuprofen would be the expected medication to be ordered for pain management in osteoarthritis.

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45.

Your client has been recently diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which of the following statements made by your client would indicate she needs more education about living with and managing her disease?
- Tremors, rigid muscles, impaired balance and possible dementia may occur
- The disease involves a lack of dopamine production in her brain
- Parkinson's is a neurological degenerative disease
- Most people with Parkinson's are diagnosed when they are under 50 years old
Correct Answer

A. Most people with Parkinson's are diagnosed when they are under 50 years old

Explanation

The correct answer indicates that the client needs more education about living with and managing Parkinson's disease because it states an incorrect fact. Most people with Parkinson's are actually diagnosed when they are over 50 years old, not under 50 years old. This suggests that the client may have a misunderstanding about the age at which Parkinson's is typically diagnosed, and would benefit from further education on the topic.

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Comprehensive Nrs 146 Final Exam

Bladder Training may be the most helpful in the prevention and management of which type of incontinence?

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Your older adult client is complaining of night time incontinence. Her incontinence occurs after she awakens and starts coughing. You suspect her type of incontinence is:

An older adult man who is complaining about difficulty starting his urine flow and then dribbling urine after he urinates is most likely exhibiting signs of:

A nurse is providing care to an older adult with cystitis. Which of the following type of medication would most likely b prescribed?

A nurse is providing care to a older adult with BpH (Benign prostatic hypertrophy). which of the following medications would most likely be prescribed?

Your older adult client has been diagnosed with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). She is also experiencing diminished kidney function. Based on this diagnosis and his condition, you anticipate, she will have which type of drug ordered:

Older adults may exhibit which of the following if they are also experiencing sleep disturbances?

Which non-pharmacological nursing interventions can assist an older adult with sleep: Check all that apply.

Your client asks you what changes normally occur in sleep patterns in the older adult: You tell them:

Your older adult client has been losing weight and you are considering the NANDA stem of Nutrition less than body requirements. You expect that his weight loss could be a result of all of the following: (Select all that apply)

You understand that your older adult client is at risk for poisoning due to all of the following normal age related changes except:

Your older adult client is complaining that his stool is very hard and dry. What medication would you anticipate will be ordered to soften his stool?

Along with administering this medication, what other education would you give your client to assist with his constipation?

Which nursing intervention may help maximize existing pulmonary function:

You make the following suggestions for your healthy 70 year old healthy neighbor to reduce her cardiac workload:

Which of the following activities would best promote health maintenance among older adults when we consider normal cardiovascular changes that occur with aging?

You know your 70 year old healthy neighbor is at increased risk for complications if she gets a respiratory infection because of these normal changes in the aging pulmonary system.

There are many changes in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems that are a result of primary aging. Which one did we discuss in class?

When assessing the older adult regarding sleep, which of the following would be appropriate?

Which of the following medications are commonly used to assist a client with sleep?

Which of the following criteria indicates that an older patient has become a victim of polypharmacy?

The definition of polypharmacy according to the World Health Organization (WHO) supports which statement?

Mr. Penta was receiving an oral antibiotic for an infection. The nurse noticed that the peak level of antibiotic was not in therapeutic range. The physiological reason for this was that:

What is a contributing factor to multiple drug use by older adults?

The BEERS criteria describes:

Your client has presbyopia. You know this means they are experiencing a:

Your client has presbycusis. You know this means they are experiencing a:

Your client has hypoguesia. You know this means they are experiencing a(n):

What group is the most common perpetrator in elder abuse?

Because your client who has alterations in proprioception but no other significant sensory deficits, they are at risk for which of the following (select all that apply):

Your client has anosmia. You know this means they are experiencing a:

Which is NOT considered to be a vulnerable adult?

1-866-ENDHARD should be called in WA state to report abuse or neglect of an older adult who lives in their own home.

You witness a vulnerable adult being threatened by a family member while they are visiting the nursing home. Your initial response must be:

Your client has asked what you know about advanced directives in WA state. You tell them about the _________ form that you learned about in class.

The psychosexual stage of development describes an older adult who expresses themselves through relationships and friendships.

What is the term that describes when someone views older people as different and not having the same desires, needs and concerns as themselves?

Which is Erickson's development crisis for the older adult?

Life Expectancy refers to:

Using Erickson's theory, nurses can help older adults meet their developmental task by...

Your client asks you about risk factors associated for osteoporosis. Which of the following facts about your client would be a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Your client asks you what changes to expect in her musculoskeletal system as she ages. Which of the folloing facts will be in your explanation? Check all that apply.

Your client has experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA). His symptoms are gone and he has a new prescription for a new medication. Which of the following would you expect to see ordered?

Your client has been diagnosed with Osteoarthritis. Knowing appropriate medications for pain management for this disorder, which of the following medications would you expect to see ordered?

Your client has been recently diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which of the following statements made by your client would indicate she needs more education about living with and managing her disease?